2022年山西師范大學(xué)現(xiàn)代文理學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年山西師范大學(xué)現(xiàn)代文理學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2010.04】What her grandfather said left a _ impression on her mind. She still remembers it. A、final B、vague C、deep D、main【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 她爺爺說的事情給她留下深刻的印象，她仍然還記得。【試題分析】詞匯題?！驹敿?xì)解答】形容詞意義區(qū)分題。第2題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung

2、cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes_. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. A、The risk is even higher for childr

3、en who live in homes where both parents smoke. B、In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正確答案】C【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時(shí)常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)首選對此煙加以定義

4、的句子。第3題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians (百歲老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。題目說的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個(gè)非常友好的社區(qū)”，文章開頭部分提到了“c

5、ommunity(社區(qū))”，但該句并沒有說這五位百歲老人生活的社區(qū)是否是一個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。第4題【單選題】【2007.04】The central theatre has a seating _ of more than 3, 000 people. A、capability B、capacity C、ability D、facility【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。ability主要指天賦的能力或應(yīng)用知識的才能，應(yīng)該是屬于那種已經(jīng)具備并發(fā)展較快的能力。如“He has unusual ability in science“。capabilit

6、y與ability不同的是，它不僅能用于人，也可用于物，如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities of some of the older electrical devicescapacity指容納或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。如“The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根據(jù)句意，本題應(yīng)該選capacity。 第5題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement

7、 community who are all centenarians (百歲老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。題目說的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個(gè)非常友好的社區(qū)”，文章開頭部分提到了“community(社區(qū))”，但該句并沒有說這五位百歲老人生活的社區(qū)是否是一個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。第6

8、題【單選題】【2009.10】So far scientists have only acquired _ understanding of the physical processes that cause earthquakes. A、a partial B、a changeable C、an original D、an individual【正確答案】A第7題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health

9、 of the people. _. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays. A、Ionosphere is high above the earth. B、If the lights in your house keep flickering, bl

10、ame frequent sunspots. C、According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. D、A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart di

11、sease and skin disease.【正確答案】D【答案解析】這一段說的是太陽黑子對人類健康的影響。填入的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該與健康有關(guān)，空格后一句說到要保護(hù)皮膚。因此D是正確的。第8題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge _. A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table（元素周期表）to m

12、ake chemistry simpler to teach to students. B、The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates.” D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正確答案】C【答案解析】這一段是劍橋大學(xué)的Albert Galy的原話，我們可以從引導(dǎo)整個(gè)

13、關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)得出答案。即：“地學(xué)化學(xué)家們只想通過直覺判斷元素的活動。我想等高線對學(xué)生們有好處”。第9題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use

14、 the other 3%the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs（冰山）and glaciers（冰川）. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at pres

15、ent? A、Nearly 75 per cent. B、About 97 per cent. C、Exactly 3 per cent. D、Less than 3 percent.【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段得知，地球上只有3的水適于人類飲用，然而部分以冰山或冰川的形式存在，還有的被污染，因而實(shí)際上人類能用的水要低于3。第10題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be kept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】

16、B【答案解析】本題考查動詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)。【詳細(xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒有危險(xiǎn)的第11題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds.Q: During the April 28 earthquake, the whole En

17、gland was left without power. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。題中說2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格蘭都停電，與文中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不符。文中說地震殃及英格蘭東南部的肯特郡部分地區(qū)，電力中斷，幾千名居民無電可用。the whole England 與 parts of southeast England 是不符的，所以選B。第12題【單選題】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put

18、 C、place D、print【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞匯題?！咀g文】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢牢記?。翰灰悦踩∪?。詳細(xì)解答】牢記在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第13題【單選題】【2009.10】There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower their _ prices. A、normal B、general C、ordinary D、usual【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。整句話的意思為：這個(gè)季節(jié)有很多促銷活動，在此期間商店都會降低商品的原價(jià)。A 正常的、平常的

19、B 普通的、一般的 C 普通的 D 尋常的、通常的第14題【單選題】【2007.04】If the operation _ carefully prepared, it would not have been successful. A、was not B、has not been C、had not been D、were not【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。主句是對過去的虛擬，所以根據(jù)句意，條件狀語從句也應(yīng)該是對過去的虛擬，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手術(shù)沒有經(jīng)過認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的準(zhǔn)備，它就不會成功。第15題【單選題】【2008.10】Country life is be

