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1、Inquiries and Offers詢盤與報(bào)盤 Unit Four 1General introduction詢盤:(inquiries)An invitation to offer邀請(qǐng)賣方發(fā)盤 An invitation to bid 邀請(qǐng)買方遞盤(general, specific一般與具體)報(bào)盤 (offers)Send a quotation sheet發(fā)出報(bào)價(jià)單Make an offer報(bào)盤(price, quantity, specification, packing, date of delivery, terms of payment)(firm & non-firm 實(shí)盤
2、與虛盤)bid: 買盤,遞盤,投標(biāo),叫價(jià)2brand & label, patent3國(guó)貿(mào)中的三種支付方式信用證(Letter of Credit,LC) ,是指開證銀行應(yīng)申請(qǐng)人的要求并按其指示向第三方開立的載有一定金額的,在一定的期限內(nèi)憑符合規(guī)定的單據(jù)付款的書面保證文件。信用證是國(guó)際貿(mào)易中最主要、最常用的支付方式。托收(Collecting) 是出口人在貨物裝運(yùn)后,開具以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票(隨附或不隨付貨運(yùn)單據(jù)),委托出口地銀行通過它在進(jìn)口地的分行或代理行代出口人收取貨款一種結(jié)算方式。屬于商業(yè)信用,采用的是逆匯法。 1.委托人(Principal) 2.托收銀行(Remitting Ban
3、k) 3.代收銀行(Collecting Bank) 4.提示行(Presenting Bank) 5.付款人(Drawee) 6.需要時(shí)代理(Principals representative in case of need) 4匯付(remittance),又稱匯款,是付款人通過銀行,使用各種結(jié)算工具將貨款匯交收款人的一種結(jié)算方式。屬于商業(yè)信用,采用順匯法。 匯付的當(dāng)事人有四個(gè): 1.匯款人(Remitter)即付款人,在國(guó)際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中通常是進(jìn)口人、買賣合同的買方或其他經(jīng)貿(mào)往來中的債務(wù)人; 2.收款人(Payee)通常是出口人、買賣合同中的賣方或其他經(jīng)貿(mào)往來中的債權(quán)人; 3.匯出行(Rem
4、itting Bank)是接受匯款人的委托或申請(qǐng),會(huì)出款項(xiàng)的銀行,通常是進(jìn)口人所在地的銀行; 4.匯入行(Receiving Bank),又稱解付行(Paying Bank)是接受匯出行的委托解付款項(xiàng)的銀行,匯入行通常是匯出行在收款人所在地的代理行。 5(一)商務(wù)書信寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. 掌握商務(wù)書信的書寫格式(齊頭式、 、縮進(jìn)式、改良式或混合式)和構(gòu)成(信頭、編號(hào)和日期、封內(nèi)地址、注意事項(xiàng)、稱呼、事由、信文、結(jié)尾敬語、簽署、附件、抄送、附言)。 2. 了解商務(wù)書信的寫作原則(禮貌、周到(體諒)、清楚、簡(jiǎn)潔、具體、正確、完整)。6(二) 建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系 1. 了解建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系的常用書信。 (進(jìn)口商
5、給出口商的信、出口商的自我介紹、出口商給進(jìn)口商的信、生產(chǎn)廠家的自我介紹、廠家給進(jìn)口商的信等)。 2. 理解信中應(yīng)包括的內(nèi)容。3. 掌握有關(guān)建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的常用語句,能書寫一般性的建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的信件。7(三)詢盤及報(bào)盤答復(fù) 1. 了解詢盤的種類 (一般詢盤和具體詢盤)。2. 理解一般詢盤和具體詢盤的內(nèi)容與區(qū)別。 3. 掌握常用有關(guān)詢盤及報(bào)盤的語句、 詢盤及報(bào)盤的信函書寫要求和方法。 能寫出簡(jiǎn)短、清楚、切題的詢盤和報(bào)盤信函。8(四)報(bào)價(jià)、推銷、發(fā)盤及還盤 1. 了解報(bào)價(jià)(報(bào)價(jià)及回復(fù)、寄送報(bào)價(jià)、買方要求報(bào)價(jià)及賣方回復(fù))、推銷信函(一般性推銷、試圖憑樣推銷)的種類。 2. 掌握?qǐng)?bào)價(jià)、推銷信函、發(fā)盤、還盤
6、信函的書寫形式和要求,掌握發(fā)盤及還盤的常用語句 ,正確書寫其信函。9(五) 定單、合同、支付 1. 了解定單(定單、接受定單、拒絕定單)、合同(售貨確認(rèn)書和購(gòu)物合同)、支付的形式和信用證的種類(不可撤消信用證;保兌的、不可撤消的信用證;備用信用證;循環(huán)信用證)。 2. 理解定單、合同中包含的內(nèi)容和各類信用證中的條款。 3. 掌握定單、合同信函書寫形式和要求。掌握有關(guān)定單、支付的常用語句,掌握不可撤消信用證和修改信用證的書寫要求和方法 10(七)申訴及索賠1. 了解本章所介紹的申訴(對(duì)錯(cuò)發(fā)貨物、遲交貨物、質(zhì)量低劣的申訴)和索賠的范圍(對(duì)質(zhì)量低劣、不良包裝、短重引起的索賠)。 2. 掌握一般申訴和
