石港中學(xué)高一英語課件：M2-U1grammar-1

1、高 一 英 語Module 2 Unit 1Grammar usagePresent perfect tense (1)The form of the Present perfect tensehave / has + 過去分詞The disappearance of Justin _ (make) Kelly very unhappy. has madeWe use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.

2、Note:The uses of the present perfect tenseI _ (not see) Justin since last Friday night.have not seenWe also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.Note :1. We _ (study) English for about five years.2. They _ (live) in the south sinc

3、e their daughter was born.3. The student _ (finish) her homework already.have studiedhave livedhas finishedWe use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already, ever, for, just, lately, never,recently, since, yet

4、 Note:already, yet, for, sinceWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time. We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attent

5、ion to the position of just.Note:He has just gone out. (= He is not here now.)I have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.)We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once / twice / three times I _ (read)

6、your article three times. Its well written.have readNote:The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which is a fixed point in the past.1. Tom has had a bad car crash. (Hes probably stil

7、l in hospital now.) Tom had a bad car crash. (But hes probably out of hospital now.)2. The lift has broken down. (We have to use the stairs.) The lift broke down. (But its probably working again now.)For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.We havent seen Ju

8、stin for a week. (He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week. (It may mean that this week Justin is here.)He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.) Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking.It h

9、as been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer.On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages. (But I see you now.)Tom has rung up three times this morning. (Now it is still morning.)Tom rang up three times this morning. (Now it is not morning.)1. _ you _ my pen? Yes, I _

10、 it on your desk just now. (see)2. _ you _ dinner? Yes, I _ it with Mary. (have) _ the postman _ yet this morning? _ the postman _ this morning? (come)HaveHavehadDidHaveThe present perfect tense and the past simple tenseseencomecomehadsaw1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were y

11、ou wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. Do you wearA2. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have writtenC3. My uncle, Sam, _ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made4. T

12、his is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being goneCA現(xiàn)在完成時用法 表示到現(xiàn)在為止的這一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作（多次動作的總和）或情況（某種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)）： We have learnt 500 English words this term. 本學(xué)期我們學(xué)了500個英語單詞。（動作的總和） They have built three bridges over the river since 1970. 1970

13、年以來他們在這條河上架起了三座橋梁。 （動作的總和） Mr. White has worked here for ten years. 懷特先生在這里工作了10年。（狀態(tài)的延續(xù)） My father has been sick for two weeks. 我父親生病兩個星期了。（狀態(tài)的延續(xù)） 表示對現(xiàn)狀有影響的某一已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作 （強調(diào)這一動作對現(xiàn)在的影響）：The professor have already gone to the laboratory. 教授已經(jīng)到實驗室去了。(The professor is not here now.) She has already read th

14、e novel. 她已經(jīng)讀了這本小說。(She knows the novel.)I havent told him about the result. 我還沒有告訴他這個結(jié)果。(He doesnt know the result.) 在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，瞬間動詞不可以與表示 一段時間的時間狀語連用： 電影已經(jīng)開演30分鐘了。錯誤：The movie has begun for 30 minutes.正確：The movie has been on for 30 minutes. 他的祖父已經(jīng)去世三年了錯誤：His grandpa has died for 3 years.正確：His gran

15、dpa has been dead for 3 years. 他們回來已經(jīng)有兩天了。錯誤：They have come back for two days.正確：They have been back for two days. be在現(xiàn)在完成時中可表示一種經(jīng)歷： The couple have been to Tibet three times. 這對夫婦到西藏去過兩次。比較：She has been to Beijing before. 她以前到北京去過。（一種經(jīng)歷） She has gone to Beijing already. 她已經(jīng)到北京去了。 (她不在此地, 說明過去動作對現(xiàn)在的

16、影響.)1. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _ in the last five years. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. have been taking place; have set up 2. Hello! I _ you _ in London. How long have you been here? A.

17、 dont know; wereB. hadnt known; are C. havent known; areD. didnt know; wereBD3. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone! A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; were putting D. were you putting; have put 4. Do you know our town at all?

18、No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have been C. cameD. am comingBB5. I dont really work here, I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping outD. will just help out 6. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather

19、. A. Ive been toldB. Ive told C. Im toldD. I toldCA7. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _ the living-room all day. A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted 8. Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticing C. I havent notice

20、dD. I dont noticeCB9. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelingB. traveled C. had been travelingD. was to travel10. Look, your shoes and trousers are wet through. _? Watering the flowers in the garden. A. What did youB. What have you done C. What are you doing D.

21、 What have you been doing AD11. Prof. Wang _ in the lab for nearly six hours. He must be very tired now. A. workedB. has worked C. has been workingD. is working12. Mrs. Peterson _ in this school _ the past ten years. A. has been teaching; for B. had been teaching; since C. would teach; for D. was te

22、aching; sinceCA13. A: Miss Jones _ music at Eton School for 10 years. B: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden. A. teachesB. used to teach C. is teaching D. has been teaching14. A: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. We _ here for over half an hour and nobody _ our order yet. A.

23、have been waiting; has taken B. have been waiting; took C. have been waited; has taken D. have waited; tookDA15. None of the students is allowed to leave the room until they _ the experiment. A. finishedB. have finished C. had finishedD. will finish16. By now the Grade One students _ about 2000 Engl

24、ish words and phrases. A. are learningB. have been learning C. had learnedD. have learnedBD17. I _ my history lesson this time yesterday. Now I _ all the work for today. A. was reviewing; have done B. reviewed; have done C. was reviewing; had done D. reviewed; am doing18. A: Sorry to have kept you w

25、aiting so long! B: I _ here only for five minutes. A. have arrivedB. have reached C. have gotD. have beenAD19. A: Where have you been? I _ you the whole day. B: I was in the library doing some reading all this afternoon. A. have been telephoning B. had telephoned C. telephonedD. had been telephoning 20. A: How are you today? B: Oh, I _ this