2020年高考北京卷英語(yǔ)試題(含答案和解析)

1、絕密本科目考試啟用向2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（北京巻英 語(yǔ)本試卷共12貝，共120分考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)IOO分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效.考試結(jié)束后，將車試卷和答題卡并交冋 笫一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共Ie）小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在束給提示詞的空口處僅塡寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出握示詞的空口處用 招號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形茨填空OliVCr is a host Of a TV PrOgramme on fbod. HC SNyS food (PIay) a big role in bis IifCMy rnum

2、 WaS a great cook, anc Sh(Td Xometimcslct me have a try, he said. The first dish Oliv,er PrCPared fr his family WaS fried ChiCken wings. He Ina(Ie it With is InUnI*s help. OIiVeTSay5 if youwre 2 (IUCk) enough to have SOmeOne ClOSe to you WhO enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you CanljOin in WhCn its POSSib

3、ICBSingIC*usc PIaStiC bags are used at most a few timc before they 4 (throw) away It takes them hundreds Of years 5_ (break) down. Many Of IheSC bags Cnd UP in the GCCan WherC larger ones Can IraP Sea creatures, SUCh as IUrtles and dolphins. OVer time, the bags fall apart 6 COUntICSS tiny pieces, an

4、d fish CajI accidentally eat SOme OftiICm NOWIOtS Of 7 (COUntry) and regions are taking action to ban the Sale of SUCh bags to stp PeOPle USing them.A PiCCe Of StolIe 8 (find On a Dtch beach suggests that or extinct human relatives, known as NCanderthaISW Were clcvrcr Ihan PTCVieIUSIy thought. The N

5、wiidtrthals 9 (Iivt) along0lc human ancstois in EUrdPe for tens of thuad Of years, efre dying OIlt about 40,000 years ago. ThCy Were IlIUeh SlrOngCrIhan modem umans9 but it,s Iong been assumed that human ancestors Were 10 (SnIart) than the Neanderthals. However, the StoiIe tool made by NenderthaIS S

6、UggeStS OlheTWiSe 第二節(jié)完形境空C共20小題；每小題M分，共30分閱讀下面短文，家握其大意，從毎題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出址佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂 黑My IaiCh in human InatlJrC has never been so great as it WaS IaSl weekend acr OUr family get-together in tc town Of Vail.On SatUrday, WC all Went to the market right in the IniddIe Of the town. Near Ihe end,

7、 We all 11 at the ibuntain near the bridgeF nd the kids Wiaded XK) around in the fountain Until We 12 . ThiS is One Of the busiest Walking streets-After We returned to the hotel IatC in. the afternoon, my 7-yearold SOn Ponder 13 that nowhere COUld he find his backpack, WhiCh _14_ his GamCboy and i w

8、atch. After a thorough 15 . we determined that he must have Ieft it at Ihe fountain POnCkT has never 16 anything SO WCjUSt IakC for granted that he IICCd5 no SUPCTViSioll (捋導(dǎo))for managing his17He WaS upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the WatChBut Dad, he SaidV through massive 18 , they don,t m

9、ake that kind Of WatCh anymore.M We Were all VeTy 19 OUr dinner reservation WaS at a restaurant just On the Other Side Of the bridge, SO I 20 him Ihat We WOUld not Only SearCh the area around the fountain When We Went back for dinner, but We WOUld also find the POliCe and ask them if the backpack ba

10、d been 21 AS We exited from the Parking garage, We COUId See the fountain as We Walked down the IOng StairCaSe I SaW Something black 22 there, but it WaS right next to a WOman Standing by the fountain, SO 1 COUId not 23 What it WaS Or if it WaS hers.“See it. Dad? POnder shouted. ikDon*t get too 24 b

11、ecause that may not be it/* I said. BUt that WaS it. It had been five Or SiX hours SinCe We Ieft the fountain, and it WaS 25 there .There WaS no ID in i and it IOOked Iike SOmeOne had IOOkCd through it and then SCt it right OUt WhCrC all COUld 26 一it.1 IitCralIy 27 WhCn WC reached it and it WaS his!

