激發(fā)碳提高磷利用的原理與磷肥減施增效課件

1、激發(fā)碳提高磷利用的原理與磷肥減施增效報告提綱一、激發(fā)碳和激發(fā)碳技術(shù)二、激發(fā)碳實現(xiàn)磷肥減施增效的技術(shù)原理三、激發(fā)碳技術(shù)的實施途徑與效果激發(fā)碳(Priming C)激發(fā)碳：能刺激、調(diào)節(jié)解磷微生物活性的有機碳源，包括根系和菌根真菌分泌物以及食品加工的廢液、作物秸稈、動物糞便等有機肥等廢棄物資源。報告提綱一、激發(fā)碳技術(shù)定義二、激發(fā)碳實現(xiàn)磷肥減施增效的技術(shù)原理三、激發(fā)碳技術(shù)的實施途徑與效果Microbial mediation of P mobilization from non-liable to liable formsCa-PAl-PFe-POccluded-PPhytateNucleic aci

2、dPhospholipidMicrobial biomass P poolCa_P Ca2+ + H2PO4-Al -P Al3+ + H2PO4-Fe -P Fe3+ + H2PO4-Fe -P Fe2+ + H2PO4-H+, carboxylatesphosphatasesolubilizationhydrolizationmonoester diester phytatePlant available P poolGluconic acidCitric acidreductaseALPaseACPasePhytaseSoil P poolMycorrhizosphereHyphosph

3、ere H+, PasePPi, Po mobilizationHPO42- H2PO4- CPhotosynthesisH+OAAPaseCCMicroorganism CO215-60%(Marschner, 2012)PPi, Po mobilizationHPO42- H2PO4- PMBP(Richardson et al., 2011) (Wang et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2014) (Richardson and Simpson, 2011) Prime4-20% Carbonhydrates(Pearson & Jakobson, 1993) A

4、ttachment, growth, community composition(Toljander et al., 2006, 2007; Scheublin et al., 2010)C(Staddon et al., 2003;Fitter et al., 2004;Godbold et al., 2006)Interactions被土壤固定了的磷肥再活化利用的過程必須通過生物間互作實現(xiàn)：根際生物互作根系驅(qū)動菌絲際生物互作菌根驅(qū)動The principle of C/P regulating MBP in soils:rducing C/P by starter P or increas

5、ing C/P by C inputLegacy P mobilization or microbial immobilizationmobilizationimmobilizationP limitC limitP fluxSoil C:P ratioZhang et al. 2018 Frontier in MicrobiologyCase 1: Long-term effects of organic C input on microbial biomass P pool built up in China. R=MBP: 2.49MBC: 1.60MBN: 1.46Xe (MBP, M

6、BC and MBN in the organic C applied treatment)Xc (MBP, MBC and MBN in the control treatment)Input organic C has positive effects on MBPMBP(33)MBC(37)MBN(10)Effect value RMeta-analysis: Web of Science, CNKIThe relationship between SOC vs MBPWhen SOC increase 1 unit, MBP increase 0.64 unit.When SOC in

7、crease 1 unit, MBP increase 0.74 unit.pH7pH7段一盛 2016Case 2: rhizosphere interaction Reducing C/P in rhizosphere by starter P improve microbial mediated utilization efficiency of soil phosphorusZhang et al. 2014 SBB;2014 J Plant Inter; Zhang et al. 2014 Soil Bio. Biochem*13Manipulation of Microbial P

8、 mobilization and immobilizationMicrobial P mobilization increased with increasing C:P ratio；Microbial P immobilization is determined by both liable P and C levels;Releasing of Microbial Immobilized P can be achieved by adjusting C:P ratioGlucose and Pi applicationGlucose and Pi applicationMicrobial

9、 P mobilization index Microbial P immobilizationPeng Yi, Wang Xiao et al. unpl Case 3: Hyphosphere interaction (a)(e)(d)(b)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(b)(a)(c)13CO2 pulse labelingAssimilation of 13C labeled plant photosynthates by AMF associated PSB: Evidences from 13C-DNA-SIP5Priming effect of mycorrhizal hyph

10、ae exudate on P mobilization in hyphospherePseudomonas alcaligenesP uptakeSoil phytate-PSoil microbial P*AM fungal exudates play a role in priming the PSB mediated phytate-P mineralization and turnover in hyphosphere Higher C:PLower C:PHigher C:PLower C:PHigher C:PLower C:PZhang et al. 2014 Soil Bio

11、l. Biochem.; New Phytol 2016Hypothesis: sugars released by AMF hyphae are not only nutrients for bacterium, but also signal molecules to trigger P mineralization by the bacterium.Phosphatase genemRNAPhosphatase proteinII, IV PSSPhosphatase in the soilSugars in hyphal exudatesSTSugarsST: Sugar transp

12、orterII, IV PSS: Type II and IV protein secretory systemBacterial cell18Zhang et al., 2018, The ISME JournalFructose plays roles as both carbon source and signal molecule triggering bacteria-mediated soil P mobilization.AMF hyphae recruits PSB community and provides a function that was absent in the

13、 hyphaeALP producing bacterial communitiesZhang et al., 2018, Environmental MicrobiologyAMF-PSB enhance soil mobilization in the field報告提綱一、激發(fā)碳技術(shù)定義二、激發(fā)碳實現(xiàn)磷肥減施增效的技術(shù)原理三、激發(fā)碳技術(shù)的實施途徑與效果Priming the microbial mediated soil P mobilization by application of soluble C in fertigation system Peng et al. unpubli

14、shedCK，no P fertilizer； P，MAP； C，no P fertilizer+ CCQ，no P fertilizer+CQ1 kg C equally to 10 kg/ha P2O5 P fertilizer !Relative yield of cotton lint (%)Relative respiration rate(%)Relative ALP activity (%)水稻季施肥處理磷肥投入作物帶走磷表觀平衡磷肥利用率（%）不還田/不施肥02.46-2.46-不還田+化肥4.002.671.335.3%農(nóng)戶傳統(tǒng)（還田x1）1.142.69-1.5518.9%

15、還田x11.142.68-1.5419.3%還田x1+化肥1.142.721.286.5%還田x22.282.780.514.1%還田x2+化肥4.002.711.296.3%還田x33.422.720.77.6%還田x3+化肥4.002.731.276.8%水稻季菜葉還田（2000kg/畝，1x還田）養(yǎng)分含量： N:4.64; P2O5:1.14; K2O:2.18（ kg /畝），C/P 為27:1長江流域水稻推薦施肥：N:10; P2O5:4; K2O:5 （kg/畝）陵地區(qū)榨菜葉還田提高水稻磷肥率14個百分點幻燈來源：西南大學(xué) 張勇副教授稻-麥輪作有機肥替代磷肥:“激發(fā)碳” 可補償P2

16、O5 32 kg/ha有機肥替代磷肥和減磷2036%不影響水稻產(chǎn)量，但磷肥利用率顯著提高幻燈來源：南京農(nóng)大 郭世偉教授Take home messageC/P driven force: Cooperation between plant-AMF-PSB is regulated by C:P ratio in rhizosphere and hyphosphere. Signal beyond nutrition: Fructose exuded by AMF not only is a carbon source, but also plays a role as a signal molecule triggering bacteria-mediated organic phosphorus