并列句與狀語從句課件

1、(最新整理)并列句與狀語從句2021/7/261并列句和狀語從句2021/7/262句子的分類句子按照其構(gòu)成分為：1 簡單句_2 并列句_He comes from the US and he likes China very much.3 復(fù)合句_ He didnt come to school yesterday because he was badly ill.五種基本句型由并列連詞將兩個及以上的簡單句連在一起含有從句的句子2021/7/263二簡單句五種基本句型：1 He arrived. 2 I like apples3 He is a student. The food taste

2、s good.主語+謂語（vi)主語+謂語(vt)+賓語主語+系動詞+表語常見系動詞： be, sound, look, taste, smell, feel, keep, remain, stay,stand (empty), go, become ,get, prove 等2021/7/2644 1) We call him Jim. 2) We should keep the classroom clean. 3) The teacher asked him to carry the books into the classroom.5 He gave me a book.= He ga

3、ve a book to me.注：He gave it to me. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補主語+謂語+間賓+直賓復(fù)合賓語雙賓語后常加雙賓語的動詞有：Show/offer/ envy/teach/ buy/ make/get/own等2021/7/265另外：祈使句和感嘆句也屬于簡單句Get up early.Please sit down.Dont be late.Lets go out.Let us wait outside.Do remember us.What interesting books they are!How interesting the books are!2021/

4、7/2661.概念： 并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句通過并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞后的簡單句被成為分句。并列句2021/7/2672.常見的并列連詞：(1)表遞進關(guān)系的有:_.He had plenty of money and he can spent it freely.(2)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有：_Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.(3)表選擇關(guān)系的有：_Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident. and , not only

5、but also, neithernor, not. butbut, yet, whereas(而)or, otherwise, eitheror2021/7/268四、復(fù)合句1.概念：復(fù)合句又稱主從復(fù)合句，2.復(fù)合句分三類： _ _ _ 形容詞性從句即定語從句名詞性從句：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句副詞性從句即狀語從句2021/7/269 語法：并列句與狀語從句一、副詞性從句即狀語從句 概念及分類:1.概念：在整個句子中作_稱為狀語從句。（1）. I sent her back home. I sent her where she wanted to go. (前一句home作地

6、點狀語；后一句where she wanted to go作地點狀語 ) 時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步狀語的從句2021/7/2610（2）. All the students were sleeping soundly tonight.When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. (前一句tonight作時間狀語；后一句When the fire broke out作時間狀語 )2021/7/26112.九大類狀語從句及連詞：狀語從句分類： 連詞 時間狀語從句 As, when, wh

7、enever, no matter when, while, after , before, once, as soon as, directly/immediately/instantly, no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen, the instant/the moment/the second/the minute, every time/each time, the first time/the second time, (ever) since, till/until, 2021/7/2612地點狀語從句目的狀語從句原因狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句Where,

8、wherever, everywhere,So that, in order that Because, as, for, since/now that, for fear that So that, so that, such that, so,2021/7/2613條件狀語從句 方式狀語從句 If, if only但愿, only if只有，in case/lest, as long as, as far as, unless, once, on condition that, on the assumption that, supposing that, provided that As

9、, as if/ as though, the way 2021/7/2614比較狀語從句 讓步狀語從句 Than, Asas, not soas., the 比較級, the 比較級 (more and more)Although, though, as, even if/even though, whetheror, no matter what/how/where/when/who/=whatever/however/wherever/whenever/whoever 2021/7/2615二、時間狀語從句注意事項1. when, while 和as用法比較1) When的用法a .wh

10、en表 當?shù)臅r候+ _性動詞eg: When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly When/ while all the students were sleeping soundly, the fire broke out.延續(xù) / 瞬時 2021/7/2616b. when表_（表動作發(fā)生的突然性） be doing whenbe about to do whenbe on the point of doing whenhad (just) done when/beforeeg: We were having

11、a meeting when someone broke in. c. when _eg.It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes表既然這時 2021/7/26172）while 的用法.a. while表_+ 延續(xù)性動詞 eg. Father was preparing a report while I was playing a computer game. I want my girls to experience the life in Spain whil

12、e they are young.當?shù)臅r候；趁的時候2021/7/2618b. while表_，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句常放在主句前 eg. While I am willing to help, I dont have much time.c. while表_ （并列連詞）-兩者對比，或輕微轉(zhuǎn)折eg.He is tall while his twin brother is rather short.d.while表 _，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句There will be life while there is water and air.盡管而，然而只要(同as long as)2021/7/2619

13、3）as可表示從句和主句兩個動作同時進行，可譯為_As the day went on, the weather got worse.“一邊.一邊”或“隨著”2021/7/2620即學(xué)即練：用when, while, as填空：How can he get good grades_ he wont study?I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop. _I was wandering through the street , I caught sight of a tailors shop. _h

14、e grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.There were some chairs left over_ everyone had sat down._ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. whenwhenwhenWhileWhileAs2021/7/26212.before和since的用法比較1) before的用法a. before表_eg. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. b. It

15、_+before在之前將多久；還要多久才eg.It wont be long before we meet again. / It was long before we met again.在之前；還未就; 還沒來得及就.;will be/wont be/ would be/wouldnt be/ was/ wasnt+一段時間2021/7/26222)since的用法 a.It is /has been +一段時間+since_ 動詞翻譯成_eg. It is two years since we met last time. 我們自從上次見面到現(xiàn)在兩年了。 b. It is /has be

