英譯漢理論與實踐精選版課件

1、英譯漢理論與實踐練習參考答案程永生1khk說 明 此次更新，為英譯漢譯論與實踐練習及參考答案制作了全部課件，但為網(wǎng)絡空間計，這里僅為每章提供兩道練習和兩個參考答案。2khk目錄第一章 英美時文選段漢譯第二章 美國總統(tǒng)就職演說選段漢譯第三章 英國名家演說選段漢譯第四章 英美小說選段漢譯第五章 美國文學史選段漢譯第六章 國外翻譯理論著作選段漢譯3khk第一章 英美時文選段漢譯Exercises 1 24khkExercise 1: They considered that such work is of particular relevance in helping developing coun

2、tries, in particular governments and SMEs, to better understand and participate in processes under way in other intergovernmental organizations dealing with telecommunications and their trade applications, in particular the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization. 5khkAna

3、lysis and translation:1 Analysis of the original2 Staged translation6khk1 Analysis of the original:1) Grammatical analysis2) Stylistic analysis7khk1)Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure(2) Additional complication8khk(1) Sentence structure: The selection consists of a single complex sentence,

4、composed of a main clause and an object clause. 9khk(2) Additional complication: In the sentence, in particular governments and SMEs is embedded as a parenthesis; at the end of the sentence, in particular the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization is also embedded as a p

5、arenthesis. 10khk2) Stylistic analysis:(1) Periodicity(2) Structural complication(3) Parallel structure(4) Cohesive device(5) Structural and lexical formality11khk(1) Periodicity: The selection is periodic in structure for the embedding of the parentheses, especially the one in the middle of the sen

6、tence.12khk(2) Structural complication: The selection is structurally complicated for the fact that it is composed of a complex sentence with two parenthetic structures embedded.13khk(3) Parallel structure: In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, governments and SMEs;

7、 to better understand and participate; telecommunications and their trade applications; the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization; in other intergovernmental organizations dealing with telecommunications and their trade applications, and in particular the International

8、Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization. 14khk(4) Cohesive device: The selection is coherent thanks to the use of the following cohesive devices: structurally, parallel structures are frequently used; lexically, particular, organization, telecommunications, and others are repeatedly us

9、ed; government is used as a partial repetition for intergovernmental, though of different categories; and in particular is repeated. 15khk(5) Structural and lexical formality: The selection is structurally formal in that the sentence the selection is composed of is grammatically complete and free fr

10、om colloquial structures; it is lexically formal in that in the selection, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, consider, particular, relevance, developing, country, government, understand, participate, telecommunications, and others. 16khk2 Staged translation:1

11、) Translation 1 with comments2) Translation 2 with comments3) Translation 3 with comments17khk1) Translation 1 他們認為，這樣的工作在幫助發(fā)展中國家，尤其在幫助政府和中小企業(yè)，關系甚為密切，以更好地理解并參與到正在進行的過程中去，參與到其他政府間的組織中去，應付通訊和電訊的貿易應用，尤其在國際電訊聯(lián)盟和世界貿易組織中。18khkComments: The translation, produced by following the original strictly, has miss

12、ed some important relations concerned with the fact that the International Telecommunications Union and World Trade Organization is among other intergovernmental organizations, which, including ITU and WTO, are dealing with telecommunications and their trade applications, as revealed in the grammati

13、cal analysis. 19khk2) Translation 2 他們認為，這種工作對幫助發(fā)展中國家，尤其對幫助政府和中小企業(yè)，關系尤為密切，以便它們更好地理解并參與到其他政府間的組織正在著手進行的電訊及其在貿易中的應用的進程中去，特別要參與到國際電訊聯(lián)盟和世貿組織中的活動中去。20khkComments: With the wordings reorganized, the present translation has caught the important relations as discussed above. However, 活動in the last line rema

14、ins incongruous in the context.21khk3) Translation 3: 他們認為，此項工作對幫助發(fā)展中國家關系重大，尤其對政府和中小企業(yè)。其他政府間的組織，尤其是世界電訊聯(lián)盟和世貿組織，正在研究電訊和電訊在貿易中的應用，讓發(fā)展中國家了解這些進程，參與到這些進程中去，尤為重要。22khkComments: The present translation is reorganized again, and to a large extent, irrespective of the original structures. Consequently, it so

15、unds more logic, coherent, authentic and readable either locally or taking the text as a whole. This example shows that English textualization much depends on grammatical patterning while Chinese textualization much depends on logic sequencing.23khkExercise 2: The meeting considered that the recomme