20、tter than city life _ it offers fresh air and noiseless environment. A、in that B、as that C、as for D、in which【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查復(fù)合句。句意為：鄉(xiāng)村生活好過城市生活，因?yàn)樗諝庑迈r且環(huán)境無噪音。in that 是復(fù)合連接詞，只在一定的句式中使用。也可以用作一個(gè)固定詞組。A 在于，原因是，在方面；C. 關(guān)于，至于，舉例：I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)樗咏匀?。?6題【

21、單選題】【2007.04】Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting housing agencies in the city. A、set about B、set down C、set out D、set up【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查關(guān)于set的短語。contacting housing agencies：聯(lián)系房屋中介。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該選set about。set about：開始做某事。set down：放下，擱下；記下，記載，寫下。set out：出發(fā)，開始，后面跟to do sth。set up：建立（事業(yè)）；成立（組織）；為某

22、人提供必需品或有用的東西。 第17題【單選題】【2008.04】To understand the sentence, you should analyze its parts _. A、functionally B、widely C、largely D、remarkably【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義區(qū)分。為了理解這個(gè)句子，你應(yīng)該分析句子各個(gè)部分的功能。A. 有用途地、有功能地； B. 寬廣地； C. 大大地； D. 突出地。第18題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make y

23、our life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in t

24、he day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _. A、change his energy cycle B、overcome his laziness C、get up earlier than usual D、go to bed ear

25、lier【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題要求讀者找出本段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開頭兩句的意思，作出正確判斷。本段開頭說，“雖然你無法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為經(jīng)常性的行為(對你的能量周期)能起作用?！弊詈髢删溆终f，“rise before your usual hourwork better at your low point”(“如果你在上午處于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么你就要比平時(shí)早起。這并不改變你的周期，但你可以在低潮時(shí)得到能量，工作得更好。”)因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。第19題【單選題】【2009.04】The con

26、clusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentative B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第20題【單選題】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands

27、C、underlies D、undertakes【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是國家農(nóng)業(yè)政策的基礎(chǔ)?？疾樾谓鼊釉~詞義。A 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；B 了解；C 成為的基礎(chǔ)；D 承擔(dān)，保證。 第21題【單選題】I _ your strength today to do what I _ today. A、need, done B、need, doing C、need, to doing D、need, need to do【正確答案】D【答案解析】題目意思：今天，我需要你的力量，來做好我需要去做的事情。第22題【單選題】【2008.10】It is strongly held

28、that new _ must be introduced to protect the right of the immigrants. A、statistics B、constructions C、measures D、concessions【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分?！咀g文】強(qiáng)烈支持采取新措施維護(hù)移民的權(quán)力。【詳細(xì)解答】A 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) B 建設(shè) C 措施，辦法 D 讓步，特許權(quán)第23題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ if you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、

29、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 離開，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨(dú)的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第24題【單選題】Perhaps your prince _to do something? A、is like B、would enjoy C、is enjoy D、would like【正確答案】D【答案解析】題目意思：也許你的王子想要做些什么事？would like to do固定搭配，想要做某事/愿意做某事。答案選D。第25題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Before

30、 you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。文章

31、說到：Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. 避免喝牛奶和奶油飲料。第26題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. Q: The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in th

32、eir environment of learning. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。原文說的是兒童之所以能夠完全掌握母語部分原因在于兒童自身，部分原因在于孩子周圍人們的行為。問題句說“兒童母語學(xué)得好的原因只是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境?！贝颂巗olely的表述是錯(cuò)誤的。第27題【單選題】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet p

33、eas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can_. A、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal nam

34、es D、find their own playing section【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出處，By summers end“夏天結(jié)束的時(shí)候”實(shí)際上就是When autumn comes“秋天來臨的時(shí)候”。答案選擇B。第28題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. _. Unles

35、s the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. A、This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. B、This doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well. C、Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting. D、Both of you need time to get to know each o

36、ther.【正確答案】A【答案解析】抓住關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，也就是afraid，選項(xiàng)中this fear就是對這種擔(dān)心的補(bǔ)充，這種擔(dān)心是完全沒有必要的，除非被采訪者確實(shí)是討厭別人問自己。第29題【單選題】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older

37、 eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions C、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D、A Mass Extinc

38、tion【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段第一句話是說：Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes；Wignall 計(jì)算了這些火山的“滅絕效率”；其中killing efficiency與killing Power意思差不多，屬于同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，因此選擇B或C，但是account for 意思是：（在數(shù)量方面）占；說明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不選擇B。第30題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tenta

39、tive B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第31題【單選題】【2009.01】I was writing a report last night;_I would not have stayed up late. A、however B、otherwise C、therefore D、furthermore【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義辨析。句意

