2022屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致專練講義

1、主 謂 一 致 專 練謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這被稱為主謂一致。但是如果主語不是單一的，或主語名詞的數(shù)比較特殊時，其主謂一致一般要根據(jù)語法一致遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和鄰近一致原則。一、語法一致原則一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of errors was surprising. 錯誤之多是驚人的。They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。 二、意義一致原則主、謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是

2、取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采用單數(shù)形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives. 這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的三年，仿佛是很長的時間。(一)謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況 1由and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。比較：The

3、 worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家來自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黃油面包是西方的日常飲食。2every.and (every).，each.and (each)., no.and (no)., many a.and (many a).連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子都是木頭做的。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海

4、。3one / every one / each / either / the numberof 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。 4clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水災(zāi)區(qū)急需

5、衣物。5以“s”結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱作主語。6表示時間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)二十年了。7由any， some， no和one, thing, body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 8非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. 他很喜歡集郵。9單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語。(二)謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1由and 連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Bo

6、th bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都已賣完了。2people, police, cattle 等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在尋找失蹤的孩子。3goods, stairs, arms 等名詞作主語。 4由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動會等“s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奧運(yùn)會每四年舉辦一次。5a number of / quantities of / a group

7、of 名詞作主語。(三)謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定1class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government等集體名詞作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指各個成員用復(fù)數(shù)。His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers. 他有個大家庭。/ 他的家人都喜歡音樂。2means (方法), works (工廠), pains (辛苦), series (系列), species (物種)等詞，根據(jù)主語表達(dá)

8、的概念而定。Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful. 并非每種方法都有效。/并非所有的方法都有效。3all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。All are present. / All the food tastes good. 所有人都在場。/這些東西嘗起來都很好。4“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分?jǐn)?shù)/ 百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞”作主語， 謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。H

9、alf of the students have finished their composition. / Half of the apple is bad. 一半學(xué)生完成了作文。/這蘋果一半都壞了。三、就近原則 謂語動詞根據(jù)和它最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。1由or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. 我和他都受邀請了。Neither the children nor the

10、 teacher knows anything about it. 學(xué)生和老師都對此一無所知。但注意“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than 名詞”置于主語后，謂語和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 學(xué)生們和一位老師在教室呢。2在由there或here引起的句子及倒裝句

11、中。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支筆和兩本書。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有兩本書，一些紙和一支鋼筆。基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1. Neither he nor I _ for the plan.A. were B. is C are D. am2. My family as well as I _ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am3. My father, together with some of hi

12、s old friends, _ there alreadyA. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been4.There are two roads and either _ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads5. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes6. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B.

13、 is C. are D. were7. Very few _ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows8. When and where this took place _ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. are9. I know that all _ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was10. The rest of the novel _ very interesting. A

14、. seem B. is C. are D. were11. Our family _ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school.A. was B. were C. is D. are13. More than one answer _ to the question.A. had given B. were given C. has been g

15、iven D. have been given14. The students in our school each _ an English dictionary.A. are having B. had C. has D. have15. The pair of shoes _ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was探究題1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B.

16、 are C. was D. were 2. One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn4. Listening t

17、o loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has . have5. Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read, of whose works, however, some_ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _

18、rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7. The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow

19、.A. are B. is C. have D. be9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 11.Peter

20、s jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his. -_ A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 12.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.A. were B. have been C. has beenD. was13.A survey of the opinions of experts

21、 _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are14.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been15.As a result of the serious flood, two

22、-thirds of the buildings in the area_A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair17.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided18. It is reported that

23、 the floods have left about_people homeless.A. two thousandB. two-thousandsC. two thousandsD. two thousands of19.She went to the bookstore and bought_.A. dozen booksB. dozens booksC. dozen of booksD. dozens of books20.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_used regularly. Now

24、 we have 60 working all day long.A .isB. are C. was D. were21. Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. is C. being D. to be22. A poet and artist_ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. areC. was D. were23. The fa

25、ther as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going24. There _ a knife and fork on the table.A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be25. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting tha

26、t is due tomorrow.Aare Bis Chave Dbe26.Several department stores, including the one we usually go to, _ sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.Ais having Bare havingChas Dhave had28.)Butter and bread _ their daily food, but the bread and the butter _ up now.Ais; is eatenBare; have been eat

27、enCare; are eatenDis; have been eaten29. An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer. Such _ the case with us at present.Aare; is Bhas been; has been Chave been; is Dis; are30.)Britain _ many other industrialized countries, _ major changes over the last 100 years. Atogether w

28、ith; have experienced Bas well as; have experiencedCin common with; has experiencedDinstead of; has experienced31. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _ for their sons bad behavior at school. Aare to blame Bis to be blamed Care to be blamed Dis to blame32.Wed like a double room, please.Im sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view _.Ahave been reserved Bhas been reservedCwere reserved Dhas reserved33.)So far