Book6_U1_語(yǔ)法 (2)

1、第 PAGE 4 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES 4 頁(yè) The Present Tenses 現(xiàn)在時(shí)I 現(xiàn)在時(shí)的一般用法 現(xiàn)在時(shí)包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，談?wù)摵湍壳坝嘘P(guān)的事情或問(wèn)題。時(shí) 態(tài)用 法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，也可以表示客觀真理，介紹故事梗概、劇情，用于新聞標(biāo)題。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：do, does, is, am, are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)贊賞或厭惡的感情色彩。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：am/is/are doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生地動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，或一直持續(xù)至今，也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：

2、have/ has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生地動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能還在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：have/ has been doingII 考點(diǎn)分類詳解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I get up at six oclock every morning. 我每天早上六點(diǎn)起床。（經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作）He is a student. 他是學(xué)生。（現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)）表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）The teacher t

3、old the students that the moon goes around the earth. 老師和學(xué)生說(shuō)月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。表示按時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, return, stop, open, close等），一般有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The train leaves at 4:30 p.m. 火車下午四點(diǎn)半離開(kāi)。The movie starts at 7:00, hurry up! 電影7點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，快點(diǎn)兒??！在以here或there開(kāi)頭的倒裝句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行

4、的動(dòng)作。Here comes the bus. 車來(lái)了。There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。I will tell him about this as soon as I see him. 我一見(jiàn)到他就會(huì)告訴他的。His daughter wont go to bed until she finishes her homework. 他女兒做完作業(yè)才會(huì)去睡覺(jué)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look, they are playing football. 看，他們正在踢足球。What are look

5、ing at now? 你在看什么？表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但不一定在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行），或表示正在發(fā)展、變化的情況。The population of the world is increasing. 世界人口在不斷增長(zhǎng)。The leaves are turning yellow. 樹(shù)葉變黃了。句中如果有always, all the time, constantly, forever等詞或詞組時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)描述一個(gè)頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于“老是”，表示說(shuō)話人的贊賞、責(zé)備、厭惡等情感。Hes always thinking of others. 他總是想著別人。（贊賞）Hes always w

6、orking hard. 他總是很用功。（贊賞）Shes forever criticizing me. 她老是批評(píng)我。（厭惡，反感）Youre always throwing things around. 你老是亂扔?xùn)|西。（責(zé)備）表示最近按計(jì)劃要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（只限于部分動(dòng)詞，如come , go, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear, take off等）， 一般和一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Professor Smith is coming to give us a speech next

7、 week. 史密斯教授下周來(lái)給我們做演講。Im leaving on Sunday. 我禮拜天就走了?！咀⒁狻?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的區(qū)別： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)是指按時(shí)刻表的，其動(dòng)作具有經(jīng)常性；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)就是指某一次，其動(dòng)作具有暫時(shí)性?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。注意句中沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I have seen the movie, so I know what it is about. 我看過(guò)這部電影了，我知道它關(guān)于什么的。Where have you put my bag? I cant find it now. 你把我的包放哪兒了? 我找不到了。

8、【比較】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，講述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如上文例句中看過(guò)電影對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響就是知道了情節(jié)，把包放在哪兒的影響就是找不到了。一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在過(guò)去發(fā)生地動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+一段時(shí)間，since+過(guò)去時(shí)間，so far, already, yet, just, these days, during/in the last/past few years/days, up to/till now等。Great chang

9、es have taken place in my hometown in the last few years.在過(guò)去的幾年中，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。I have studied English for 7 years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了7年英語(yǔ)了。I have lived in this city since I graduated from university. 自從我大學(xué)畢業(yè)我就住在這個(gè)城市。下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It/This/That is the first/second/third time that It/This/That is +最高級(jí)+名詞+that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Th

10、is is the third time that I have been here. 這是我第三次到這兒來(lái)。It is the best movie that I have seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，可能剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)。也可表示一直到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)和持續(xù)。We have been looking for you for an hour. 我們找了你一個(gè)小時(shí)了。She has been teaching English since she graduated. 她畢業(yè)后一直在教英語(yǔ)。Sh

11、es very tired for she has been cleaning the house all the morning. 她累了因?yàn)樗辉缟弦恢痹诖驋叻孔印he has been saying that twenty times. 這話她已經(jīng)說(shuō)了20遍了。（表示一種埋怨）注意區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成和對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)是動(dòng)作的反復(fù)和延續(xù)。比較：I have watered the flowers. 我已經(jīng)給花澆過(guò)水了。（澆了一次，現(xiàn)在花不干了） I have been watering the flowers. 我一直在給花澆水

12、。（可能現(xiàn)在還在澆水，強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)和持續(xù)）【相關(guān)練習(xí)】I Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the given words 1. All the time he _ (complain) about everything. I cant stand him. 2. My train _(leave) at 4 this afternoon. I have to get to the station by 3:30. 3. I feel sick now. I _ (read) books the whole afternoon. 4. You

13、 look frightened. What _ (happen) to you? 5. Here _ (come) the teacher. 6. This is the most interesting story that I _ (listen) to. 7. Technological developments in the past few decades _ (be) breathtaking. 8. I have to take a taxi to work. My car _ (repair) now. 9. This is the first time that I _ (

14、visit) the Great Wall. 10. He _ (tell) the same story eight times.II Multiple choiceThe father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 2. You _ me crazy! Turn off the TV, Mary. -Jane, I think you _ a walk in

15、the garden. A. are driving; need B. drove; needed C. have driven; are needing D. drive; are needed 3. Our library _ now and it will be put in use this fall. A. is built B. is being built C. is building D. has been built 4. My house _ twice this month. -Im sorry to hear that. A. has been broken into

16、B. was broken in C. has been broken in D. was broken into 5. With ticket prices rising, TV _ off as the typical way of watching a game for the young and old. A. has taken B. had taken C. was taken D. is taken 6. My friend, who_ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next mo

17、nth.(2006年浙江卷) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has been serving 7. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. (2006年福建卷) A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 8. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.(2006年全國(guó)卷I) A. hasnt lived B. di

18、dnt live C. hadnt live D. doesnt live9. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.（08年浙江卷）A. was tested. B. will be tested. C. is being tested. D. has been tested 10. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.（08年重慶卷）A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damag

19、ed D. will damage 11. Do you think we should accept that offer?- Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.（08年江西卷）A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run 12. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.（08年全國(guó)卷I）A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will