電大職業(yè)技能實訓平臺化工單元操作技術試題題庫及答案

1、化工單元操作技術1、小批量、多品種的精細化學品生產(chǎn)適用于( )過程。間歇操作2、催化劑按形態(tài)可分為( )。 固態(tài)液態(tài)氣態(tài)3、氯乙烯聚合只能通過( ) 自由基聚合4、透平式壓縮機屬于( )壓縮機。離心式5、釜式反應器的換熱方式有夾套式、蛇管式、回流冷凝式和( )。外循環(huán)式6、催化劑中毒有( )兩種情況。.暫時性和永久性7、裂解乙烯過程正確的操作條件是( )。 高溫、高壓、短時間8、CH4+H20=CO+3H：+Q達到平衡時，升高溫度化學平衡向( )移動。 正反應方向9、對屬于易燃易爆性質(zhì)的壓縮氣體，在啟動往復式壓縮機前，應該采用( )將缸內(nèi)、管路和附屬容器內(nèi)的空氣或其他非工作介質(zhì)置換干凈，并達到

2、合格標準，以杜絕爆炸和設備事故的發(fā)生。氮氣10、工業(yè)上固體催化劑是由( )組成的。 活性組分、助催化劑和載體11、俗稱“人造羊毛”的聚丙烯腈纖維（即腈綸）的縮寫代號是( )。PAN12、薄層固定床反應器主要用于( )。 快速反應13、任何牌號的聚丙烯必須要加的穩(wěn)定劑是( )。 鹵素吸收劑14、氣固相催化反應器分為固定床反應器和( )反應器。 流化床15、平推流的特征是( )。 流體物料的濃度和溫度在與流動方向垂直的截面上處處相等，不隨時間變化16、乙炔與氯化氫加成生產(chǎn)氯乙烯，通人反應器的原料乙炔量為1000kg/h，出反應器的產(chǎn)物組成中乙炔含量為300kg/h，已知按乙炔計生成氯乙烯的選擇性為

3、90%，則按乙炔計氯乙烯的收率為( )。 63%17、化學反應熱不僅與化學反應有關，而且與( )。與以上三種情況都有關1 18、間歇式反應器出料組成與反應器內(nèi)物料的最終組成( )。相同 19、熔融指數(shù)與相對分子質(zhì)量的關系是( )。 熔融指數(shù)高，分子量低20、對于純物質(zhì)來說，在一定壓力下，它的泡點溫度和露點溫度的關系是( )。相同21、化工生產(chǎn)過程是指從原料出發(fā)，完成某一化工產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的全過程，其核心縣口( )。工藝過程22、一個反應過程在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中采用什么反應器并無嚴格規(guī)定，但首先以滿足( )為主。工藝要求23、以高聚物為基礎，加入某些助劑和填料混煉而成的可塑性材料，主要用作結構材料，該材料稱為

4、( )。塑料24、工業(yè)反應器的設計評價指標有轉化率、選擇性、( )。 收率25、間歇反應器是( )。一次加料，一次出料26、單位質(zhì)量的某物質(zhì)溫度升高或降低1K時，所吸收或放出的熱量稱這種物質(zhì)的( )。比熱 27、反應物流經(jīng)床層時，單位質(zhì)量催化劑在單位時間內(nèi)所獲得的目的產(chǎn)物量稱為( )。 催化劑空時收率28、合成氨生產(chǎn)的特點是( )、易燃易爆、有毒有害。 高溫高壓29、化工過程一般不包含( )。 原料準備過程30、化工工藝的主要工藝影響因素有( )。 溫度、壓力、流量、空速、停留時間和濃度等31、下列敘述中不是催化劑特征的是( )。催化劑的存在能提高化學反應熱的利用率32、在乙烷裂解制乙烯過程中

5、，投入反應器的乙烷量為5000kg/h，裂解氣中含有未反應的乙烷量為l000kg/h，獲得的乙烯量為3400kg/h，乙烷的轉化率為( )。 8033、相變潛熱是指( )。 物質(zhì)發(fā)生相變時吸收的熱量或釋放的熱量34、合成樹脂原料中，一般都含有一定量的抗氧劑，其目的是( )。為了便于保存35、在典型反應器中，釜式反應器是按照( )的。 反應器結構分類36、離心泵發(fā)生抽空、無流量的原因可能有( )。 啟動時泵內(nèi)未灌滿液體 泵軸反向轉動 吸人管路堵塞或儀表漏氣 泵內(nèi)漏進氣體 吸入容器內(nèi)液面過低 底閥漏液 你認為可能的是( )。全都是37、通風機日常維護保養(yǎng)要求做到( )。 以上三種要求38、轉化率Z

