歐洲麻疹疫情

1、第 PAGE6 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES6 頁(yè)歐洲麻疹疫情歐洲的麻疹疫情? 歐洲的麻疹疫情截至2022年4月18日，歐洲33個(gè)國(guó)家已報(bào)告6500多例麻疹病例。流行病學(xué)調(diào)查和基因型分型均已確認(rèn)在這一區(qū)域多個(gè)國(guó)家和美洲有麻疹病毒傳播。與2022年全年報(bào)告的40例病例相比，比利時(shí)_至今已報(bào)告100例病例。與2022年和2022年的24000病例相比，保加利亞_今年已報(bào)告131例。與2022年全年報(bào)告的5090例病例相比，法國(guó)_從2022年1月至3月已報(bào)告4937例病例。塞爾維亞_，東南部的萊斯科瓦茨已報(bào)告了將近300例病例。自2022年10月以來，西班牙_已報(bào)告了兩起目前仍在進(jìn)展中的麻疹病例疫情，安

2、達(dá)盧西亞已報(bào)告600多名病例。在首次疫情中，塞維利亞及其周邊城市是受影響最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，自2022年1月以來，已報(bào)告350多例麻疹病例。報(bào)告的麻疹病例中也包括衛(wèi)生保健工作者。第二次麻疹疫情由格拉納達(dá)省報(bào)告發(fā)生，自2022年10月以來，那里已報(bào)告約250例病例。自2022年9月麻疹疫情開始以來，截至2022年4月的第1周，前南斯拉夫的馬其頓共和國(guó)_已報(bào)告636例麻疹病例，其中400多例于2022年得以診斷。首都斯科普里是受疫情影響最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。土耳其_伊斯坦布爾報(bào)告了一起疫情，2022年1月份，那里共有80多例病例。除西班牙第二次疫情和土耳其的疫情之外，所有這些疫情中均確認(rèn)為D4基因型麻疹病毒。西

3、班牙第二次麻疹疫情的病例中分離出B3基因型麻疹病毒，而于并常見于東南亞（如馬來西亞和印度尼西亞）的D9型被確認(rèn)是引起2022年1月土耳其伊斯坦布爾麻疹疫情的病毒類型另外，德國(guó)_、荷蘭_、挪威_、羅馬尼亞_、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦_、瑞士_和英國(guó)_今年也都報(bào)告了疫情和病例數(shù)字的不斷增長(zhǎng)。旅行會(huì)提高麻疹病毒暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如果未能及時(shí)接種，還會(huì)進(jìn)一步傳播給易感人群。為預(yù)防進(jìn)一步傳播，世衛(wèi)組織鼓勵(lì)衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)做出宣傳，使人們?cè)诼眯星矮@得免疫接種，并根據(jù)現(xiàn)有國(guó)家免疫接種計(jì)劃，通過衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的免疫接種服務(wù)提供免疫。世衛(wèi)組織建議為全部?jī)和⑸鋬蓜┞檎钜呙纾嗌倌旰统扇嗽诓淮_定其免疫狀態(tài)的情況下應(yīng)在國(guó)際旅行前至少接種一劑疫苗。Me

4、asles outbreaks in EuropeAs of 18 April 2022, 33 countries in Europe have reported more than 6 500 measles cases.Epidemiological investigations and genotyping have confirmed transmission of measles virus among several countries in the Region and to the Americas.Belgium_has reported 100 cases to date

5、, pared to 40 cases in all of 2022.Bulgaria_has reported 131 cases this year, pared to 24 000 cases in 2022-10.France_reported 4 937 cases from January to March 2022, pared to 5 090 cases reported in all of 2022.In Serbia_, nearly 300 cases have been reported from Leskovac in the southeastern part o

6、f the country.Spain_has reported two ongoing measles outbreaks since October 2022, with more than 600 cases reported in Andalusia.In the first outbreak, the most affected areas are Sevilla and surrounding municipalities, where more than 350 measles cases have been reported since January 2022.Cases o

7、f measles are reported among healthcare workers as well.The second outbreak was reported in the province of Granada, where about 250 cases have been reported since October 2022.Since the beginning of a measles outbreak in September 2022, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia_has reported 636 cas

8、es as of the first week of April 2022, with more than 400 cases diagnosed in 2022.The national capital, Skopje, has been most affected by the outbreak.Turkey_reported an outbreak in Istanbul with more than 80 cases in January 2022.In all the outbreaks e_cept for the second outbreak in Spain and the

9、outbreak in Turkey, the D4 genotype of measles virus has been confirmed.The B3 genotype of measles virus was isolated from cases in the second measles outbreak in Spain, while the D9 genotype, originating from and mon in south-east Asia (e.g.Malaysia and Indonesia) was confirmed to have caused the o

10、utbreak in Istanbul, Turkey in January 2022.In addition, this year, there have been outbreaks and an increase in the number of cases reported in Germany_, the herlands_, Norway_, Romania_, Russian Federation_, Switzerland_and the United Kingdom_.Travel increases the risk for e_posure to measles viru

11、s and its further spread into susceptible populations if not vaccinated.To prevent further spread, WHO encourages health authorities to advocate for immunization before travel and to provide immunizations through health systems immunization services according to e_isting national immunization schedules.WHO remends two doses of measles vaccine for all children and at l