英譯漢層次句子翻譯PPT課件

1、1三大從句的翻譯方法三大從句的翻譯方法 名詞性從句 定語從句 狀語從句第1頁/共72頁2 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。 Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist. 一種生物究竟是植物還是動(dòng)物，有時(shí)候會(huì)使生物學(xué)家頗傷腦筋。第2頁/共72頁3 遇到以it做形式主語而將真正的主語置后的句型，翻譯時(shí)可采用分譯、合譯或插譯的方法。 It can be seen that

2、precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards. 可以看出，這4種煤的總含硫量僅靠預(yù)洗是不能降低到接近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的水平的。第3頁/共72頁4 It doesnt matter whether we start now or later. 我們現(xiàn)在開始還是以后開始都沒有關(guān)系。 It happened that I had bought the book. 我碰巧買了這本書。第4頁/共72頁5 I dont rememb

3、er whether I cried at that moment, but my sister did. 譯文一：當(dāng)時(shí)我究竟哭沒哭，我不記得了。但我妹妹的譯文一：當(dāng)時(shí)我究竟哭沒哭，我不記得了。但我妹妹的確哭了。確哭了。 譯文二：我不記得當(dāng)時(shí)我究竟哭沒哭，但我妹妹的確哭譯文二：我不記得當(dāng)時(shí)我究竟哭沒哭，但我妹妹的確哭了。了。 Your assumption, that things will improve, is unfounded. 譯文一：你的設(shè)想，認(rèn)為事情都會(huì)改進(jìn)，是沒有根據(jù)的。譯文一：你的設(shè)想，認(rèn)為事情都會(huì)改進(jìn)，是沒有根據(jù)的。 譯文二：你認(rèn)為事情都會(huì)改進(jìn)的設(shè)想是沒有根據(jù)的。譯文二：你

4、認(rèn)為事情都會(huì)改進(jìn)的設(shè)想是沒有根據(jù)的。 He is not who he was thought to be. 他不是人們過去所想的那種人。他不是人們過去所想的那種人。第5頁/共72頁6第6頁/共72頁7第7頁/共72頁8 第8頁/共72頁9 Try to translate: 他那富有感染力的笑聲他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。第9頁/共72頁10粗野的，無禮的急急捉住蛤蟆連續(xù)地輕咬第10頁/共72頁11 Try to translate:天文學(xué)的積極性；進(jìn)取心第11頁/共72頁12繼續(xù)第12頁/共72頁13 第13頁/共72頁14 Try to translate:余額第14頁/

5、共72頁15第15頁/共72頁16 Try to translate:拼命的；非常的第16頁/共72頁17可靠的；有根據(jù)的第17頁/共72頁18鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅叛亂第18頁/共72頁19神的；神圣的禮拜第19頁/共72頁20狀語從句狀語從句 狀語從句包括表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、目的等各種狀語從句包括表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、目的等各種從句，位置靈活，放在主句的前面、后面或中間都可以。從句，位置靈活，放在主句的前面、后面或中間都可以。 （1）時(shí)間狀語從句）時(shí)間狀語從句 When you apply for a job, you must present your resume. 譯文：當(dāng)你應(yīng)聘一

6、份工作時(shí)，必須提交簡歷。譯文：當(dāng)你應(yīng)聘一份工作時(shí)，必須提交簡歷。 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded. 譯文：麥克爾過去受到責(zé)難時(shí)，看起來又傷心又驚訝。譯文：麥克爾過去受到責(zé)難時(shí)，看起來又傷心又驚訝。第20頁/共72頁21 As soon as I have finished it, Ill give you a call. 譯文：譯文：我一做完就給你電話。（一就） Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 譯文：譯文：一直到你告訴我，我才知道發(fā)生了什么

7、事。（直到才）第21頁/共72頁22（2）原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句He threw off his coat because he felt hot.譯文：他覺得很熱，把上衣脫掉了。譯文：他覺得很熱，把上衣脫掉了。I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.譯文：我把那幅畫像擺在每天能看得見的地方，因?yàn)樗偸亲屛蚁肫鹪趥惗刈g文：我把那幅畫像擺在每天能看得見的地方，因?yàn)樗偸亲屛蚁肫鹪趥惗厣洗髮W(xué)的那些日子。上大學(xué)的那

8、些日子。第22頁/共72頁23（3）條件狀語從句）條件狀語從句You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.譯文：如果你不介意坐夜車的話，你可以早一點(diǎn)到北譯文：如果你不介意坐夜車的話，你可以早一點(diǎn)到北京去參加那次會(huì)議。京去參加那次會(huì)議。If I were you, I would not go.譯文：我要是你我就不去。譯文：我要是你我就不去。If punished, they will not cooperate.譯文：他們?nèi)绻艿綋p害，將不予合作。

9、譯文：他們?nèi)绻艿綋p害，將不予合作。第23頁/共72頁24 （4）讓步狀語從句）讓步狀語從句 Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, however much it costs. 譯文：已經(jīng)告訴過你了，不管花多少錢，我都打算買它。譯文：已經(jīng)告訴過你了，不管花多少錢，我都打算買它。 Even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. 譯文：