6、選擇性x與單程收率s的關系是：( )。S=ZX39、基本化工生產(chǎn)過程中不包括的任務是( ) 研究安全與環(huán)保40、在化工生產(chǎn)過程中常涉及的基本規(guī)律有( )。 物料衡算、熱量衡算、平衡關系和過程速率41、在金屬固體中，熱傳導是由( )引起的。 自由電子運動42、評價催化劑的指標主要有：比表面和內(nèi)表面利用率、孔隙率和堆積密度、( )、機械強度等?；钚詼囟确秶?3、加氫反應催化劑的活性組分是( )。單質(zhì)金屬44、裂解氣中酸性氣體的脫除通常采用乙醇胺法和堿洗法，兩者比較( )。乙醇胺法中乙醇胺可回收重復利用 45、溫度對流體的黏度有一定的影響，當溫度升高時，( )。液體的粘度降低、而氣體的粘度升高(46

7、、催化劑具有( )的特性。改變反應速度47、加熱過程在200以下用的熱源一般是( )。低壓蒸汽48、攪拌釜式反應器應用范圍廣，但基本上不用于氣一液一固三相反應。49、升高反應溫度，有利于放熱反應。50、提高反應溫度，對所有反應均可提高反應速度。51、管式反應器亦可進行間歇或連續(xù)操作。52、蒸發(fā)操作是溶劑從液相轉移到氣相的過程，故屬傳質(zhì)過程。53、離心壓縮機的“喘振”現(xiàn)象是由于進氣量超過上限所引起的。54、壓強就是壓力。55、化工原料的組成和性質(zhì)對加工過程沒有影響。56、化工生產(chǎn)中，一般收率越高，轉化率越高。57、離心泵停車時，先關閉泵的出口閥門，避免壓出管內(nèi)的液體倒流。58、能加快反應速度的催

8、化劑為正催化劑。59、化工生產(chǎn)的目的就是為了得到成品。60、油品越重，自燃點越高。61、聚合反應中，氮氣常用于置換反應裝置和輸送催化劑等多種用途。62、提高蒸發(fā)器的蒸發(fā)能力，其主要途經(jīng)是提高傳熱系數(shù)。63、利用電力來分離非均相物系，可以徹底將非均相物系分離干凈。64、飽和蒸氣壓越大的液體越難揮發(fā)。65、固體物質(zhì)的粉碎及物料的攪拌不屬于化工單元操作過程。66、當離心泵發(fā)生氣縛或汽蝕現(xiàn)象時，處理的方法均相同。67、含碳、氫的化合物往往都是有機化合物，而尿素的分子式為CO(NH2)2，所以尿素生產(chǎn)屬于有機化工。68、蒸發(fā)過程中操作壓力增加，則溶質(zhì)的沸點提高。69、催化劑中毒后經(jīng)適當處理可使催化劑的活

9、性恢復，這種中毒稱為暫時性中毒。70、提高換熱器的傳熱系數(shù)，能夠有效地提高傳熱速率。71、氨合成催化劑在使用前必須經(jīng)還原，而一經(jīng)還原后，以后即不必再作處理，直到達到催化劑的使用壽命。72、間歇反應器由于劇烈攪拌、混合，反應器內(nèi)有效空間中各位置的物料溫度、濃度均相同。73、轉化率是指理論原料用量與實際原料用量的比值。74、工業(yè)反應器按換熱方式可分為等溫反應器、絕熱反應器、非等溫非絕熱反應器等。75、壓縮機的壓縮比是指Pl/P2，即進口壓力與出口壓力之比。76、一定條件下，乙烷裂解生產(chǎn)乙烯，通入反應器的乙烷為5000kg/h，裂解氣中含乙烯為1500kg/h，則乙烯的收率為30%。77、油品組分越

10、輕，其蒸氣壓越高。78、ABS、SAN、HIPS都是苯乙烯系列合成樹脂。79、對于一個反應體系，轉化率越高，則目的產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)量就越大。80、化工工藝是指根據(jù)技術上先進、經(jīng)濟上合理的原則來研究各種化工原材料、半成品和成品的加工方法及過程的科學。81、板框壓濾機的濾板和濾框可根據(jù)生產(chǎn)要求進行任意排列。82、揚程為20m的離心泵，不能把水輸送到20m的高度。83、絕熱式固定床反應器適合熱效應不大的反應，反應過程無需換熱。84、魯姆斯裂解乙烯裝置急冷系統(tǒng)采用先水冷后油冷。85、離心泵在低于最小流量狀態(tài)下運行，會造成泵體的振動。86、熱負荷是指換熱器本身具有的換熱能力。87、傳熱速率是指生產(chǎn)上要求換熱器在

