中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)---句子種類和成分

1、句子種類和成分一般疑問(wèn)句1把 be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首。2直接用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答。3如果提問(wèn)人對(duì)答案沒(méi)有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定詞。如：Are there any trees in the garden？院子里有樹嗎？如果提問(wèn)人希望得到肯定的回答，則句中常用肯定詞。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句是用疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞提問(wèn)的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答，而是根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行回答。1疑問(wèn)詞作句子的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或修飾這三種成分時(shí)，用“疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：How did you come her

2、e？你怎么來(lái)這里的？2疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Whose father works in Shanghai?誰(shuí)的父親在上海工作？3特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：when, where, what, who, whom, whose, which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often, how old 等。選擇疑問(wèn)句由“一般疑問(wèn)句or供選擇的部分”構(gòu)成，不能用 yes或 no 來(lái)回答。如：Is it the name of a book or a movie?它是一本書還是一部電影的名字？Its the name of a b

3、ook.它是一本書的名字。反意疑問(wèn)句1構(gòu)成：陳述句簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句遵循原則：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)與陳述句的主語(yǔ)保持一致，且只能用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞(there 除外)。簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也與陳述句的謂語(yǔ)保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用縮寫。如：Your brother went home, didnt he?你哥哥回家了，是嗎？There are many flowers in the box, arent there?盒子里有很多花，是嗎？2陳述句用“Im.”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句一般用“arent I”。3陳述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing,

4、nobody, hardly等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用肯定形式。如：There is little milk in the bottle, is there?瓶子里沒(méi)多少牛奶了，是嗎？4陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞 nothing, something, anything 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用代詞 it；陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞 everyone, noone, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)常用代詞 they，有時(shí)也用 he。5陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞 this 或 that 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用 it；陳述句的主語(yǔ)是 these 或 th

5、ose 時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they。6陳述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, suppose.)賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如I dont think he is right, is he?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是吧？7陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must ，表示猜測(cè)“一定是；必定”時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分與 must 后面的部分保持一致，不能用mustnt ；當(dāng) must 表示“一定要；必須”時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分用neednt。如：You must be a lawyer, arent you?你一定是個(gè)律師，是不是？He must retu

6、rn tomorrow, neednt he?他明天必須回去，是不是？We mustnt speak loudly in the library, must we?我們不應(yīng)該在圖書館大聲喧嘩，對(duì)不對(duì)？8祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句肯定祈使句，will you/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets.，shall we？(包括對(duì)方)Let us.，will you？(不包括對(duì)方)9感嘆句的反意疑問(wèn)句一律用否定式，并用 be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：What a fine day, isnt it？多好的天氣呀，不是嗎？10對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句作答時(shí)，需根據(jù)其實(shí)際情況而定。實(shí)際情況是肯定的，則用“Y

7、es肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”；實(shí)際情況是否定的，則用“No否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：You wont go there, will you?你不會(huì)去那里，對(duì)嗎？Yes, I will.不，我會(huì)去。祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、請(qǐng)求、叮囑或建議，主語(yǔ)通常省略。肯定式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，否定式用“Dont (Never) 動(dòng)詞原形” 。如：Turn on the light.開燈。Dont turn on the light.不要開燈。感嘆句感嘆句通常用 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的感情。感嘆句的基本句型有：1以 how 開頭的感嘆句(1)How形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) How high the building is

8、! 這樓真高！(2)How形容詞/副詞(省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)) How interesting (it is)！真有趣！(3)how 還可修飾動(dòng)詞，句型是“How主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”。如：How they need a good teacher!他們是多么需要一位好老師呀！2以 what 開頭的感嘆句(1)What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))What a beautiful flower it is！多美麗的一朵花?。?What fine weather！多好的天氣！(2)What (a/an)名詞(省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)) What a pity！真遺憾！句子成分句子的成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)

9、、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)下表：句子成分 構(gòu)成 例句主語(yǔ) 名詞、主格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等That man looks strange.那個(gè)人看起來(lái)很奇怪。謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞，一般位于主語(yǔ)之后 He puts the book on the table.他把書放在桌上。賓語(yǔ) 名詞、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等 waited for the bus for half an hour.我等公交車等了半小時(shí)。表語(yǔ) 在連系動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等 The weather is wet in the southern part.在南部，氣候潮濕。定語(yǔ) 形容詞、

10、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等 The boy in blue is Tom.穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩是湯姆。狀語(yǔ) 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等 The girl lives in America.這個(gè)女孩住在美國(guó)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、分詞等 We found him alone by thelake.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他獨(dú)自一人在湖邊。同位語(yǔ) 名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句 We Chinese wont give in to difficulties.我們中國(guó)人不會(huì)向困難低頭。)1.You havent been to the West Lake, hav

11、e you?_.But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.ANo, I havent BNo, I didnt CYes, I have Dyes, I did)2. _ delicious food my mother cooks every day!AWhat a BWhat CHow)3. _ interesting book it is!A.How B.What CWhat an DHow a)4.Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning. Dont be late,

12、_？ _.Ill be there on time.Awont you; Yes, I will Bwill you; Yes, I willCwill you; No, I wont Dwont you; No, I wont)5.Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, _？No. She got up too late.A. had she Bhadnt she Cdid she Ddidnt she)6. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. Shes f

13、rom Ame-rica, _？A. has she Bisnt she Chasnt she Ddoes she)7.There is something wrong with your bike, _？Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.A. isnt it; mend Bisnt there; mendedCisnt it; mended Disnt there; mend)8._ good time we had at the party last night!Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would never forget

14、it.A. What; so BHow; such CWhat a; such an DHow a; so an)9. _ cute the monkeys are when they ask for food!A. How BWhat CWhat a)10._ is the history of Tsinghua University?100 years.A. How soon BHow long CHow far)11. The students in Class Two played basketball against Class One yesterday, _？ A. did th

15、ey Bdidnt they Cwerent they)12. Lets go to the cinema to see a film, _？A. will you Bshall we Cwont you Ddont you)13.Peter, _ do you visit your grandparents?Twice a month.A. how long Bhow soon Chow far Dhow often)14._ delicious beef!Well. You can eat more if you like it.A. What BWhat a CHow DHow a)15

16、. Dont open the door, _？A. arent you Bdont you Cwill you)16. The boy has a new MP4, _？A. doesnt he Bisnt he Cdoes he Dis he)17._ will you come back?In an hour.A. How soon BHow often CHow far DHow long)18.Lets go to the zoo by taxi, _?Maybe we can go there _.Its not far.A. wont you; on foot Bwont you; by footCshall we; by foot D shall we; on foot)19. _ sad w