40、：我昨天晚上寫一個(gè)報(bào)告，否則我就不會熬夜了。A 然而，不過；B 否則，要不然；C 因此，所以；D 再者，而且。 第32題【單選題】【2010.04】The spokesman occasionally _ his speech with gestures. A、acknowledges B、accompanies C、attributes D、anticipates【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞匯。【譯文】這位發(fā)言人講演中偶爾伴有手勢。第33題【單選題】【2009.10】The profit-sharing plan is designed to _ the staff to work

41、hard. A、calculate B、demonstrate C、speculate D、motivate【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞語辨析。【譯文】利潤共享計(jì)劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工作。A 計(jì)算、估算 B 證實(shí)、論證、演示 C思索、推測 D 激勵、激發(fā)第34題【單選題】【2008.10】Country life is better than city life _ it offers fresh air and noiseless environment. A、in that B、as that C、as for D、in which【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查復(fù)合句。句意為：

42、鄉(xiāng)村生活好過城市生活，因?yàn)樗諝庑迈r且環(huán)境無噪音。in that 是復(fù)合連接詞，只在一定的句式中使用。也可以用作一個(gè)固定詞組。A 在于，原因是，在方面；C. 關(guān)于，至于，舉例：I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)樗咏匀?。?5題【單選題】【完成句子】Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always s

43、pent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.You are advised to read something before you _. A、find the topic sentences B、find out the new words C、keep reading fast D、go to bed every day【正確答案】D【答案解析】本段提到一位著名的醫(yī)生不

44、管晚上睡得多晚，都要花15分鐘讀點(diǎn)東西，那已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣。所以本題說“在你干什么之前，建議你讀點(diǎn)東西”，從選項(xiàng)中看只有 D 項(xiàng)合適。第36題【單選題】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerabl

45、e evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate cl

46、assmates.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Main Results of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一個(gè)新的對智力的認(rèn)識，與過去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的把智力看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成長環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此選擇C。第37題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Home schooling is o

47、ften more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. _. However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most childr

48、en get their formal education. A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. C、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers. D、Others believe they can provide a better education

49、al experience for their children by teaching them at home.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段大意是“對 home schooling 提出了質(zhì)疑”，需要注意前面說到了“critics say”，空格處與之對應(yīng)的是“Critics also say”。第38題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother told us, “My children have packed lunches, because the

50、y say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthie

51、r food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A、Katz thinks chips are good for his kids. B、Susans daughter likes eating sandwiches. C、Cathy may have at least three children. D、Jamie likes burgers and pizz

52、as.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。細(xì)節(jié)查找并簡單推斷題。從本段，特別是I make 3 packed lunches every morning可知Cathy有三個(gè)孩子在上學(xué)，有沒有不上學(xué)的孩子不得而知，故選項(xiàng)C為最佳選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。第39題【單選題】【2008.04】To understand the sentence, you should analyze its parts _. A、functionally B、widely C、largely D、remarkably【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義區(qū)分。為了理解這個(gè)句子，你應(yīng)該分析句子各個(gè)部分的功能

53、。A. 有用途地、有功能地； B. 寬廣地； C. 大大地； D. 突出地。第40題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist

54、 movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never

55、be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In “All thats needed

56、 to become one. (paragraph 2) ”, what does the word “one” stands for ? A、a citizen journalist B、a citizen scientist C、a scientist D、a citizen【正確答案】B【答案解析】one 不僅是數(shù)詞也是代詞；代詞指代的名詞或句子一般出現(xiàn)在代詞的前一句，要注意區(qū)分代詞單、復(fù)數(shù)。第41題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】As far as astronomers（天文學(xué)家） can determine, the entire universe is built of the same

57、 matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever

58、the proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe A、obeys different laws. B、obeys one common law. C、obeys the same laws. D、obeys no common law.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第二句。科學(xué)家沒有理由懷疑宇宙中的物質(zhì)遵循同一法則，即他們相信宇宙中不同地方的物質(zhì)是遵循同一法則的。第42題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the

59、classified data should be kept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)。【詳細(xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒有危險(xiǎn)的第43題【單選題】【2009.01】The twin sisters were identical_ appearance and character. A、of B、with C、in D、to【正確答案】C【答案解析】

60、本題考查介詞詞義。句意：這對雙胞胎姐妹的面容和性格都一模一樣。be identical to/ with 完全相同的，一模一樣的。本題要說明在某個(gè)方面是一樣的，故選C。 第44題【單選題】【完成句子】Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appear