16、en +一段時間+since_性動詞翻譯_eg. It is years since I enjoyed myself. 我多年沒有玩的這么愉快了 延續(xù) 自從不到現(xiàn)在已多長時間 瞬間 自從到現(xiàn)在已多長時間2021/7/2623 c. since表自從到現(xiàn)在 主句用_時態(tài) since從句用_時態(tài)e.g. Where have you been since I last saw you? d. since表既然時引起原因狀語從句，從句的時態(tài)看情況定e.g. Since he said so, it must true. 現(xiàn)在完成一般過去2021/7/2624即學(xué)即練：用before, since填

17、空：-How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? -Perhaps two or three years.-Take a cigarette, please. -No, thanks. It is three years_ I smoked.-Look! Those guys are sweating out the examination. - They should work hard _ it is too late. -Why didnt you tell him abou

18、t the meeting?- He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.beforebeforebeforesince2021/7/26253. until與till及 notuntil / till的用法1) until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。如：e.g.Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. I knew nothing about it till/ until he told me.他告訴我了我才知道。2021/7/26262) 當not unt

19、il位于句首時，主句中要使用部分倒裝語序：e.g.Not until she came back did I leave. = I didnt leave until she came back.在強調(diào)句型中一般用until，不用till，放到強調(diào)句型中不用部分倒裝。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.2021/7/26274. 表“一.就. ” 時hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan引起的句子中，前面的主句常用_

20、時，后面的從句用_時,_句常用部分倒裝：e.g. Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining.= He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.過去完成一般過去主2021/7/2628三原因狀語從句的注意事項1. because,

21、as, for , since /now that的區(qū)別because語氣最強表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情況下只能使用because:在回答why的問句時；在用于強調(diào)句型時；被not所否定時；連詞前有only, just, simply等修飾時。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.2021/7/2629for的語氣不及because, since, as強，為并列連詞，引導(dǎo)的分句常放在主句之后，從句前通常用逗

22、號，表示說話者為所做的推斷和預(yù)測提供理由，或?qū)η耙环志溥M行補充和解釋。如果不是因果關(guān)系，而是對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時，只能用for。Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。）2021/7/2630as/since/now that表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。As從句放在主句前或后，since/now that從句常放在主句前Seeing all of the children already seate

23、d, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”2021/7/2631四地點狀語從句的注意事項1.注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別Youd better make marks where you have any questions. （地點狀語從句無先行詞，黑體部分表作標記的地點）Youd better make marks at the place where/in which you have any questions.(定語從句the place作先行詞) Put the book where it belongs.

24、( 地點狀語從句)Put the book at the place where/to which it belongs. (定語從句)2021/7/2632五目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的注意事項1. in order that 與 so that的用法比較In order that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that 引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。e.g. Ill speak slowly so that/in order that you can follow me. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for

25、 the peak early.2021/7/26332. so+形容詞/副詞+that 從句 So+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句 So many/much(多)/few/little（少）+名詞+that從句 Such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句 Such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句2021/7/2634以上so或such引導(dǎo)的目的或結(jié)果狀語從句中，so或such置于句首時，主句要用_句式：e.g. So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the

26、difficult problems.倒裝2021/7/2635六條件狀語從句和方式狀語從句的注意事項1.unless與until的用法比較e.g. Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(=if you dont study hard強調(diào)條件.)We didnt go to bed until he came back.(強調(diào)時間)2021/7/2636即學(xué)即練：用unless或until填空Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himself._ our manager objects to Toms

27、 joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.They waited _ all of us arrived.unlessUnlessuntil2021/7/26372.as if 或as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。e.g. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.2021/7/2638七讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句的注意事項1.although

28、 與though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不與_連用，但可與_連用 e.g, Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.but yet, still或nevertheless2021/7/26392. though 還可作副詞，意“_”，置于句末，用逗號隔開 e.g. He hasnt finished the work; it doesnt matter, though. 可是，然而 2021/7/26403.though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝句式,但although 引導(dǎo)

29、的從句只能用正常語序。 e.g. Young as/though she is, she knows much. Child as/though she is, she knows much. Hard as/though she studied, she failed. Try as/though she might, she failed. 2021/7/2641Although she is young, she knows much.Although she is a child, she knows much. Although she studied hard, she faile

30、d.Although she might try, she failed.2021/7/26424. whetheror(不管還是);疑問詞+ever與no matter +疑問詞(不管;無論),都引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g. Whether you believe it or not, the story is true. Whatever/No matter what you say, he wont believe you.但疑問詞+ever除了引導(dǎo)上面的讓步狀語從句外， 還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，no matter+疑問詞只引 導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g. He wont believe what

31、ever you say.(賓語從句不可用no matter +疑問詞)2021/7/2643即學(xué)即練：用疑問詞+ever把句子補充完整_tomorrow(無論明天天氣什么樣)，our ship will set sail for Macao.Whatever the weather is like2021/7/2644八狀語從句的省略1.當 地點，時間， 條件，讓步狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語相同，狀語從句的謂語動詞又含有系動詞is,was,或were時，常把從句的主語與系動詞be一起省略；或當狀語從句中的主語是it, 狀語從句的謂語動詞是is或was時，常把從句中的主語it與系動詞is或w

32、as一起省略。2021/7/2645e.g. Dont speak until (you are) spoken to. She always sings while (she is) doing her work. While (I was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. Ill buy a TV set if (it is) necessary. As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= A

33、s/ When he was a young man,).2021/7/2646即學(xué)即練：Every evening after dinner, if not_ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tiredWhen _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compar

34、ed B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.A. against B. on C. for D. in2021/7/26472.比較狀語從句中的省略在對話中或特定的上下文中，由as或than引出的比較對象或內(nèi)容與主句重復(fù)的部分可以省略：E.g. -Is Mike more diligent than Andrew?- Oh no, he is half as diligent (as Andrew). How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice (than hers). F