英文詞匯和語法講解

1、英文詞匯和語法講解Section APeriod 2 (3a-4c)Read the words and expressions loudly.the Himalayasthe Amazon Riverachievement n.southwestern adj.thick adj.include v.freezing adj.condition n.take in 喜馬拉雅山脈亞馬遜河成就；成績西南的；西南方向的厚的；濃的包括；包含凍冰的；結(jié)冰的條件；狀況吸入；吞入（體內(nèi)）succeed v.challenge v. n.in the face of achieve v.force n.na

2、ture n.even though ocean n. the Pacific Ocean實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)；成功挑戰(zhàn)；考驗(yàn)面對（問題、困難等）達(dá)到；完成；成功力；力量自然界；大自然=even if 即使；雖然大海；海洋太平洋 Free Talk Do you like mountain climbing? Do you know the most popular places to go for it?One of the most popular places to go for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.the Himalayas 在喜馬拉雅山脈之中，海

3、拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦馬峰、干城章嘉峰?！跋柴R拉雅”在藏語中就是“冰雪之鄉(xiāng)”的意思。這里終年冰雪覆蓋，一座座冰峰如倚天的寶劍，一條條冰川像蜿蜒的銀蛇。其中最為高聳的則是位于中國和尼泊爾邊界上的珠穆朗瑪峰，它以高達(dá)米的高度，是世界最高峰。 珠穆朗瑪峰(Qomolangma)，簡稱珠峰，又譯作圣母峰，尼泊爾稱為薩加馬塔峰，也叫“埃非勒斯峰”（Everest），位于中華人民共和國和尼泊爾交界的喜馬拉雅山脈之上，終年積雪。高度米，為世界第一高峰，中國最美的、令人震撼的十大名山之一。 珠峰所在的喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)原是一片海洋，在漫長的地質(zhì)年代，從陸

4、地上沖刷來大量的碎石和泥沙，堆積在喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)，形成了這里厚達(dá)3萬米以上的海相沉積巖層。以后，由于強(qiáng)烈的造山運(yùn)動(dòng)，使喜馬拉雅山地區(qū)受擠壓而猛烈抬升，據(jù)測算，平均每一萬年大約升高2030米，直至如今，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)仍處在不斷上升之中。 3aRead the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Spirit of climbersAchievements of climbersFacts and dangersMark True (T) or False (F).

5、 1. It is very dangerous to climb Qomolangma. 2. The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1955. 3. The first Chinese woman to succeed in 1960. 4. It shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.T F F T Ask and answer.1. What a mount

6、ain is Himalayas?2. Why is it dangerous to climb Qomolangma?3. When did the first Chinese reach the top of Qomolangma?3bRead the article again and complete the chart.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 13List four dangers for climbersList three achievementsList four comparisonsthick clouds1953-Tenzing N

7、orgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the topmost dangerous sportvery highit can snow harefreezing weather conditionsheavy stormsvery hard to breathe as you get near the top1960-The first Chinese team reached the top1975- Junko Tabei from Japan was the first woman to reach the topmost pop

8、ular place highestmost famousmore serious difficultiesstronger than the forces of natureRead the article and underline the words that show comparisons. the most dangerous, the most popular places, the highest and the most famous, more serious, stronger3cAnswer the questions using information from th

9、e article.1. Where are the Himalayas?2. How high is Qomolangma?The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us?Because they want t

10、o challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.The spirit of the climbers tells us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.1953年5月29日，34歲來自新西蘭的登山家埃德蒙希拉里（Edmund Hillary）作為英國登山隊(duì)隊(duì)員與39歲的尼泊爾向?qū)Уぴ鲋Z爾蓋Tenzing Norgay 一起沿東南山脊路線登上珠穆朗瑪峰，是紀(jì)錄上第一個(gè)登頂成功的登山隊(duì)伍。 1960年5月25日，中華人民共和國人首次登上珠穆朗瑪峰。他們是王富洲、

11、貢布（藏族）、屈銀華。此次攀登，也是首次從北坡攀登成功。 1960年，我國首次登上地球之顛的3名英雄。1975年5月16日，日本人田部井淳子的從南坡登上了珠峰。 1975年5月27日，中國登山隊(duì)的藏族女隊(duì)員潘多成為世界上第一個(gè)從北坡登上珠穆朗瑪峰的女性。 珠穆朗瑪峰，峰高勢偉，地理環(huán)境獨(dú)特，峰頂?shù)淖畹蜌鉁爻Ｄ暝诹阆?4。山上一些地方常年積雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到處可見。峰頂空氣稀薄，空氣的含氧量只有東部平原地區(qū)的四分之一，經(jīng)常刮七八級大風(fēng)。十二級大風(fēng)也不少見。風(fēng)吹積雪，四濺飛舞，彌漫天際。 2008年5月8日，中國登山隊(duì)圣火傳遞珠穆朗瑪峰突擊隊(duì)員，成功地把圣火從8300米突擊隊(duì)營地傳遞到了