7、索賠書信的要求和表達(dá)法。11How to learn this course First, you need to have a good command of English. Then, pay attention to the special terms in this course. (常用語:詞匯,短語,句型以及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法) The best way to learn it is to read more and write more. In this way you will have a better understanding of what you have learned
8、and be able to use them. It is a good idea to recite some letters. It will help you a lot when you write business letters yourself. 七個(gè)“C 原則和寫作的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí) 12Chapter One Business letter writing 外貿(mào)函電/商務(wù)書信To master Layout and format of Business English letters 布局與格式To have a basic understanding of the princ
9、iples of Business English letters 函電寫作原則13Styles of the business letter 商務(wù)書信的書寫格式Blocked style 齊頭式 Indented form 斜排式(縮行式) Modified form 改良式(混排式) 14齊頭式(Block style)商業(yè)英文書信,一般都要求用打字機(jī)或電腦整齊地打印,左邊各行開頭垂直的,稱為垂直式或齊頭式,美國(guó)常用這種格式; 這種排列的要領(lǐng)在于每個(gè)要素都從左邊開始排列,每一行都不向右縮入,因而整封信的左邊成一垂直線,右邊參差不齊。這種形式雖然打字時(shí)方便省事,不需考慮左邊縮入,但不勻稱美觀
10、 15縮行式(Indented Form)這種排列的要領(lǐng)在于信頭、結(jié)束語、簽名和發(fā)信人姓名都靠右或偏右,而封內(nèi)地址和稱呼則在左邊,如果以上任一要素要分行排列時(shí),后行要比前行縮入兩個(gè)(或三個(gè))英文字母;正文每段開始要縮入五個(gè)英文字母,段與段之間要空一行。這種形式講究勻稱美觀,是傳統(tǒng)的排列范式,目前只有少數(shù)英國(guó)人喜歡用。16改良式(Modified Form)這種排列集上述兩種形式之所長(zhǎng),信頭、結(jié)束語、簽名和發(fā)信人姓名排在右邊,封內(nèi)地址和稱呼排在左邊,但每個(gè)要素分行時(shí)每行都不向右縮入;正文每段開始縮入五個(gè)英文字母,而段與段之間可不空行。這種形式兼顧及方便省事與勻稱美觀,因此,它是目前極為流行的英文
11、書信范式。172. Layout of the business letter 商務(wù)書信的構(gòu)成信頭、日期、封內(nèi)地址、稱呼、信文、結(jié)尾敬語、簽署編號(hào)、經(jīng)辦人欄目、信函標(biāo)題、附件、抄送標(biāo)志、附言 181)信頭(Heading)指發(fā)信人的姓名(單位名稱)、地址和日期,一般寫在信紙的右上角。一般公函或商業(yè)信函的信紙上都印有單位或公司的名稱、地址、電話號(hào)碼等,因此就只需在信頭下面的右邊寫上寫信日期就可以了。 192)日期(Date)日期的寫法,兩種寫法:一種為:如1997年7月30日, 英文為:July 30,1997(最為普遍); July 30th,1997;另一種從小到大排列:30th July,
12、1997 1997不可寫成97。 203)信內(nèi)商行名和地址(Inside Name and Address)在一般的社交信中,信內(nèi)收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公務(wù)信函中不能。將收信人的姓名、地址等寫在信頭日期下方的左角上,要求與對(duì)信頭的要求一樣,不必再寫日期。 英文地址的寫法與中文完全不同,地址的名稱按從小到大的順序:第一行寫門牌號(hào)碼和街名;第二行寫縣、市、省、州、郵編、國(guó)名;然后再寫日期。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之間,該用的還要用,例如在寫日期的時(shí)候。 214)稱呼(Salutation)稱呼是寫信人對(duì)收信人的稱呼用語。位置在信內(nèi)地址下方一、二行的地方,從該行的頂格寫起
13、,在稱呼后面一般用逗號(hào)(英國(guó)式),也可以用冒號(hào)(美國(guó)式)。 寫給公務(wù)上的信函用Dear Madam,Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意:Dear純屬公務(wù)上往來的客氣形式。Gentlemen總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),前不加Dear,是Dear Sir的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 寫給收信人的信,也可用頭銜、職位、職稱、學(xué)位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。22Formal: Dear SirDear MadamDear SirsGentlemenInformal: Dear Mr Green Dear Mrs
