小專題訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)法系列-1名詞

1、名詞詞義辨析的技巧名詞詞義辨析不僅在高考單項(xiàng)填空中占有一席之地，而且是完形填空熱點(diǎn)之一。那么如何才 能快速、準(zhǔn)確地做好名詞詞義辨析題呢？口訣：一看詞義，二看搭配，三看慣用法。分析：從形式上看，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是名詞，甚至形式也一致，如都是單數(shù)或都是復(fù)數(shù)。第一步, 先結(jié)合語(yǔ)境從漢語(yǔ)意思上進(jìn)行區(qū)分。如果不能確定答案，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步從搭配和慣用法上進(jìn)行區(qū) 分。彳列 1. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.accommodationB. oc

2、cupationC.equipmentD. furniture【分析】先看句意：地震后當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患虑槭菫闊o(wú)家可歸的家庭提供 O其次看選項(xiàng)含義：accommodation住處，膳宿住處；膳宿；occupation職業(yè)；equipment設(shè) 備；furniture家具。那么結(jié)合語(yǔ)境為無(wú)家可歸的家庭提供“住處”最合適，因此此題最正確 答案是A。James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.arearoomfieldPosition【分析】先看句意：詹姆斯把雜志從小桌子上拿走以便給電視機(jī) O四個(gè)

3、選項(xiàng)都有“地方”之意，但是make room for是固定搭配，表示“給騰地方”，因此此題最正確答案是 Bo例3. I am sure David will be able to find the library一he has a pretty good of direction.ideafeelingexperiencesense【分析】先看句意：我相信大衛(wèi)會(huì)找到圖書館，他有很好的方向 o a good sense of是固定用法,表示“有感，如 a sense of humor/ achievement/ duty/satisfaction幽默感/成就感/責(zé)任感/滿足感。因此盡管四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都

4、有“感覺(jué)”之意，但此題最正確答案是 Do小題精練We already have pencils, but we still need two pens.A. dozen of; dozenB.dozens of; dozensdozens of;dozendozens of; dozen ofHe gained his by printing of famous writers.wealth; workwealths; worksC.wealths; workD. wealth;worksHe is a skillful worker. I am sure he has enough to f

5、ix all theA. experience; equipmentB.experiences; equipmentsC. experience; equipments0.experiences; equipmentAll the in the hospital got a rise last month.women doctorswomen doctorwomandoctorsD.woman doctorHe dropped the and broke it.cup of coffeecoffees cupcup for coffeecoffee cupThe shoes were cove

6、red with mud, so I asked them to takethem offbefore they got intocar.girls; Tomsgirls; TomsC.girls; TomsD. girls; Toms7. Who did you spend last weekend with?PalmersThe Palmers7The PalmersThe Palmers-May I take your order now?-Wed like three black and two green .coffee; cups of teascoffees; teascups

7、of coffee; teacup of coffees; teas-You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret?-Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. powerB.strengthC. force 0.energyFortunately, rescuers were able to gain to the disaster-hit area soon enoughaccesstrackC.meansD. passageThe doctor is skilled at treating hea

8、rt trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good.expectationreputationC.contributionD. civilizationHiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for building.respectB.friendshipreputationcharacterYour work experience is a bigin the job market but

9、 your poor eyesight will limit your choices.A. benefitB.conditionadvantagepromiseChina and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a(n) to be absent and often dropout later.reactionexpectationrestriction0.tendencyThe disaster got so much, includi

10、ng a reality show on DiscoveryNetworks Planet Green, that cash, volunteers, and materials poured in.observationB.informationatmosphereattentionI bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real.exchangebargaintrade 0.businessAs a judge in a competition, you shall show no to any competitor

11、 oryou will be criticized by the public.A. desireB.favorC.interestD. sympathyIt is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.usehelptimewayWith no better way to express feelings of love and , its easy to see why everyone turns to the flower shop on Mothers Day.A.appreciationinspirat

12、ionsatisfactionD.ambitionLocal charity workers are joining a nation wide drive to raise public of AIDS, a disease for which there is no effective cure.A. conclusionB.impressionC.awarenessD. judgment答案Co句意：我們已經(jīng)有幾十支鉛筆，但是還需要兩打鋼筆。dozens of表示不確切的數(shù)字, 意為“幾十個(gè)，類似于hundreds of, thousands of, millions of o doze

