2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars學(xué)案必修3

1、PAGE PAGE 14Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars重點(diǎn)單詞分類識記單詞 eq avs4al(用時(shí)少功效高) 核心單詞記全記牢用準(zhǔn)用活1.atmosphere n.大氣層；氣氛2solar adj. 太陽的；日光的3thus adv. 因此；于是4gentle adj. 溫和的；文雅的5climate n. 氣候6crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；墜落7pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力8float vi.& vt. (使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度10theory n. 學(xué)說；理論11gr

2、avity n. 萬有引力；重力12satellite n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星 品句填詞1There are different theories(理論)related to changes in sea temperatures in the world.2(2019浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s and climate(氣候)change seems to be a major factor.3The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere(氣氛)where ever

3、ybody felt free to share his ideas.4We failed to find enough evidence，thus(因此)we concluded that he was innocent.5(2019全國卷)For the past two years，Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity(重力).拓展單詞1.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難 n謎；難題puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的2vio

4、lent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep.不同；不像like vt.喜歡prep.相像的likely adj.可能的4harmful adj.有害的harm n&v.傷害harmless adj.無害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6globe n球體；地球儀；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的8biology n生物學(xué)biologist n生物學(xué)家9reaction n反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)react v

5、反應(yīng)10physicist n物理學(xué)physics n物理 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(2020浙江卷7月)In the past，there was often an automatic reaction(react)to increased traffic: just widen the roads.2Now that we are all part of the global(globe)village，everyone becomes a neighbour.3There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzz

6、ling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)4In face of violence，people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)5As is known to us，everyone has his likes and dislikesMy little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)6He often says that he doesnt b

7、elieve in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion)閱讀單詞1.astronomy n. 天文學(xué) 2astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家 3billion pron.& n& adj. 英萬億；美十億 4carbon n. 碳 5acid n. 酸 6exhaust vt. 用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡7.dioxide n.二氧化物 8extinct adj. 滅絕的；絕種的 9lessen vi.& vt. 減少；減輕 10weightlessly adv. 失重地 11space

8、ship n. 宇宙飛船 12mammal n. 哺乳動(dòng)物 13.solar system太陽系 14carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 15fundamental adj. 基本的 16chain n. 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈 17multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加 18oxygen n. 氧 單元主題語塊背誦 eq avs4al(人與自然之太空探索) 1solar system 太陽系2launch a satellite 發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星3with the development of science and technology 隨著科技的發(fā)展4be sent into space

9、被發(fā)射到太空5be proud of the first spacemanYang Liwei 以第一位宇航員楊利偉而自豪6have access to space travel 能到太空旅行7return to the earth 返回地球8space exploration 太空探索9make a trip into the Mars 到火星上去旅游10make a successful landing on the moon 在月球上成功登陸11space suit 太空服12communication satellite 通訊衛(wèi)星13space travel 太空旅行14send a

10、spacecraft to the moon 向月球發(fā)射宇宙飛船harmful adj.有害的 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their study. eq x(再寫美) 一句多譯眾所周知，吃太多垃圾

11、食品對你的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health(harm)(1)be harmful to sb. /sth.對某人/某物有害(2)harm n& vt. 傷害；損害 eq blc rc(avs4alco1(do/cause harm to sb. ,do/cause sb. harm) 對某人有害Th

12、ere is no harm in doing. 做無害處(3)harmless adj.無害的；無辜的；讓某人心煩 eq o(的,sdo4(,) For the benefit of people，the local government closed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.為了人民的利益，當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)關(guān)閉了一些對環(huán)境有極大危害的工廠。exist vi.存在；生存 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have

13、 existing(exist)on the money he is earning.Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist).(2019北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing(exist)relationships. eq x(再寫美) 微寫作眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在代溝。As is known to u

14、s，there exists a generation gap between the young and the old(1)exist on 靠為生There exists. 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在(3)existing adj. (僅用于名詞前)目前的，現(xiàn)存 eq o(的,sdo4(,) The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.在我們學(xué)校，自行車的存放是一個(gè)長久以來就存在的問

15、題。exist是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空To be honest，I sometimes feel puzzled(puzzle)about my future career.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling(puzzle)question，she stood there with a surprised look on her face.Hearing the managers expla