12、 EVeryOnC in OUr Party WaS blown away by this miracle （奇跡）” In Iny WiIdeSt 28 I WoUId never have imagined that this COUId happen nowadaysWhat a Charmed Iife5 eh? I believe this WaS a PerfeCt _ for a ChiId in IOSing SOnlething important. to IOSe it and feel the ftll 30 Of that loss, and then to mirac

13、ulously get it back.11.A.dvcB. hikedC.metD.UnitCd12A.IandCdB. ICftC.SCttkdD.SlCPt13A.respondedB. recognisedC,realisedD.recalled14.A.COntainedB COmbinedC.COmPriSedD.COVered15.A.PreParatiOnB CheCIaIPC.revisionD.SearCh16.A.WaStCdB. IOStC.SOUghtD.deserted17.A.emotionB timeC.moneyD.stuff18.A.tearsB fists

14、C.reliefsD.OUtbreakS19.A.hesitantB CUrioUSC.SadD.eager20.A.PromiSCdB. informedC.WamCdD.taught2LA.WOm OUtB. CaUght UPC.PUt awayD.turned in22.A.hidingB SittingC.SWingingD.flowing23.A.assessB declareC.tellDPrCdiCt24.A.CXCitCdB. PUZZIedC-relaxedD.amused25.A.alreadyB. evenC.almostD.Still26.A.takeB. SeeC.

15、touchD.PrOteCt27.PaniCkCdB CXPlOdCdC-COlIaPSCdD.CriCd2&A.dreamsB ClaimSC.effortsD.PaSSiOnS29.A.modeB IeSSOnC.OPtiOnD.PlOt30.A.rangeB. PreSSUreC.WeightD.harvest第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中.選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALZanCOm is a WOrldWide IangUage Ieaming app and a Ieader

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23、LanCOln CIaimS that it is UniqUe in its .A. PerSOnaIiSed COUrSeS B multiple languagesC. PriCing POIiCy D SerViCe teamBBaggy has become Ihe first dog in the UKand POtentiany the WorId一to join the fight against air POllUtiOn by recording POllUtallt IeVelS near the groundBaggy WearS a POnUtiOn monitor

24、On her COnar SO She Can take data measurements CIOSe to the ground HeF monitor has ShOWn that air POlIUtiOn IeVeIS are higher CIOSer to ground level, WhiCh has helped highlight COnCemS that babies and young kids may be at higher risk Of（IeVeIoPing IUng problems.ConVentiOnaI air POllUtiOn InOnitOrS a

25、re normally fixed On IamPPOStS at about nine feet in the air. However, SinCe3/10Baggy StandS at about the Same heiglt as a ChiId in a PUShChair （嬰兒車）,She frequently records PoIIUtiOn IeVelS WhiCh are much higher than the data gathered by the EnVirOnment AgenCy.The doggy data research WaS tbe idea Of

26、Baggy,s 13-year-old OWner TOm HUnt and his dad Matt. The EngIiSh youngster noticed that POllUtiOn IeVeIS are around two-thirds higher ClOSe to the ground than they are in the air at the height Where they are recorded by the agcncy. TOm has SinCe TePortCd the ShoCking findings to the government in an

27、 attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk Of developing asthma （哮喘）Matt HUnt Said he WaS Srery PRxKr OfhiS Son because 4when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets On With it, and he really does Want to do SOme good and StoP young kids from getting asthma/*UTOnl built UP a

28、PaSSiOn for CnVirOnmCntal PrOleCtiOn at a VCry CarIy age/* Matt added “He became VCry interested in gadgets （小裝置） AbOUt One year ago, he got this new PieCe Of tech WhiCh is Iike a test tbe. One SUnday afternoon, We Went OUt to do SOme monitoring, and he said,4 why dont We PUt it On Baggy5S COlIar an

29、d Iet her monitor the POllUtion?* SO We did it.”TOm said, Most Of the time, Baggy is just Iike any Other dog. BUt for the rest Of Ihe time She is a SUPer dog, and We are all really PrOUd Ofherr34. With a monitor On her COnarJ Baggy Can A take POllUtant readings B record POlIUtant IeVeISC ProCeSS COl

30、leCted data D reduce air POlIUtion35 Wrhat Can We Iearn from the Baggy data?A High PIaCCS are free Of air PollUtiOn.B Higher PUShChairS are more risky for kids.C COnVentiOnal monitors are more reliableD Air is more PollUted ClOSer to the ground36 What is TOmt PUrPoSC Ordoing IhC research?A TO Wam Of

31、 a health risk. B. TO find OUt POlIUtiOn SOUrCeSC. TO test his new monitor. D TO ProVe Baggy%s abilities37 ACCOrding to the passage, WhiCh WOrd CaII best describe TOm Hunt?A Modest. B. GenerOUS C. Creative. D OUtgOingCFOr the PaSt five years, Paula Smith, a historian Of science, has devoted herself

32、to re-creating Iong-forgotten techniques. WhiIe doing research for her new book, She Came across a 16th-centuy FrenCh manuscript （手稿）COnSiSting Of nearly 1,000 SetS Of instructions, COVering SUbjeCtS from tool Tnaking to finding the best sand.ThC authorfs intention remains as mysterious G申秘）as his n