16、ndations made by the United Nations International Symposium on Trade Efficiency in the sector of telecommunications remain a valid basis for the continuation of intergovernmental activities in the area of the telecommunications, business facilitation and trade efficiency. The experts underlined that

17、 UNCTAD should pursue its work in this area by complementing UNISTE recommendations through the consideration of a number of recent trends and events, which have been and will continue to be of critical importance for the competitiveness of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises,

18、 in the years to come.24khkAnalysis and translation:1 Analysis of the original2 Staged translation25khk1 Analysis of the original:1) Grammatical analysis2) Stylistic analysis26khk1)Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure(2) Additional complication27khk(1) Sentence structure: The selection consis

19、ts of two sentences, of which the first is a complex sentence, containing a main clause and an object clause, in subjunctive mood; and the second sentence is similarly a complex sentence, containing a main clause and an object clause, also in subjunctive mood, with an attributive clause further embe

20、dded. 28khk(2) Additional complication: In the attributive clause in the object clause of the second sentence, especially small and medium-sized enterprises is embedded as a parenthesis, grammatically in apposition to enterprises that goes before. In the object clause of the first sentence, the word

21、 recommendations is modified by the past participle phrase that follows. 29khk2) Stylistic analysis:(1) Periodicity(2) Structural complication(3) Parallel structure(4) Cohesive device(5) Structural and lexical formality30khk(1) Periodicity: Of the two sentences in the selection, the first is loose i

22、n structure while the second is a periodic sentence for the embedding of a parenthesis. 31khk(2) Structural complication: The two sentences are both structurally complicated for the fact that they are both complex sentences, and the second sentence is periodic in structure.32khk(3) Parallel structur

23、e: In the selection, parallel structures are used, for example, in the first sentence, telecommunications, business facilitation and trade efficiency are parallel, and in the second sentence, trends and events and small and medium are parallel. And the two sentences are structurally parallel. 33khk(

24、4) Cohesive device: The selection is coherent thanks to the use of the following cohesive devices: structurally, parallel structures are used; lexically, recommendations and United Nations International Symposium on Trade Efficiency, enterprises are repeated; consideration is used as a partial repet

25、ition for consider; consider is used as a near synonym for underline; and so on. 34khk(5) Structural and lexical formality: The selection is formal in that structurally, the sentences the selection is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures, and lexically, formal w

26、ords, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, consider, recommendation, international, symposium, intergovernmental; and UNCTAD, UNISTE, and many others. 35khk2 Staged translation:1) Translation 1 with comments2) Translation 2 with comments3) Translation 3 with comments36khk1) T

27、ranslation 1 會議認為，聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議提出的建議，在電訊方面的，作為在電訊、促進企業(yè)和貿易效率方面繼續(xù)政府間活動的基礎仍然是有效的。專家們強調聯(lián)合國貿易和發(fā)展會議應該用通過考慮最近的許多傾向和事件來執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議的建議在此領域做好工作。這些傾向和事件對企業(yè)的競爭性一直具有、將來仍然具有十分重要的意義，在今后的幾年中，對中小企業(yè)尤其如此。37khkComments: The translation tries to be authentic and readable by following the original structure rigidly, thou

28、gh with some readjustments made for the translation of the last part of the second sentence and of some end-positioned attributes scattered in the selection. This way of translation is problematic if the original sentence is too long and the structure is very complicated.38khk2) Translation 2 會議認為，聯(lián)

29、合國貿易效率國際會議提出的關于電訊方面的建議，在電訊、促進企業(yè)發(fā)展和提高貿易效率方面，作為政府間繼續(xù)開展活動的基礎仍然是有效的。最近出現(xiàn)了許多新的趨勢和事件，專家們強調聯(lián)合國貿易和發(fā)展會議應該用通過考慮最近的許多新趨勢和事件來執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議的建議在此領域做好自身的工作。這些傾向和事件對企業(yè)的競爭性一直具有、將來仍然具有十分重要的意義，在今后的幾年中，對中小企業(yè)尤其如此。 39khkComments: In the present translation, some readjustments are made on the previous, but not sufficientl

30、y made, for the sentences in the translation are still a little bit too long and somewhat incoherent. For example, the translation consists three long sentences and the second clause in the second sentence consists of 61 Chinese characters. In other words, the second sentence could be retranslated a