16、nation，he had a puzzled(puzzle)expression on his face. eq x(再寫美) 微寫作這出戲最讓我困惑的是我們應(yīng)該如何為不同的角色使用適當(dāng)?shù)奈枧_語言。(2020全國卷滿分作文)What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件讓人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzle

17、d adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等詞，用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。單詞三維練 eq avs4al(多維度練技能) eq avs4al(詞性轉(zhuǎn)換) 用所給詞的正確形式填空，注意特殊詞形變換1(2020全國

18、卷)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally(globe).2(2019江蘇卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench，hands trembling as he gently(gentle)placed his fingers on the keys.3(2019江蘇卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(violence)far beyond the scale

19、of anything known to humans.4After hearing the news，he had a puzzled(puzzle)look on his face.5As secondhand smoking is harmful(harm)and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public. eq avs4al(動(dòng)詞形式變化) 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空，注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的形式變化1What puzzles(puzzle)me is why he has left the country witho

20、ut telling anyone.2The driver was driving when he lost control of the car by accident，crashing(crash)into a truck.3The plant，harmed(harm)by too much direct sunlight，has no chance of survival.4He lent a hand to us，which multiplied(multiply)our chances of success several times. eq avs4al(固定用法和搭配) 在空白處

21、填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1As is known to us，the Peoples Republic of China came into existence as an independent country in 1949.2A new hospital has been planned to be built here，and they are going to put down that old building.3The constitution，unlike other forms of laws，is fundamental to keeping our soci

22、al system working properly.短語和句式語境記憶短語 eq avs4al(不枯燥興趣高) 記全記牢用準(zhǔn)用活1.prevent.from. 阻止2lay eggs 下蛋3in ones turn 輪到某人；接著4get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解5watch out 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防6depend on 依靠7in time 及時(shí)；終于8give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩9cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮10now that 既然11break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)12block out 擋住(光線) 選用左欄短語填空1The terrible C

23、OVID19 broke out in January 2020 and then spread all over the world，killing more than 1 million people.2(2019全國卷)Born into a family of artists，I have got a hang of painting.3Watch out for a chance to get you promoted in the company or you will regret.4My sister gave birth to a healthy baby last nigh

24、t，which made all my family very happy.5The Kings will cut down the big tree，because it blocks out the sunlight.仿寫用活句式 eq avs4al(造佳句表達(dá)高) 單元句式會寫1句式：動(dòng)詞itadj./n.(賓補(bǔ))to do教材：This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。2句式：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)as.as.教材：But when I tried

25、 to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。3句式：now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句教材：“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed”“天哪，”我大聲說，“既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。”4句式：形容詞作伴隨狀語教材：We watched，ama

26、zed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起來。 單元主題佳句背誦太空探索1The development of science and technology will make it possible to know how the universe came into existence.科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展將使人們有可能弄清楚宇宙是如何形成的。2China recently have made several t

27、imes as many achievements in space exploration as those of one decade ago.中國最近在太空探索方面取得的成就是十年前的好幾倍。3Now that the world is still at the very beginning of its voyage into space，there are a lot waiting for us to get the hang of.既然這個(gè)世界依然只處于太空旅行的初級階段，仍有很多事情有待我們掌握。4Hungry and tired，he had to stop working.

28、由于又累又餓，他只好停止了工作。in time及時(shí)；終于；遲早 eq x(先練會) 用time的相關(guān)短語填空(2018全國卷書面表達(dá))Hopefully，you should come early in time for our activity.(2020浙江卷讀后續(xù)寫)Once the helicopter landed，we got onto it in no time，excited and relieved.(2020新高考山東卷讀后續(xù)寫) At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they n

29、eeded. eq x(再寫美) 句式升級In my view，you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.As far as Im concerned，at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒裝)in no time 立刻；馬上at no time 決不(位于句首時(shí)，句子須用部分倒裝)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度at the same time 同時(shí)from time to time 有時(shí)；偶

30、eq o(爾,sdo4(,) As the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”O(jiān)ur efforts will pay off in time.俗話說：“有志者，事竟成?！蔽覀兊呐t早會有回報(bào)的。in ones turn輪到某人；接著 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak.At the meeting they took turns to put(put)forward a number of suggestions aim