33、ame; he may have been SimPly taking notes for his OWn records. BUt Smith WaS StrUCk mainly by the fact that She didn,t truly grasp any Of the SkiIlS the author described. ,You SimPly cant get an UnderStanding Of that handwork by reading about itt She says.ThOUgh Smith did get her hands On the best s

34、and, doing things the Old-fashioned Way isn,t just about Playing around With FrenCh mud. ReCOnStrUCting the WOrk Of the CraftSmen （IEPr） WhO IiVed CentUrieS ago Can reveal how they VieWed the world, What ObjeCtS filled their homes, and What Went On in the WOrkShOPS that PrOdUCed them. 1（ CaiI even h

35、elp SOIVe present- day problems: In 2015, SCientiStS discovered that a 1 Oth-CentUry EngliSh medicine for eye PrObIemS COUld kill a drug-resistantVirUS-The WOrk has also brought insights for museums, Smith SayS OnC must know how an ObjeCt WaS made in Order to PrCSCrVC it. Whdll more, reconslructions

36、 might be the Only Way to know Whal treasures looked IikC before time WOre IhCm down. SChOIarS have SCen this idea in PraCtiCC With ancient Greek and Roman StatUeS- TheSC SCUIPtUrCS WerC Painted a rainbow Of Striking COIOUrS WC cant appreciate these kinds Of details WithOUt SCCing WorkS Of art 合S th

37、ey OriginalIy appearedSOmething Smith believes you Can do Only When you have a road map.Smith has PUt the manuscripts ideas into PraCtiCe HeT final goal is to Iink the WOrIdS Of art and SCienCe back together. She believes that bringing the OId recipes to Iife Can help develop a kind Ofleaming that h

38、ighlights experimentation, teamwork, and PrOblem solving.BaCk When SCienCethen CaIled the new philosophy”一took shape, academics IOoked to CraftSmen for help in UnderStanding the natural world. MiCrOSpes and telescopes Were invented by Way Of artistic tinkering （修補(bǔ)），as CraftSmen CXPerimented With gla

39、ss to better bend light.If We Can rediscover the VaIUeS OfhandS-On experience and CrafhVork, Sinith SaySt We Can marry the best Of OUr modem insights With the handiness Of OUr ancestors 38 HOW did SInith feel after reading the FrenCh manuscript?A. COnftISed about the technical terms.B ImPrCSSCd WiIh

40、 its detailed instructions.C DiSCOUraged by its COmPieX structureD ShOCked for her OWn IaCk Of hand skills.39 ACCOrding to Smith, IhC reconstruction WOrk is done mainly to A restore Old WOrkShOPS B. UndCrStand the CraftSmCnC improve ViSUaI effects D inspire the PhiIOSOPherS40. Why does the author me

41、ntion museums?A TO reveal the beauty Of ancient ObjCCtSB TO PrCSCnt the findings Of OId SCiCnCeC TO highlight the importance Of antiques.D TO emphasise the VaIUeS Of hand skills.41 WhiCh WOUld be the best title for this passage?A. CraftSmeII Set the TrendS for AItiStSB CraftSmanShiP LCadS to NCW ThC

42、OriCSC CraftSmanShiP MakeS Better SCientiStSD CraftSnlCn ReShaPe the FUhIre Of SCiCnCeDCCrtain forms Of AI arc indeed becoming UbiaUiIOus. FOr example, algorithms （算法）Carry OUt huge VOlUnICS Of Irading On OUr financial markets, SeIf-driving CarS are appearing On City streets and OUr SmartPhoneS are

43、translating from OnC IangUagC into another ThCSe SyStemS arc SOmCtimCS fastw and more PCrCCPtiVC than We humans arc. BUt SO far that is OnIy IrUC for IhC SPCCifiC IaSkS for WhiCh IhC SySlCmS have been designed That is SOmCthing Ihat SOmC AI developers arc now CagCr t Change SOraC Of today*s Al PiOnC

44、CrS Want to move On from todays WOrld Of UWCakM Or narrow Al, to CrCatC 44StrongM Or ufl, I. Or What is Often CaIIed artificial general intelligence （AGI）. In SOme respects, today9s POWerftd COmPUting machines already Inake OIIr brains IOOk weak. AGI could, its advocates say, WOrk for US around the

45、clock, and drawing On all available data1 CoUld SUggCSt SOJUtiOnS to many PrObIems. DM, a COmPany focused On the development Of AGI, has an ambition to SOIVe Intelligencet Tf we*re SUCCeSSfUItM their mission Statement reads, we believe this WilI be One Of the most important and WidCly beneficial SCi

46、CntifiC advances CVCr made.SinCe the early days Of I, imagination has OUtPaCed What is POSSible Or even PrObable In 1965, an imaginative mathematician CaIIed In,ing Good PrCdiCted the CVentUal CreatiOn Ofan MUltraintelligent machine that Can far SUrPaSS all the intellectual （智力的）activities Of any ma