11、單位時間所具有的換熱能力。88、當泵由于過負荷而跳閘時，應查找原因，消除后電器復位重新啟動泵。89、原料消耗定額的高低，可以說明生產(chǎn)水平的高低和操作技術水平的好壞。90、在普鈣生產(chǎn)中，濃硫酸稀釋后冷卻時常用石墨冷卻器，這是因為石墨的傳熱系數(shù)比一般金屬材料如碳鋼的大。91、乙烯、丙烯屬于有機化工基本化工原料。92、離心式壓縮機氣量調(diào)節(jié)的常用方法是調(diào)節(jié)出口閥的開度。93、化工工藝的特點是生產(chǎn)過程綜合化、裝置規(guī)模大型化和產(chǎn)品精細化。94、在物質(zhì)的三種聚集狀態(tài)中，液體分子的間距一定大于固體分子的間距。95、靜力學基本方程式，只適用于連通著的同一流體中. 96、任何一個化工生產(chǎn)過程都是由一系列的化學反應

12、操作和一系列物理操作構成。97、提高傳熱速率最有效的途徑是提高傳熱溫度差。98、非均相反應器可分為氣固相反應器、氣液相反應器。99、在減壓精餾過程中，可提高溶液的沸點100、間歇反應器的一個生產(chǎn)周期應包括：反應時間、加料時間、出料時間、加熱（或冷卻）時間、清洗時間等。111、設備的生產(chǎn)強度越高，則該設備的生產(chǎn)能力就越大。也可說設備的生產(chǎn)能力越大，則該設備的生產(chǎn)強度就越高。112、生產(chǎn)合成氨、甲醛、丙烯腈等反應器屬于固定床反應器。113、在一般過濾操作中，實際上起主要介質(zhì)作用的是濾餅層而不是過濾介質(zhì)本身。114、提高傳熱速率的最有效途徑是提高傳熱面積。115、往復泵在啟動前必須打開旁通閥，運轉正

13、常后再用出口閥調(diào)節(jié)流量。116、在一定接觸時間內(nèi)，一定反應溫度和反應物配比下，主反應的轉化率愈高，說明催化劑的活性愈好。117、暫時性中毒對催化劑不會有任何影響。118、催化劑的組成中，活性組分就是含量最大的成分。119、自發(fā)過程一定是不可逆的，所以不可逆過程一定是自發(fā)的。120、輸送液體的密度越大，泵的揚程越小。121、在同一溫度和壓力下，某物質(zhì)的摩爾熔化焓與摩爾凝固焓在數(shù)值上相等，而符號相反。122、管式反應器的優(yōu)點是減小返混和控制反應時間。123、在運轉過程中，滾動軸承的溫度一般不應大于65。124、無論是暫時性中毒后的再生，還是高溫燒積炭后的再生，均不會引起固體催化劑結構的損傷，活性也

14、不會下降。125、選擇性越高，則收率越高。126、對氣固催化反應，工業(yè)上為了減小系統(tǒng)阻力，常常都采用較低的操作氣速。127、汽蝕現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因是啟動前泵內(nèi)沒有裝滿液體。128、離心分離因數(shù)越大，其分離能力越強。129、往復式真空泵的軸封用來密封汽缸與活塞桿之間的間隙。130、催化劑在反應器內(nèi)升溫還原時，必須控制好升溫速度、活化溫度與活化時間，活化溫度不得高于催化劑活性溫度上限。131、石油中有部分烴的相A分子質(zhì)量很大，所以，石油化工為高分子化工。132、消耗定額越高，生產(chǎn)過程的經(jīng)濟效益越高。133、空速大，接觸時間短；空速小，接觸時間長。134、影響化工反應過程的主要因素有原料的組成和性質(zhì)、催

15、化劑性能、工藝條件和設備結構等。請您務必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O萬分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta

16、has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting t

17、heir passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of

18、traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is

19、 aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During

20、his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, acco

21、rding to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali r

22、emains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isn

23、t just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily

24、flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious s

25、ites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embas

26、sy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for

27、Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud

28、, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spi

29、ces, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a

30、history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chine

31、se traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when

32、 the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popu

33、lar stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the

34、 West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young pa

35、rents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means

36、of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no le

37、ss than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru s

38、afari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Tw

39、o unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about

40、 wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to

41、 restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry

42、about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by

43、 the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery a

44、nd damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a r

45、esponsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European

46、 Commission President Jean-Claude Junckers plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the European Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain its integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly

47、 valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it in a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation.請您務必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O萬分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大

48、全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Ch

49、inese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is ca

50、lled the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get pa

51、id visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts betwe

52、en the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko W

53、idodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes

54、that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In

55、 February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoo

56、ns, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shangh

57、ai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The bas

58、e of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts w

59、orld-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from Ma

60、y to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in N