高中英語英語時(shí)態(tài)完整版課件(PPT 66頁)

1、英語的時(shí)態(tài)第1頁，共66頁。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一直以來的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作；目前狀態(tài)；規(guī)律第2頁，共66頁。 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1、直接在動(dòng)詞后+s like- likes play-plays2、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動(dòng)詞：+es wash-washes3、以輔音+o接尾的動(dòng)詞：+es go-goes4、以輔音+y接尾的動(dòng)詞：變y為i+es fly-flies第3頁，共66頁。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等連用。 I leave

2、 home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 第4頁，共66頁。3) 表示格言或警句中。Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I dont want so much. Ann

3、Wang writes good English but does not speak well.第5頁，共66頁。寫出下列動(dòng)詞在句中的適當(dāng)形式：1）We _ (love) sports.2）She _ (sing) well.3）Tom and John _ (watch) TV every evening.4）My son _ (go) to school by bike.5）Their teacher usually _ (walk) to school.6）Five plus two _ (make) seven.7）They all _ (like) him.8）The sun _

4、(fall) in the west.Practicelovesingswatchgoeswalksmakeslikefalls第6頁，共66頁。二、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 過去動(dòng)作、過去習(xí)慣、過去狀態(tài)第7頁，共66頁。動(dòng)詞過去式的變化（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞） 一般在詞尾加 ed ask asked; help helped e.g. They asked me the time just now. 以 e 結(jié)尾直接加 d arrive arrived e.g. I arrived late this morning.第8頁，共66頁。動(dòng)詞過去式的變化（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，則雙寫 plan pl

5、anned e.g. We planned to go to the party. 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾，去 y 變 i 加 ed。 如 try tried; study studied e.g. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 第9頁，共66頁。動(dòng)詞過去式的變化（不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞） 例： go went drink drank eat ate see saw第10頁，共66頁。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表goam/ isarebeginmeetwritebuildbuycanhave/hastakecatchcomedoswimdrinkdriveeat

6、getseewas werebeganmetwrotebuiltboughtcouldcaughtcamedidswamdrankdroveategotwenthadtookspendspentleaveleftsaw第11頁，共66頁。二、一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表

7、示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. 第12頁，共66頁。一、單項(xiàng)選擇：( )1 My father_ill(生病的) yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 _your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3. Thetwins(雙胞胎)_in Dalianlast year. They_h

8、ere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; wasCDB第13頁，共66頁。( )4._your father at work the day_yesterday A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after( )5 Who was on duty(值日) last Friday _ A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt AB第14頁，共66頁。三、一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)will do 將要發(fā)生、意志決心、臨時(shí) 決定、總是發(fā)生am/i

9、s/are going to do 事前做出的安排或打算；跡象表明要發(fā)生第15頁，共66頁。三、一般將來時(shí)1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going

10、to be produced next month. c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.第16頁，共66頁。4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。be going to

11、 / will的用法之比較： 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比較：be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)

12、劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 第17頁，共66頁。練一練： A、根據(jù)中文，完成句子，每空一詞。1）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。 I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 或者：I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 2）下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 -What next Monday? -I play basketball

13、. 或者：-What you do next Monday? -I play basketball. 3）你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 - your mother go shopping this ? -Yes, she . She buy some fruit. Practiceam going towillare you going to doam going towillwillIs going toweekendIs is going to第18頁，共66頁。時(shí)間現(xiàn)在過去那時(shí)所預(yù)見的情況四、一般過去將來時(shí)一、基本概念：過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存

14、在的狀態(tài)。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，即立足于過去某時(shí)，從過去的某一時(shí)間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時(shí)態(tài)。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 第19頁，共66頁。二、基本形式： wouldshould動(dòng)詞原形（其中 would 用于各種人稱， should 常用于第一人稱）。例如： They were sure they would wi

15、n the final victory他們堅(jiān)信會(huì)贏得最后勝利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他沒想到我們都在那里。 上述兩個(gè)例句中的賓語從句謂語 would win 和 should（would）be 分別與其主句謂語 were sure 和 didnt expect 相對(duì)應(yīng)。第20頁，共66頁。三、過去將來時(shí)的一些其它表達(dá)形式： 1wasweregoing to動(dòng)詞原形 He said he was going to try 他說他準(zhǔn)備試試。 2waswereto動(dòng)詞原形 They said the railway was