31、gainst Chinese norms in the following manner: 最近出現(xiàn)了許多新的趨勢和事件，專家們強調指出，聯(lián)合國貿易和發(fā)展會議應該考慮這些趨勢和事件，以便執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議提出的各項建議，在此領域做好自身的工作.40khk3) Translation 3 聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議認為，會議提出的有關電訊方面的建議，在電訊、促進企業(yè)發(fā)展和提高貿易效率等領域，仍應作為繼續(xù)開展政府間合作活動的基礎。最近出現(xiàn)了許多新動向，發(fā)生了許多新事件。這些新動向和新事件，對提高企業(yè)的競爭力，尤其對中小企業(yè)，一直具有十分重要的意義，將來也是如此。專家們強調指出聯(lián)合國貿易和發(fā)展會

32、議應考慮這些新動向和新事件，以便執(zhí)行聯(lián)合國貿易效率國際會議提出的各項建議，在上述領域做好自身的工作。 41khkComments: In the present translation, necessary readjustments are made on the previous, by fronting some parts and pushing other parts further back. The greatest readjustment made lies in that the original contains two parallel sentences, each

33、dealing an aspect of meaning. In the translation, however, three sentences are used, of which two are parallel and the two are cut off by a third sentence in between, not parallel to either of the two. In addition, the ideas in the intervening sentence could be found at the end of the second sentenc

34、e in the original. With above-mentioned readjustments made, authenticity, coherence and readability are greatly reinforced but the original ideas are not difficult to spot out in the translation, though not sequenced in the original way. 42khk第二章 美國總統(tǒng)就職演說漢譯Exercises 212243khkExercise 21: Before conc

35、luding, fellow-citizens, I must say something to you on the subject of the parties at this time existing in our country. To me it appears perfectly clear that the interest of that country requires that the violence of the spirit by which those parties are at this time governed must be greatly mitiga

36、ted, if not entirely extinguished, or consequences will ensure which are appalling to be thought of. (William. H. Harrison, The Parties in Our Country) 44khkAnalysis and translation:1 Analysis of the original2 Staged translation45khk1 Analysis of the original:1) Grammatical analysis2) Stylistic anal

37、ysis46khk1)Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure(2) Additional complication47khk(1) Sentence structure: The selection consists of two sentences, of which the first is a simple sentence and the second is a complex sentence, containing a main clause and an object clause, and the object clause in

38、 turn contains two coordinate object clauses, in the first of which, there is an attributive clause embedded in the subject part. 48khk(2) Additional complication: The first sentence begins with a prepositional phrase and a vocative; and the second sentence begins with a prepositional phrase, and in

39、 the main clause, it serves as a formal subject while the clause that the interest of our country serves as the real subject, and if not entirely extinguished serves as a parenthesis. 49khk2) Stylistic analysis:(1) Periodicity(2) Structural complication(3) Parallel structure(4) Cohesive device(5) St

40、ructural and lexical formality50khk(1) Periodicity: The selection consists of two periodic sentences, of which the first begins with a prepositional phrase with a vocative inserted between the prepositional phrase and the subject of the sentence and the second sentence begins with a prepositional ph

41、rase and in the second coordinate clause of the second tier subordination, if not entirely extinguished is inserted as a parenthesis. 51khk(2) Structural complication: The second sentence is complex in structure but the two are both periodic sentences. 52khk(3) Parallel structure: In the selection,

42、parallel structures could hardly be found. 53khk(4) Cohesive device: The selection is coherent thanks to the use of the following lexical and grammatical cohesive devices: you is used to refer to fellow-citizens; me is used as a partial repetition of I; and our is used to refer to both you and I. 54

43、khk(5) Structural and lexical formality: The selection is formal in that structurally, the sentences it is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures, and lexically, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, conclude, citizen, subject,

44、 party, appear, perfectly, interest, country, require, violence and others. 55khk2 Staged translation:1) Translation 1 with comments2) Translation 2 with comments3) Translation 3 with comments56khk1) Translation 1: 同胞們，在結束之前，我必須就此時存在于我們國家的政黨這個話題對你們說幾句。在我看來，非常清楚，這個國家的利益要求，如果此時這些政黨為精神的破壞所控制，這種精神的破壞，如果

45、不會完全熄滅，也會大大減輕，否則，其結果會確保令人思而顫栗。57khkComments: By following the original strictly or even rigidly, we have produced a translation whose middle part is difficult for the Chinese reader to understand. For example, what is meant by 精神破壞? Therefore, it is quite clear that that part should be retranslated

46、with other parts readjusted accordingly. 58khk2) Translation 2: 同胞們，在結束我的講話之前，我想就我們國家的現(xiàn)存政黨這個話題和大家說幾句。在我看來，非常清楚，我們國家的利益要求，我們國家的政黨正在為暴力精神所控制，這種精神必須大大削弱，如果不是徹底根除的話。否則其結果肯定會難以想象，會令人不寒而栗。 59khkComments: In the present translation, improvements have been made on the previous translation. First, 在結束我的講話之前a

