Lesson-11-But-What’s--a-Dictionary-For-課后練習(xí)及答案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)EXERCISES 11 I. Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible: 1) What critical views did the popular press express on the publication of Websters Third New International Dictionary? 2) How much

2、effort and money was spent on the making of this dictionary? 3) What new science came into being between the appearance of the two editions of the dictionary? What are some of the features of this new science? 4) Why are new dictionaries needed? 5) How does the writer refute the criticisms of the po

3、pular press? 6) What does the writer say about spelling and pronunciation? 7) Why is the definition of a door so complicated? 8) Has the Third New International Dictionary any faults?II .Paraphrase: 1) a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility 2) What underlies all this sound and fury? 3)

4、 It cannot be described in terms of any other language, or even in terms of its own past. 4) All languages are dynamic rather than static 5) Even in so settled a matter as spelling, a dictionary cannot always be absolute. 6) But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionarys 7) H

5、as the dictionary abdicated its responsibility? 8) lexicography, like God, is no respecter of persons 9) And this, too, is complex, subtle, and forever changing. 10) the editorial charges the Third International with pretentious and obscure verbosityIII. Translate the following into Chinese 1) What

6、underlies all this sound and fury? Is the claim of the G& C Merriam Company, probably the worlds greatest dictionary maker, that the preparation of the work cost $3.5million, that it required the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years, working on the largest collection

7、 of citations ever assembled in any language - is all this a fraud, a hoax? 2) The definition reads: a movable piece of firm material or a structure supported usu. along one side and swinging on pivots or hinges,sliding along a groove, rolling up and down, revolving as one of four leaves, or folding

8、 like an accordion by means of which an opening may be closed or kept open for passage in to or out of a building, room, or other covered enclosure or a car, airplane, elevator, or other vehicle 3) For two hundred years his definition of network as any thing reticulated or decussated, at equal dista

9、nces, with interstices between the intersections has been good for a laugh. But in the merriment one thing is always overlooked:no one has yet come up with a better definition!IV. Spell the following words in another acceptable way: Models: 1) theatre theater 2) travelled traveled 1) anaemia 9) dial

10、ogue 2) anaesthesia 10) gramme 3) behaviour 11) programme 4) favourite 12) modelled 5) cheque 13) practise 6) centre 14) manoeuvre 7) metre 15) Muslim 8) defence 16) fulfil. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words or expressions 1) An article viewed it as a scandal and disaster.( )

11、2) The New York Times, ?- felt that the work would accelerate the deterioration of the language ( ) 3) Life called it a non-word deluge, monstrous, abominable, ( ) ( ) 4) working on the largest collection of citation.s ever assembled in any language ( ) 5) So monstrous a discrepancy in evaluation re

12、quires us to examine basic principles.( ) 6) But the great increase in our vocabulary in the past decades compels all dictionaries ( ) 7) If something must be eliminated, it is sensible to throw out these extraneous things and stick to words.( ) 8) Has the dictionary abdicated its responsibility? (

13、) 9) he wants to know what a word will convey to his auditors( ) l0) the editorial charges the Third International with pretentious and obscure verbosity” ( ) 11) There has been an enormous proliferation of closing and demarking devices and structures ( ) 12) There can be linguistic objection to the

14、 eradication of proper names. ( )VI. For each word or phrase listed below, give another word or expression of similar meaning from the text: Model: calamity - disaster 1) to view sth. as 2) fraud 3) to accuse 4) to establish 5) to adhere to 6) citation 7) to restrict 8) to set down 9) contemporary 1

15、0) elevation 11) to be the concern ofVII .The following sentences all contain metaphors or similes.Explain their meanings in plain, non-figurative language. 1) Life called it a non-word deluge 2) The difference, . is not like the difference between yearly models but. Like the difference between the

16、horse and buggy and the automobile 3) Modern linguistics gets its charter from Leonard Bloomfield s Language (1933). 4) But if so, he has walked into one of lexicographys biggest booby traps 5) anyone who tries to thread his way through the many meanings now included under door may have to sacrifice