16、 to be opened to traffic on May Day 他們說這條鐵路將在五一節(jié)通車。 3waswere about動(dòng)詞原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來。 4過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（一般多為動(dòng)作概念較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示將來。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候再來。 第21頁，共66頁。I. 選擇填空1. Jenny said she _her hol

17、iday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend 2. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 3. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would

18、takeC. takes D. will take 4. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A. are going to grow B. were going to growC. will grow D. have grown DDBB第22頁，共66頁。5.She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to goII. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _ _(visi

19、t) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she_ _ _ (not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_ (come) the next year.4. She said the bus _ (leave) at five the next morning.5. He was fifty-six. In two years he _ _(be) fifty-eight. would visitedwould not stayed would comewould leftw

20、ould beC第23頁，共66頁。五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing（V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞) 目前或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生、一直或斷續(xù)發(fā)生、將要發(fā)生第24頁，共66頁。25現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律readlisten drinkhavemakewriteswimrun 第25頁，共66頁。readinglistening drinkinghavingmakingwritingswimming running 直接+ing以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去 e+ing： 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母+ing：現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律第26頁，共66頁。27直接+ing：

21、reading listening cleaning drinking write-writing make-making give-giving havehaving come-coming 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母+ing：getting letting running putting swimming 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去 e+ing：現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律第27頁，共66頁。即學(xué)即練 do_ watch_ clean _ read_ eat_ play_ hav_ writ_ run _ swim_ing ing ing ing ing ing n

22、ing ming ing eeing 第28頁，共66頁。五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red.

23、 Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.第29頁，共66頁。知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belong

24、s to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advic

25、e.4) 系動(dòng)詞。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.第30頁，共66頁。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過去時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生、一直或斷續(xù)發(fā)生、將要發(fā)生 第31頁，共66頁。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day

26、yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.第32頁，共66頁。典型例題1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is mak

27、ing C. was making D. makes答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。

28、句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 第33頁，共66頁。1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont makeD. didnt make2. To find the street where I li

29、ved in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,

30、 but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up第34頁，共66頁。5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been

31、 walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB

32、. were to playC. had played D. played第35頁，共66頁。10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you p

33、ut; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you putting; put14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. ha

34、d died C. has been dead D. died第36頁，共66頁。16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back18.The workers

35、_ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left21.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read第37頁，共66頁。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has done（過去分詞）關(guān)注“過去事件”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；對(duì)經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)第38頁，

36、共66頁。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked

37、 the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語；多是一般疑問句。第39頁，共66頁。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 ye

38、ars. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的短語連用。 第40頁，共66頁。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the mo

39、rning, well go to the park.（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。第41頁，共66頁。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較 1）

40、過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語。 共同的時(shí)間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, so

41、 far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。第42頁，共66頁。請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來了。） He has been in the Leagu

42、e for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)注意：句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 第43頁，共66頁。延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表

43、示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)2) 用于till / until 從句的差異： 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。第44頁，共66頁。(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, ju

44、st, already, yet, before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed

45、 D. Have; surfed; have surfed第45頁，共66頁。當(dāng)句中有for +段時(shí)間或since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had第46頁，共66頁。3. I_a letter fr

46、om him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard第47頁，共66頁。典型例題：1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案B ；首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh,

47、 not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A ； 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 第48頁，共66頁。八、過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)：had done 過去的時(shí)間或事件之前所發(fā)生的事情，即“過去的過去”第49頁，共66頁。七、過去完成時(shí)的用法1、概念：表示過去的過去。 -|-|-|- 那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 其結(jié)構(gòu)是：had + 過去分詞2、過去完成時(shí)的用法： （1）過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before

48、, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持續(xù)下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.第50頁，共66頁。 （3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 She said (tha

49、t) she had never been to Paris. （4）在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. （5）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. （6）過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, on

50、ce, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 第51頁，共66頁。九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+have（has）been+動(dòng)詞-ing 第52頁，共66頁。（一）表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還

51、將持續(xù)下去The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。 （動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）I study for Engilsh since 10 years ago. 第53頁，共66頁。（二）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等) 第54頁，共66頁。（三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for te