47、nd我想就我們國家的現(xiàn)存政黨這個話題和大家說幾句are substituted for the previous translations; second, the second sentence of the original has now been translated into在我看來，非常清楚，我們國家的利益要求，我們國家的政黨正在為暴力精神所控制，這種精神必須大大削弱，如果不是徹底根除的話。否則其結果肯定會難以想象，會令人不寒而栗, a complete new translation though possible to be improved on. 60khk3) Trans

48、lation 3: 同胞們，我在結束發(fā)言之前，想就我們國家的現(xiàn)存政黨這個話題說說我的意見。我們國家的政黨動輒就情緒激動。在我看來，非常清楚，為了國家的利益，這種現(xiàn)象，如果不能徹底根除也必須大大削弱，否則結果肯定會不堪設想。 61khkComments: In the present translation, improvements have been made on the previous translation. First, 在結束我的講話之前and我想就我們國家的現(xiàn)存政黨這個話題和大家說幾句are replaced by我在結束發(fā)言之前and想就我們國家的現(xiàn)存政黨這個話題說說我的意見

49、; second, 我們國家的政黨動輒就情緒激動is fronted; third, 為了國家的利益，這種情況，如果不能徹底根除也必須大大削弱and否則結果肯定會不堪設想are substituted for the previous translations, and so on. Consequently, the present translation sounds more Chinese than English with coherence, readability and authenticity improved in an all round way. 62khkExerci

50、se 22: If parties in a republic are necessary to secure a degree of vigilance sufficient to keep the public functionaries within the bounds of law and duty, at that point their usefulness ends. Beyond that they become destructive of public virtue, the parent of a spirit antagonist to that of liberty

51、, and eventually its inevitable conqueror. (William. H. Harrison, The Parties in Our Country)63khkAnalysis and translation:1 Analysis of the original2 Staged translation64khk1 Analysis of the original:1) Grammatical analysis2) Stylistic analysis65khk1)Grammatical analysis:(1) Sentence structure(2) A

52、dditional complication66khk(1) Sentence structure: The selection consists of two sentences, of which the first is a complex sentence, consisting of an adverbial clause of condition and a main clause and the second is a simple sentence. 67khk(2) Additional complication: The first sentence begins with

53、 an adverbial clause of condition followed by a prepositional phrase; and the second sentence begins with a prepositional phrase and the three phrases after become are in coordination. 68khk2) Stylistic analysis:(1) Periodicity(2) Structural complication(3) Parallel structure(4) Cohesive device(5) S

54、tructural and lexical formality69khk(1) Periodicity: The two sentences are periodic in structure in that the first sentence begins with an adverbial clause of condition followed by a prepositional phrase and the second sentence begins with a prepositional phrase. 70khk(2) Structural complication: Th

55、e two sentences are structurally complicated in that the first sentence is complex in structure and in the second sentence, three predicative complements are in coordination; and the two sentences are periodic in structure. 71khk(3) Parallel structure: In the selection, parallel structures are used,

56、 for example, law and duty; and destructive of public virtue, the parent of a spirit antagonist to that of liberty, and eventually its inevitable conqueror. 72khk(4) Cohesive device: The selection is coherent thanks to the use of the following cohesive devices: structurally, parallel structures are

57、used; lexically, that in at that point and beyond that is used to refer to what has gone before; they in they become is used to substitute for parties; its in its inevitable conqueror is used in relation to that of liberty; that in that of liberty is used to substitute for spirit; public is repeated

58、 once, and so on. 73khk(5) Structural and lexical formality:The selection is formal in that structurally, the sentences it is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures, and lexically, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, necessar

59、y, secure, vigilance, sufficient, functionaries, destructive, antagonist, and others. 74khk2 Staged translation:1) Translation 1 with comments2) Translation 2 with comments3) Translation 3 with comments75khk1) Translation 1: 如果公眾中的政黨對于確保一定程度的警覺、足能使公務員保持在法律和職責范圍之內是必要的話，到這一點，政黨的有用性就停止了。超出這個范圍，政黨就會對公共道

60、德起消解作用，就成了反對自由精神的那種精神之父，而且最終會成為自由精神的征服者。 76khkComments: The translation is executed by following the original strictly with only minor changes made to cater for the Chinese taste. Consequently, sentences are too long and expressions sound too exotic, necessitating that readjustments should be furthe