47、n, however CIeVerr Good Went On to SUggeSt that the first UItra-intelIigent machine uld be *the IaSt invention that man need ever make.nFearS about the appearance Ofbact powerful, Inan-Inade intelligent InaChineS have ben reinforced （強(qiáng)It） by many WOrkS Of fictionMary Shelleys FrankenStein and the Te

48、rminatOr film series, for example. BUt if AI docs CVCntUally PrOVC to be OUr downfall, it is UnIikeIy to be at IhC hands OfhUtnan-ShaPed forms Iike these. With recognisably human motivations SUCh as aggression （敵對(duì)彳亍為）.InSteadJ I agree With OXfbrd UniVerSity PhiloSOPhCr NiCk Bostrom, WhO believes tha

49、t the heaviest risks from AGI do not COme from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged PUrSUit Of Set ObjeCtiVeS at the expense Of everything else.ThC PrOmiSe and danger OftrUe GI arc great. BUt all OftOday,s CXCited discussion about these POSSibiIitiCS PrcSUPPOSeS the feet that

50、We WiIl be able to build these systems. AndJ having SPOken to many Of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that We WiIl See AGI any time soon, if ever.42 What does the Underlined WOrd 4ubiquitousn in ParagraPh 1 PrObabIy mean?A EnOnnOUS in quantity B ChangeabIe

51、 dailyC StabIe in quality D PreSent everywhere43 What COUId AGl do for us, according to its supporters?A HeIP to tackle problems. B Make brains more active.C BCnefit ambitious PCOPIC D Set UP POWerfUI databases.44. AS for IrVing Goods OPiniOn On UItra-intelligent machines, the author is A SUPPOrtiVe

52、 B disapprovingC fearful D UnCertain45 What Can be interred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be Only a dream.B It Will COme into being soon.C It Will be COntrOlled by humansD It may be more dangerous than CVeT 第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Many PeOPle think that

53、POSitiVe thinking is InOStly about keeping ones head in theSand and ignoring daily problems, trying to IOOk OPtimiStiC In reality it has more to do With the Way an individual talks to himself. SCIf-talk is a COnStant StrCara Of IhoUghtS Of a PCrSonl who is OftCn UnaWarC and UDCcrtain Qf SonW CVCntSt

54、 phenomena, people, Or even the PerSOn himself. 46 Meanwhile, POSitiVe thinking Can help to StOP negative self-talks and Start to form a PoSitiVe VieW On an issue PeOPle WhO regularly PraCtiSe PoSitiVe Ihinking tend to SOIVe PrOblemS more effectively. They arc ICSS CXPOSCd to StrcSS CaUSCd by CXtern

55、al factors. ThCy tend to believe in IhCmSelVeS and in What Ihey do.47 PeOPle WhO Ihink POSitiVely demonstrate increased Iife SPanS （卷命），IOWer rates Of depression and anxiety, better PhySiCaI and PSyChOlOgiCal health, reduced risks Of death from heart PrObIenis. POSitiVC thinking also COntribUteS to

56、one,s ability to deal With PrObICnIS and hardships 48 FOr example, researchers have R）Und that in IhC CaSe Of a CriSiS accompanied by Strong CmOtiOnSI SUCh as a natural disaster, POSitiVC Ihinking Can PrOVidC a SOrt Of bucr （緩？IJf乍用）against depression and anxiety. RCSiIiCnt （適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的）PeoPIC WhO think P

57、OSitiVeIy tend to treat CVery PrOblCm as a challenge, a ChanCe tor improvement Of any kind, Or as an OPPOrtUnity for PerSOnaI growth Pessimists, On the contrary, tend to PerCeiVe PrObIemS as a SOUrCe Of additional stress. 49In COnCIUSion, POSitiVe thinking is a POWerfUI and CfieCtiVe tool for dealin

58、g With hard times and improving the quality Of one*s lif. It doesnt have anything to do With ignorant optimism When an individual refuses lo notice a Problem _50 Thinking in a positive, SCIf-CnCOUraging Way brings about many benefits to onc,s PhySLCal and mental healthA.It doesnt CaUSC any SCVCrC Cm

59、OtiOnal discomfort, CithCrB.NegatiVe SeIf-talk damages self-confidence and decreases Self-respect.C it helps One to remain Clear-headed and COnfident in difficult SitUations.D POSitiVC thinking has SCVCral beneficial CfiCCtS On the body and the mind.E AS thinking ChangeSf an individuas behaviour and habits Change as WelLF ThCy OftCn OnCr a real alternative to the COmInon and regular Way Of thinking.G They Often feel discouraged IOng before tryin