17、 brevity to accuracy 6) And, sure enough, in the definition which raised the Posts blood pressureVII. Point out the figures of speech used in the following sentences: 1) a concept of how things get written that throws very littlelight on Lincoln but a great deal on Life ( ) 2)between the much-touted

18、 Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) ( ) 3) The Washington Post, in an editiorial captioned Keep Your Old Websters ( ) 4) In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes ( ) 5) But neither his vanity nor h

19、is purse is any concern of the dictionary s ( ) 6) the Post s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from so simple a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that( ) 7) Or what

20、 of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges .( )IX. The author uses a lot of emphatic forms to give force to the Writing. Pick out all the sentences in which various emphatic forms are used.X . Translate the following into Chinese- 1) We have co

21、me to terms. 2) He always considers problems in terms of money. 3) They speak of the boy in terms of praise. 4) The two countries have kept on good terms since then. 5) You must set it down to his account. 6) We set down our success to your help. 7) His parents set him up as a lawyer. 8) They were h

22、eld up by fog. 9) Its hard work. But you must hang on. 10) She has turned to singing.XI . Translate the following into English (using the following words or expressions: preference, to infer, to model . on, to furnish . with, to convey, to restrict, to relegate, as much ?- as, to set down, terms, to

23、 adapt, to hang on to): 1）諧趣園是仿照無錫的一座花園造的。 2）他號召孩子們以解放軍英雄為榜樣。 3）這本書應(yīng)歸入哲學(xué)類。 4）本杰明?弗蘭克林不僅是政治家而且還是科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家。 5）他把每次試驗的結(jié)果都記在本子上。 6）你能用簡明的語言概括這首古詩的中心思想嗎？ 7）我們應(yīng)不斷地使自己的思想適應(yīng)變化的情況。 8）年輕的士兵凍死在雪地里，手中還緊握著槍。 9）該公司將為他們提供住宿和交通工具。 10）車速限制在每小時五十五公里之內(nèi)。 11）電報轉(zhuǎn)達了首都人民對震區(qū)人民深切的關(guān)懷。 12) 關(guān)于作者本人的情況，你能從文章本身猜出些什么？ 13) 她特別喜歡古典音樂 1

24、4) 教師讓學(xué)生多用英英字典，而不要總用英漢字典XII. Choose the right word from the list given below for each blank: their changes sometimes for such coinage under of lexicography steps employed are lexicographer listing data milestone language feet dictionary it fall that selecting up useful went assembling establish voca

25、bulary The science of _makes possible for the_ staff of our times to keep _with these shifts and turns in_ and to accumulate large stores of _with which to work. It is still, however, the art of _the that must be _in sifiting the masses of data, _those items and details that _properly within the sco

26、pe of the dictionary_ construction, and_ these into an instructive,_ and graceful whole. Most often, a period of incubation is required _new Words to prove_ vitality and_ their right to entry in the dictionary.,_ however, the swift current _events brings startling_, and the items of _ resulting from

27、 such events_ firmly fixed in our speech from the day of their_. Not long before this work_ _ _ to press, we witnessed a_ in the human saga, mans first, halting _ on the moons surface, an event _demanded the insertion of _ _ an entry as mascon and a biographical _of Neil Armstrong whose feat- and _m

28、ade history.XIII. Topic for oral work Describe the merits and faults of a dictionary youre familiar with.XIV. Write an outline of the text. 習(xí)題全解 I . 1) the Atlantic. a disappointment, a shock, a calamity, a scandal and a disaster. the New York Times :speeding the deterioration of the language. the J

29、ournal of the American Bar Association: deplorable, a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility, a serious blow to the cause of good English. Life :a non-word deluge, monstrous, abominable, a cause for dismay. 2)The making of the dictionary involves $ 3.5 million and the efforts of three hu

30、ndred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years. 3)Between the appearance of these two editions, the science of descriptive linguistics has come into being. Some of the major features of the science are: a)Atl languages are systems of human conventions, not systems of natural laws. b)Each languag