10、即使計(jì)算是正確的，科學(xué)家們也無法肯定他們已經(jīng)把所有的變量都包括譯文：即使計(jì)算是正確的，科學(xué)家們也無法肯定他們已經(jīng)把所有的變量都包括進(jìn)去并精確地模擬了它們。進(jìn)去并精確地模擬了它們。第24頁/共72頁25 （5）目的狀語從句）目的狀語從句 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment. 譯文：有人勸我投保，以防治病之需。譯文：有人勸我投保，以防治病之需。 I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to

11、go traveling. 譯文：我在找一份臨時(shí)工作，以便積攢些錢去旅游。譯文：我在找一份臨時(shí)工作，以便積攢些錢去旅游。第25頁/共72頁26 （6）其他狀語從句）其他狀語從句 They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning. 譯文：通常到了月底，他們的錢就比月初少了。譯文：通常到了月底，他們的錢就比月初少了。 In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes. 譯文：在一天的學(xué)習(xí)生活

12、中，學(xué)生所做的遠(yuǎn)不止聽課。譯文：在一天的學(xué)習(xí)生活中，學(xué)生所做的遠(yuǎn)不止聽課。 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. 譯文：周密的調(diào)查已經(jīng)表明：多達(dá)譯文：周密的調(diào)查已經(jīng)表明：多達(dá)50%的病人沒有按的病人沒有按照醫(yī)囑服藥。照醫(yī)囑服藥。第26頁/共72頁27 Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniqu

13、es but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences. That is to say, on the one hand, to achieve accurate comprehension a translator should take pains to decode the logical sequence of a long sentence in addition to its grammatical relation. on the other, to achieve

14、appropriate reproduction a translator should make no less efforts to rearrange various parts according to the Chinese way of thinking than to apply translation techniques.第27頁/共72頁281. Features of Long English SentencesThe basic structures of long English sentences are as follows: S+V, S+V+P, S+V+O,

15、 S+V+o+O, and S+V+O+C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join, directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words, phrases, or clauses as modifiers, to the mainstays of the basic structures. 第28頁/共72頁292. Features of Chinese Equivalents to Lon

16、g English SentencesWe Chinese like to build our sentences in chronological order (流水紀(jì)事法流水紀(jì)事法). In other words, we usually arrange our ideas according to temporal or logical sequences:earlier actions later actions 由先到后由先到后specific general 由具體到一般由具體到一般cause effect 由因到果由因到果phenomena nature 由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)

17、condition (concession) facts 由條件（讓步）由條件（讓步）到事實(shí)到事實(shí)facts conclusion由事實(shí)到結(jié)論由事實(shí)到結(jié)論第29頁/共72頁30 3. Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences (長句的常用譯法長句的常用譯法) The following are the major steps to translate a long sentences: Step 1 Find out the basic pattern (查明基本查明基本句型句型)：SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, SVOC? Step 2 Find

18、 out the subordination (查明從屬查明從屬結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))：modifier or the modified? Step 3 Find out the meanings of words (查查明詞義明詞義)：meaning in a given context?第30頁/共72頁31 Step 4 Find out the grammatical relations (查明語法關(guān)系查明語法關(guān)系)：tense, aspect, voice, mood, etc.? Step 5 Find out the focus, temporal or logical sequences

19、(查明重心，時(shí)間或邏輯順序查明重心，時(shí)間或邏輯順序) Step 6 (Re)arrange various parts according to Chinese ways of thinking and modes of expression (按照中國人的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，安按照中國人的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，安排或調(diào)整語序排或調(diào)整語序) Step 7 Revise, modify and polish the draft (修訂、潤飾初稿修訂、潤飾初稿)第31頁/共72頁32 第32頁/共72頁33 第33頁/共72頁34 Try to translate:刺激物；激勵(lì)第34頁/共72頁35

20、第35頁/共72頁36第36頁/共72頁37第37頁/共72頁38第38頁/共72頁39第39頁/共72頁40第40頁/共72頁41第41頁/共72頁42第42頁/共72頁43 Translate:第43頁/共72頁44第44頁/共72頁45第45頁/共72頁46第46頁/共72頁47第47頁/共72頁48 第48頁/共72頁49第49頁/共72頁50出貢獻(xiàn)。這就是我們的觀點(diǎn)。出貢獻(xiàn)。這就是我們的觀點(diǎn)。第50頁/共72頁51第51頁/共72頁52第52頁/共72頁53 第53頁/共72頁54gold is in astronauts suits. Astronauts wear gold -p

21、latedheat shields for protection outside the spaceship. Inconclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, butalso for its utility.有光澤的；燦爛的第54頁/共72頁55第55頁/共72頁56 第56頁/共72頁57 2 段落翻譯段落翻譯 It may be that I am a pessimist, for spring it is, not autumn, that makes me sad. Spring has always rightly b

22、een identified with youth, and the sorrows of youth are poignant and bitter. The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shriveled and defeated, limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time. The world is urgent with bursting life, with the wild exciting beauty of youth, but it is an impetuous beauty of scenes racing impatiently in to the florid and surfeited luxury of summer. Here is no comfort and ful