13、n與具體數(shù)字連 用時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)，也不用of,如three dozenbooks等。Do句意：他靠印刷著名作家的作品積累了財(cái)富。wealth表示“財(cái)富”用作不可數(shù)名詞； work是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“工作；works是可數(shù)名詞，表示“工廠；著作；作品”。Ao句意：他是一名熟練工人。我相信他有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)維修好所有的設(shè)備。experience 作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講是不可數(shù)名詞，作“經(jīng)歷”講是可數(shù)名詞；equipment只能用作不可數(shù)名詞， 表示“設(shè)施；設(shè)備”。常見(jiàn)不可數(shù)名詞可杜撰一詞flipean（飛來(lái)品）來(lái)巧記：fun（有趣的人 /事情），luggage（行李），information（信息）,progre

14、ss （進(jìn)步）,equipment （設(shè)備）， advice（建議）,news（新聞）等。Ao man, woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如men teachers, women scientistso 但是 boy, girl 作定語(yǔ)只能用單數(shù)形式,如 two boy students, threegirl friendsoDo句意：他把咖啡杯掉在地上打碎了。本句考查名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。英語(yǔ)中名詞作定語(yǔ) 表示被修飾名詞的用途、材料、地點(diǎn)等，一般用單數(shù)形式，例外的單詞有sports, sales 等。如 a sports car, the sales departmentoCo句意

15、：女孩們的鞋占滿了泥漿，因此我讓她們進(jìn)入湯姆的車之前把鞋脫掉。依據(jù)下文 asked them推斷女孩不止一個(gè)，排除A、D；第二空是名詞所有格的基本用法。Bo姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前加the表示“夫婦/一家人”；這里強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，故用名詞所有格，“在 Palmer夫婦家。另外，應(yīng)注意假設(shè)某物為兩者以上擁有，只在后一個(gè)名詞前加s,如Jim and Jack s bedroomoBo這里考查抽象名詞具體化的用法。這里表示“我們想喝三倍濃咖啡和兩杯綠茶?！盌o 你爺爺總是精力充分，秘訣是什么？一每天早上進(jìn)行鍛煉。taste味道，鑒賞力； energy精力，活力，能源；relief減輕，救濟(jì)；credit信用，信譽(yù)。Ao

16、句意：幸運(yùn)的是，救援人員得以很快進(jìn)入受災(zāi)地區(qū)救援。gain/have access to是固 定詞組，表示“進(jìn)入”。Bo句意：這個(gè)醫(yī)生擅長(zhǎng)治療心臟病又不收病人任何禮物，因此他有很高的聲望。 expectation 期望；reputation 聲譽(yù)；聲望；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)；civilization 文明。Do句意:一個(gè)人徒步旅行既有趣又有利于身體健康，還有助于品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)。respect尊敬; friendship 友誼；reputation 聲譽(yù)；character 品質(zhì)； 性格。Co句意：你的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是一大優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是你視力差又會(huì)限制你的選擇。 benefit 利益；好處；

17、 condition 條件；advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì)；promise 承諾。Do句意：中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家發(fā)現(xiàn)即使孩子確實(shí)很早上學(xué)，他們還有以后缺課甚至輟學(xué)的 傾向。reaction 反響；expectation 期望；restriction 限制；tendency 趨勢(shì)；傾向。Do句意：這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難得到如此多的關(guān)注以致于很多捐款、志愿者蜂擁而至。observation 觀察；information 信息；atmosphere 大氣層；attention 關(guān)注； 注意。Bo句意：我在市場(chǎng)10元買這件衣服，真劃算。bargain討價(jià)還價(jià)；廉價(jià)品。Bo句意：作為比賽評(píng)委，你對(duì)任何參賽者都不應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出偏愛(ài)，否那么會(huì)受到公眾責(zé)備。 desire愿望，欲望；favor恩惠；幫助，有利；interest興趣；sympathy同情。Ao句意：和比爾爭(zhēng)辯下去沒(méi)有用，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)改變主意的。It is no use doing sth. 是固定句型，表示“做某事是沒(méi)有用的”。Ao句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有更好的表達(dá)愛(ài)心和感激之情的方式，很容易看到母親節(jié)很多人都奔 花店去。appreciation 感激；欣賞；inspiration 激勵(lì)；靈感；sa