31、ing to promote the reform of education system. eq x(再寫美) 微寫作人們使用自己的小汽車避免公共交通延誤，反過來，這造成更多的問題。People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problemsin turn依次；輪流；反之；反過來by turns 輪流；交替地take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事It tu

32、rns/turned out that. 結(jié)果是 eq o(,sdo4(,) Now that we have finished designing，the company，in its turn，should do the constructing work.既然我們已經(jīng)完成了設(shè)計(jì)工作，該公司就該做建設(shè)工作了。cheer up感到高興；感到振奮；(使)高興；(使)振奮 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空Cheer Mary up，and things will work out for the best.They do this in order to encourage the crowds

33、 to cheer their sports team on eq x(再寫美) 詞匯升級When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.When Im feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me upcheer sb. up使某人振作起來cheer sb. on (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵(lì)；為某人加油cheer for 為而歡呼；給加 eq o(油,sdo4(,) I do hope she can cheer up and

34、 accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起來，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！句型公式：make itadj./n.for sb.to do(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空(2020江蘇卷)I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.I c

35、onsider it no use quarrelling(quarrel)with him about it. eq x(再寫美) 一句多譯新建的體育館足夠大，這使我們有可能參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)。 (2018全國卷滿分作文)The newlybuilt stadium is large enough，which makes it possible for us to take part in various activities(定語從句)The newlybuilt stadium is large enough，making it possible for us to take part

36、in various activities(分詞作狀語)(1)makeit形容詞/名詞to do sth.makeit形容詞/名詞that從句makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.(2)常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等 eq o(。,sdo4(,) Having watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chines

37、e food restaurant in New York.看了舌尖上的中國，你會更容易理解為什么他決定在紐約開一家中餐館來謀生。句型公式：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。 eq x(先練會) 單句語法填空The electronic waste stream is increasing three times fa

38、ster(fast)than traditional garbage as a whole.The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago. eq x(再寫美) 一句多譯在建的體育館是操場的兩倍大。(2018全國卷)The new stadium being built will be twice bigger than the playground.(than)The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the pla

39、yground.(as.as)The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)(1)Abe倍數(shù)asadj./adv.原級asB(2)Abe倍數(shù)adj./adv.比較級thanB(3)Abe倍數(shù)the名詞(size/weight/length.)ofB(4)Abe倍數(shù)what從句，表示“A是的多少倍 eq o(”,sdo4(,) The teaching building being built now is twice as high as that one.The teaching buil

40、ding which is being built now is twice higher than that one.The teaching building being built now is twice the height of that one.正在修建的教學(xué)樓是那個(gè)教學(xué)樓的兩倍高。短語句式二維練 eq avs4al(多維度練技能) eq avs4al(固定搭配和句式) 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1Little Alice who once was bitten by a snake looked at the snake，frightened(fright

41、en).2During those four years，he worked day and night，thus improving(improve)his theory gradually until it was complete.3Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4They want to make it clear to the public that the clean workers do an important and nec

42、essary job.5Li Hongs mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas，but it cost twice as much as his.6(2017全國卷滿分作文)I think it great fun to learn(learn)the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you. eq avs4al(補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換) 1我詳細(xì)地解釋這個(gè)過程的每一步，這讓他們理解如何泡茶成為可能。(2018北京卷滿分作文)I explained every step of the proce

43、ss in detail，which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea.2既然你精通英語，你就可以申請這份工作。Now that you have a good command of English，you can apply for the job.3我的父母一天天的變老，該輪到我開始照顧他們的時(shí)候了。My parents are getting older and older，so it is my turn to start looking after them.4互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明注定要改變我們相互交流的方式。Th

44、e invention of the Internet is to change the way we communicate with each other.5These travelers returned to the hotel.They are tired and sleepy.These travelers returned to the hotel，tired and sleepy(形容詞短語作狀語) eq avs4al(閱讀完形提分練詞義理解) 維度1生詞生義1(2020浙江卷7月完形)I ran desperately but failed to catch up.The t

45、ractor crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.vi.碰撞 2(2020江蘇卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.n.系統(tǒng) 3(2019江蘇卷)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3. n.哺乳動(dòng)物 維度2熟詞生義1(2020全國卷)Some parents will buy any