12、珠穆朗瑪峰峰頂，創(chuàng)造了人類奧運(yùn)歷史上的奇跡。 It is meters high (long, wide). 它米高（長,寬) 英語表示“有多長（寬，高）”時(shí)，一般將數(shù)詞和數(shù)量單位放在表示長、寬、高的形容詞前作狀語。Language points例如：The maintain is more than three thousand meters high. 這座山高三千多米。It is only 380,000 kilometers away. 它離我們只有三十八萬公里。The Green Great Wall is 7,000 kilometers long. 這座綠色長城長7,000公里。

13、freezing adj.凍結(jié)的; 冰凍的; 極冷的Its freezing outside now. 現(xiàn)在外面冷極了。Its very cold today, the temperature has dropped to freezing point. 今天很冷, 溫度降到了冰點(diǎn)。 freeze v. 凍結(jié)；冷凍；僵硬；凝固Water freezes at the temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. 水在攝氏零度結(jié)冰。 We ate some of the fruits and froze the rest. 我們吃了一些水果,把剩下的冷藏起來。知識拓展fro

14、zen既是freeze的過去分詞形式，也可用作形容詞，表示“冷凍的”。 These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 這些冷凍食品是最為方便。應(yīng)用英譯漢 above / over freezing 零度以上 freezing weather 很冷的天氣 be frozen to death 被凍死 give sb. a freezing cold 冷冷地看某人一眼 freezing machine 制冷機(jī) frozen meat 凍肉 Im frozen, so I cant write. 我凍壞了，不能寫東西了。 Im freezing

15、, so Ive to put on a heavy coat. 我覺得冷極了，我得穿件厚大衣。 thick adj.1. 濃的, 濃厚的; 粘稠的; 混濁的It is dangerous to drive in a thick fog. 在濃霧天駕車很危險(xiǎn)。2. 厚的; 粗的How thick is the board? 這塊木板有多厚?4aFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.bigmuchpopularlongoldhigh1. The Amazon River is one of the _

16、rivers in the world.Its a little _ than the Yangtze River.2. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters _. Its one of the most _ places for serious mountain climbers.longestlongerhighpopular3. No ocean in the world is as _ as the Pacific Ocean.4. Although Japan is _ than Canada, it is _ smaller.bigmuchpopularlon

17、goldhighbigoldermuch形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 大多數(shù)形容詞有三個(gè)級。 原級: 常用結(jié)構(gòu)as . as . 像一樣 Zhang Hong is as tall as Tom. 張紅和湯姆一樣高。 2) 比較級 (用于兩者之間的比較)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞比較級than . He is taller than I. 他比我高。 Grammar 3) 最高級(用于三者或三者以上的比較),常用結(jié)構(gòu): the + 形容詞的最高級of / in . He is the tallest of the three. 他是這三個(gè)人中最高的。 He is the funniest in his

18、class. 他是他們班最有趣的。 2. 形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。 規(guī)則變化 1) 一般情況下，單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞（或副詞）比較級er ， 最高級est 如： clevercleverercleverest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest等。 2) 以e結(jié)尾的詞，比較級r，最高級st 即可。 如：nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest 3) 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為ier或est 如: easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest 再

19、如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。 4) 雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母er 或 est的詞,同學(xué)要用心去記。 fatfatterfattest thinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest redredderreddest wetwetterwettest bigbiggerbiggest 5) 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的詞需要在形容詞原級前more構(gòu)成比較級，the most構(gòu)成最高級。如： beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful 又如: delicious, popular, import

20、ant, interesting, expensive, creative雙音節(jié)的詞如: careful more careful the most careful useful more useful the most useful 少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也是這樣，如： pleased more pleased the most pleased tiredmore tired the most tired b) 不規(guī)則變化： good better best well better best badworse worst many, much more most far farther farthes

21、t (距離遠(yuǎn)) far further furthest (程度深) old elder eldest (長幼) old older oldest (年齡) Choose the best answer.1. My brother is _ more outgoing than me. A. many B. little C. much2. October 12th was one of _ days in 2005. Shenzhou-VI was launched (發(fā)射） successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exc

22、iting3. Which city is _, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful4. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be. A. The less, the better B. Fewer, richer C. The fewer, the better5. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before. A. c

23、heap B. cheaper C. the cheapest6. In our city, its _ in July, but its even _ in August. A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hot, hotter7. Of the two skirts, the pink one is _. A. the nicest B. the nicer C. nicer8. Jacks handwriting is as _ as Mikes. A. good B. better C. best9. We can do the work bette

24、r with _ money and _ people. A. little, few B. less, fewer C. fewer, less10. Jim is the tallest student in our class and Tom is the second _ one. A. tall B. taller C. tallest4bWrite two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts.e.g. Two river: _ and _Two cities: _ and _1. _2. _the Yangtze River

25、the Amazon RiverThe Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China. Singapore Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur is as modern as Singapore.Singapore is bigger than Kuala Lumpur and has a larger population than Kuala Lumpur.Two animals: _ and _1. _2. _Monkey DogA dog is bigger than a monkey.A monkey is smaller than a dog, but it climbs a tree faster