31、e is unique in its pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, c)All languages are dynamic rather than static, d)Correctnesscan rest only upon usage, and all usages is relative. 4)New dictionaries are needed because English has changed more in the past two generations than at any other time in its histo

32、ry. 5)He uses facts to show the popular press is using the language that the Third International describes, even including the very editorials which scorn it. 6)He says many English words may be spelled and pronounced, with equal correctness, in either way. 7)Because the obvious is not necessarily e

33、asy to define. 8)Yes, it certainly has some. 1)a shameless example of irresponsibility in making the dictionary 2)What causes the abuse in the popular press? 3)Each language cannot be described according to other language, or even by its own past. 4)Every living language is in a process of constant

34、change. 5)Even in spelling, which is so stable and hardly debatable, a dictionary cannot always decide absolutely which is right and which is wrong. 6) A dictionary should record the fact without bothering whether it can satisfy the vanity of those who use a dictionary to prove their unyielding posi

35、tion in an argument or help those who bet some money in support of their conviction. 7)Has the dictionary failed to do its duty? 8)Lexicography is a science and its judgment, like the judgment of God, cannot be swayed by anybody no matter what high social position he may occupy. 9)And this is also c

36、omplicated, delicate, and always changing. 10)The editorial accuses the Third International of being pedantically and confusingly wordy. See the translation of the text.IV.1)anemia 2)anesthesia 3)behavior 4)favorite5)check 6)center 7)meter 8)defense 9)dialog 10)gram 11) program 12)modeled 13)practic

37、e14)maneuver 15)Moslem 16)fulfillV .1)shame, disgrace 2)speed up the lowering of the quality 3)horrible, shocking/disgusting, very bad 4)quotations 5)difference, disagreement 6)forces 7)removed, taken away/irrelevant, not essential 8) given up, neglected 9)listeners 10) wordiness 11)increase 12)remo

38、valVl.1)to see sth. as 2)hoax 3)to charge 4)to set up 5)to follow 6)quotation 7)to limit 8)to record 9)current 10)distinction 11)to be the business of. 1)Life regarded the dictionary being full of words that have not come to be accepted. 2)The difference.is by no means insignificant, it is basic. 3)

39、 Modern linguistics take Leonard Bloomfields Language (1933)as its authority. 4)But if so, he has made unconsciously one of the biggest mistakes one is liable to make in dictionary making. 5)Anyone who tries to sort out the many meanings now included under door may have to sacrifice brevity to accur

40、acy. 6)And, sure enough, in the definition which made the Post angry. 1)alliteration and sarcasm 2)assonance and antithesis 3)metonymy 4) metonymy5) synecdoche 6) sarcasm 7)synecdocheIX . 1)Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt. 2)Is all this

41、a fraud, a hoax? 3)The firstand essentialstep in the study of any language is observing and setting down precisely what happens when native speakers speak it 4)Change is constantand normal 5)But he wantsand has a right tothe truth，the full truth 6)And this，too，is complex，subtle，and forever changing

42、7)The fine print in the lease-and the rent is computed on the number of rooms 8)But one thing is certain：anyone whononsense 1)我們已達成了協(xié)議。 2)他總是從錢的角度考慮問題。 3)談到這個男孩時他們總是贊揚。 4)從那時起兩國一直保持著友好關(guān)系。 5)你必須把這件事記在他的帳上。 6)我們把成功歸于你的幫助。 7)他的父母幫他開設(shè)了律師事務(wù)所。 8)他們被大霧耽擱了。 9)工作是困難的，但你一定要堅持下去。 10)她改行搞演唱了。 1)The Garden of Ha

43、rmonious Interest was modelled on a garden in Wuxi 2)He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes 3)This work may be relegated to philosophy 4)Benjamin Franklin was as much a scientist and an inventor as a statesman 5)He set down all the findings of every experiment in his noteboo

44、k 6)Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms? 7)We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions. 8) The young soldier was frozen to death in the snow, his hands still hanging on to the gun. 9) The said company will furnish them with lodging and transportation. 10)The speed of motor vehicles is restricted to 55 km. per hour. 11)The cable message conveyed the deepest concern of the people in the capital for those in the quake-afflicted