cold_war美蘇冷戰(zhàn)_英語版最全最完整的版本啵啵獨家制作 (2)

1、US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsDemocracy vs. CommunismCapitalism vs. SocialismYalta Conference (1945)United Nations formed (1945)NATO formed (1949)Warsaw Pact (1955)Korean War (1950-53)SEATO formed (1955)China becomes communist (1949)The Soviets joins the Allies in WWIIWWII ends (1945)Ber

2、lin Airlift (1948-49)U.S. and Soviet ICMBs developed (1957)Sputnik launched (1957)1.What is Cold War? 2.why did USA exert the policy of Cold War? The essence of Cold War3.The performance of USA and USSR in politic,economy,military science4.Which event marked the begin and Which event marked the end

3、of Cold War? 5.The process of Soviet hegemony6.The efforts of the Cold Waroutline何謂何謂“冷戰(zhàn)冷戰(zhàn)”（What is Cold War) 冷戰(zhàn)是指：冷戰(zhàn)是指：1947年1991年間美國為首的西方資本主義國家和蘇聯(lián)為首社會主義國家兩個陣營除直接交戰(zhàn)以外，在經(jīng)濟、政治、軍事、外交、文化、意識形態(tài)等各方面都處于對抗狀態(tài)的時期。 Cold War refers to:1947-1991 years the United States led western capitalist countries and the Sov

4、iet Union socialist countries two camps in addition to the direct engagement, in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural, ideological and other aspects are in a state of confrontation period.The u.s.-led campaign of capitalism Soviet union socialist camp PolicyTruman socialist杜魯門主義Europe

5、an communist partyEconomyMarshall plan 馬歇爾計劃Help each other經(jīng)互會German problem Piecing together the federal republic of Germany Bolster democracy Germany Military Established NATO 兩大軍事集團對立形成Plan Warsaw Treaty Organization華沙條約組織 兩大陣營與軍事集團社會主義陣營：蘇聯(lián)為首華沙條約組織（華約1955）The socialist camp 資本主義陣營：美國為首北大西洋公約組織（北

6、約1949）The capitalist camp美蘇爭霸的過程美蘇爭霸的過程階段劃分階段劃分第一階段第一階段第二階段第二階段第三階段第三階段時間蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重大事件爭霸特點實力對比5050年代中期至年代中期至6060年代中期年代中期赫魯曉夫赫魯曉夫肯尼迪肯尼迪第二次柏林危機第二次柏林危機 古巴導(dǎo)彈危機古巴導(dǎo)彈危機緩和緊張緩和緊張優(yōu)勢在美優(yōu)勢在美8080年代年代戈爾巴喬夫戈爾巴喬夫里根里根美轉(zhuǎn)強硬美轉(zhuǎn)強硬蘇聯(lián)收縮蘇聯(lián)收縮6060年代中期至年代中期至7070年代末年代末勃列日涅夫勃列日涅夫尼克松尼克松阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭蘇攻美守蘇攻美守Beginning of war: The hist

7、orians have so far not reached any agreement on the time in which the Cold War began. It is, however, quite safe to say that since 1947 when President Truman of the United States declared an anti-communist policy, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union has begun.Truman Doctrine

8、杜魯門主義Causes of Cold War There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.Causes of Cold W

9、ar(1) Underlying causes (i) Ideological (意識形態(tài)的) (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(競爭) (2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe (ii) The reactions of the United States (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union Goals of the 2 c

10、ountriesThe United States, greatly expanded and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前蘇聯(lián)的勢力范圍 in Eastern Europe. The

11、Soviet Union, out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement, 資本主義的包圍was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to defend its sphere of influence at all costs. & The Full Cold War The local hot wars The Western GroupNorth Atlantic Treaty Organizati

12、on (NATO) （北大西洋公約組織）The Eastern GroupThe Warsaw Treaty Organization(華沙條約組織)The Signing of NATOApril 4, 1949, 12 foreign ministers of the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Italy held the North Atlantic Treaty signing ce

13、remony in Washington. August 24, the North Atlantic Treaty entered into force. The Signing of the Warsaw Treaty Organization Soviet representative Marshal Zhukov signed the treaty. May 14, 1955 ,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR explod

14、ed its first atomic bomb in 1949. Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Arms RaceSpace RaceCold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first artific

15、ial satellite into geocentric orbit on October 4, 1957. The race to control space was on.April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and first to orbit Earth.US felt a loss of prestige and increased funding for space programs and science education.On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speech c

16、hallenging America to land a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade.Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 16, 1969.Built in1961Demolished in 1989Berlin WallThe Cuban Missile Crisis(1962) The crisis began on October 15, 1962 whenreconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under con

17、struction in Cuba. After seven days of intense debate within the White House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba wo

18、uld be regarded as an attack on the US by the USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba. Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would

19、dismantle the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his trust that the US would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assura

20、nces not to invade Cuba.左邊漫畫表示的是古巴導(dǎo)彈危機中赫魯曉夫和美國總統(tǒng)肯尼迪的較量。The local hot wars 局域武裝沖突 Whats the local hot wars?the Korean War the Vietnam War the Afghanistan IssueThe Korean War (19501953) On 25 June 1950, the young Cold War（1945-1990）suddenly turned hot, bloody and expensive. Within a few days, North Ko

21、reas invasion to South Korea brought about a United Nations “police action” .That immediately produced heavy military involvement by the United States. So the Korean War began. This was the rough battle plan to the Communist NorthKorea.The operational tools wantonly invaded the Communist North Korea

22、 from all directions. Although the U.S.A didnt fail in battle,it was a fatal mistake during the Cold War.This event turned the U.S.A from a wonderful position to the opposite ,and it was also Americans Waterloo.The Vietnam War(19551975)The Afghanistan Issue(19791989)Soviet Union wanted to control the Indian Ocean through holding Afghanistan for reaching the goal of taking over the world.The End of the Cold WarThe economic collapse destorys the fragile political system of USSRIn 1991,the disintegrati