鮮活農產品的供應鏈管理SupplyChainManageppt課件

1、鮮活農產品的供應鏈管理Supply Chain Managementof Perishable Products甜瓜供應鏈管理案例甘肅農業(yè)大學 Gansu Agricultural University張艷榮April 2005 供應鏈管理是什么？What is Supply Chain Management?在消費者與消費者之間建立鏈條Developing a chain that links producers with consumers經過消費過程、行銷過程及市場向消費者提供具有競爭力的產品Production, distribution and marketing processes

2、 providing competitive product to consumer供應鏈管理是什么What is Supply Chain Management?兩個關鍵點2 key functions:A)改良農產品的質量及減少損失率以提高供應鏈管理的效率 operational efficiency in logistics for improvement in quality and reduction in lossesB)制定戰(zhàn)略與鏈條成員間關系的管理 strategic decision making and relationship management between cha

3、in members1.實施供應鏈管理的效率 Operational Efficiency目的- 減少甜瓜采收后的損失率To minimize postharvest losses方法- 經過系統(tǒng)分析鑒別損失率高的環(huán)節(jié)和多余的環(huán)節(jié)Identify high loss points and poor product flow through systems analysis繪制產品流程圖Map the flow of product- process flow chart描畫每個處置環(huán)節(jié)Describe each handling process在每個環(huán)節(jié)檢測損失率Measure losses

4、at each point產品流程的案例Example of Product Flow Chart甜瓜從田間到市場的流程melons pass though a number of processes on way to consumer每個環(huán)節(jié)都做些什么What happens at each point?每個環(huán)節(jié)能否都有效Is it efficient? 甜瓜供應鏈成員的關系Relationship in the supply chain Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Collector Col

5、lector Collector Wholesaler Wholesaler Wholesaler Retailer Retailer Retailer 步驟分析Analysis of Each Step采收Harvest產質量量Quality of product - 成熟度，瓜病，大小，平安殺蟲劑maturity, disease, size, pesticide safety機械損傷Mechanical damage冷害損傷Physiological damage - 溫度temperature延期采收Delays 步驟分析Analysis of Each Step包裝Packaging

6、分級Grading適當?shù)姆雷oAdequate protection適當?shù)拇笮uitable size步驟分析Analysis of each Step運輸Transport 溫度 Temperature 運輸期Time to market 機械損傷率Mechanical losses步驟分析運輸Analysis of each Step - Transport步驟分析Analysis of each Step市場Market市場不同對甜瓜質量要求不同Different market for different quality溫度Temperature出賣的時間Time to sell瓶頸在哪

7、里Bottle necks?鏈條上每個環(huán)節(jié)的損失率What were losses at each step? 供應鏈各環(huán)節(jié) 損失率瓜農收獲過程 9.1收買商的收買過程 很低零售商運輸過程 11零售商銷售過程 12消費者的消費過程 5 37.1資料來源：根據ACIAR“甜瓜采后疾病控制甜瓜供應鏈管理研討工程如何降低損失率How to Minimize Losses? 建立產質量量管理體系Implement a quality management scheme提供產品闡明書Provides specifications of product實施闡明書的過程Processes to achiev

8、e specifications消費者一直有平安的食品Consumer has consistent and SAFE product什么是產品的質量What is Quality?進展預期消費者座談Meeting consumer expectations符合消費者的期望Conforming to expectations可事先確定質量一致性Predictable uniformity對消費者來講，平安可靠，本錢較低Dependability, at low cost to consumer哈密瓜的成熟目的規(guī)范Maturity Indices for Hami?色澤Colour 由綠至黃gr

9、een through to yellow瓜須的枯燥程度Dryness of tendrils個體的大小與外形Size and shape含糖量Sugar content what % is acceptable花期后的天數(shù)Days after flowering?哈密瓜成熟度規(guī)范Maturity Indices for Hami?可以用瓜表皮的色澤對比看其糖分含量Can you plot colour against sugar %可以用瓜表皮的色澤不同反響瓜的成熟度Can you develop a chart of photographs1234如何進展質量管理What is quali

10、ty Management?建立一套質量規(guī)范體系Documented sets of procedures that allow consistent products of desired quality 編制質量手冊Quality Manual對每個步驟進展監(jiān)視與記錄Monitoring and recording at each step e.g. harvest, transport and storage temp, spray records etc2.供應鏈成員間的關系 Relationship Management關鍵是經過協(xié)作，如何才干給消費者提供最好的產品Focus is

11、on how to work together to deliver a top quality product to the consumer焦點是堅持長期的關系而非一次性的買賣Focus on long term relationships not one-off transactions最中心的問題是鏈條成員間的信任Main key is trust between members 農產品供應鏈的特征Characterisitcs of SCM協(xié)作Collaborative information flows between members on which cvs to grow, a

12、gronomic practices, how product performed in market all aimed at improving performance買賣較少Fewer involved in transactions買賣關系更穩(wěn)定Business relationships more stable 農產品供應鏈的特征Characteristics of SCM通常有一個鏈條的管理者Often involves a channel manager e.g. wholesaler linking supply from growers to consumers這個管理者往往

13、會獲得較大的收益Channel manager is usually one with highest profit vested interest in making it work農產品供應鏈中的價值鏈Characteristics of SCM -Value Chain關鍵問題是供應鏈同伴之間的利益分配Focus on the distribution of values among supply chain partners建立一種有益的觀念或思想，即了解新技術或措施的運用及其所帶來的附加本錢的分擔A helpful concept to understand adoption of

14、innovations Distribution of profits among supply chain partners when they share (C, D) or do not (B) share costs/profits of innovation. Retailer profit Retailer cost Agent fee Grower profit Innovation cost Grower cost BCDA甘肅省黃河蜜瓜的供應鏈The supply chains of Huang-he melon in Gansu provinceGROWERS農民AGENT

15、SMERCHANTS收買商WHOLESALERS零售商RETAILERSSUPERMARKETS零售商GROWERS農民RETAILERS零售商如何建立可行的供應鏈 How to form supply chains that work農民 Farmers消費優(yōu)良質量的甜瓜Adopt proper cultural practices and technologies to grow quality fruit有長久的目光，建立聲譽Have a long term vision of their business and aim to establish a reputation and cr

16、edibility for their business農民成立團體，添加供貨量，彼此學習Work together in groups to gain a greater volume and to share info and learn from each other買賣商 Traders有長久的目光， 情愿與農民長期協(xié)作Have a long term interest in their business and develop long term relationships with farmers參與采后技術的研發(fā) Be interested in involved in post

17、harvest handling technologies and issues提供市場信息給農民Offer market info to farmers政府及推行人員 Extension officers協(xié)助農民及零售商，適時舉行推行會Farmers and traders will require facilitation to make changes to form supply chains, e.g., training workshops試用參與方式 Embrace a participatory approach對本身的任務及角色有興趣，不半途而廢They need to be

18、 committed to their role and follow through their tasks供應鏈管理的優(yōu)勢Advantages of SCM競爭存在于不同的供應鏈之間而非單個的組織Whole chains become competitive rather than individuals在同一鏈條上成員之間能更公平的分享收益Those in same chain share more equitably in profits一切的風險承當者都會給予報答Delivers benefits to all stakeholders -盡能夠維護消費者利益 Optimizes benefits to consumers -盡能夠報答風險投資者 Optimizes returns to stakeholders供應鏈管理的優(yōu)勢Advantages of SCM可以從農民處預先獲得部分供應 Provides adequate and predictable supply from growers產