14、 GreenDear Miss GreenDear Ms GreenIf you do not know whether a man or a woman will read your letter, you may write Dear Madam or Sir/Dear Sir or Madam: Dear Madam or SirDear Sir or Madam235)正文(Body of the Letter)位置在下面稱呼語隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文層次分明、簡(jiǎn)單易懂。246)結(jié)束語 Complimentary Close在正文下面的一、二行處,從信紙的中間偏右處開始,第
15、一個(gè)詞開頭要大寫,句末用逗號(hào)。不同的對(duì)象,結(jié)束語的寫法也不同寫業(yè)務(wù)信函一般用Truely yours(Yours truely),F(xiàn)aithfully yours(Yours faithfully)等; 257)簽名(Signature)低于結(jié)束語一至二行,從信紙中間偏右的地方開始,在結(jié)束語的正下方,在簽完名字的下面還要有用打字機(jī)打出的名字,以便識(shí)別。職務(wù)、職稱可打在名字的下面。 262. Principles of business letter writing函電書寫基本原則 1)The first principle is clearness 清楚: Keep constantly in
16、 mind what you want to say in your letter. In order to achieve that you should not convey more than one idea in a sentence. You should not introduce more than one topic in a paragraph. You should not deal with more than one matter in a letter. Plain, simple words are more easily understood. 272)The
17、second principle is conciseness 簡(jiǎn)要: Try to make your message brief and to the point. Avoid using long words and sentences. Use daily expressions to replace jargons. Express yourself in an orderly and logical way. A good business letter should be natural, human and easy to read. Here are some example
18、s:28Instead of saying: We should be obliged if you could contact Mr Smith at an early date.You say: Please contact Mr Smith soon.Instead of saying: With reference to your Order 319, the goods were dispatched on the 13 of this month.You say: We sent your Order 319 on 13 April.293) The third principle
19、 is correctness 正確: no grammatical mistakes. Appropriate tone, a help to achieve the purpose. (even as a answer to a complaint letter)Factual information, accurate figures and exact terms in particular Not to understate nor overstate. (less confidence or awkward position)30Our shop, in Canada, was d
20、estroyed by fire. 在加拿大我們的商店被燒毀了。 From this sentence, we know that the writer has only one shop. Our shop in Canada was destroyed by fire. 我們?cè)诩幽么蟮纳痰瓯粺龤Я恕?Here we know that the writer has more than one shop. You should also make sure that there are no typing mistakes. Pay special attention to numbers,
21、 such as quantity, price and so on.314)The fourth principle is courtesy禮貌: This is more than politeness. A good business letter should be positive, friendly and sincere. Instead of saying: I am in receipt of your order for 1,000 tons of Black Tea. You say: Thank you for your order for 1,000 tons of
22、Black Tea. 325)The fifth principle is Consideration周到:Consideration is in consistency with “you attitude” or “you approach”.Keep in mind the receiver you are writing to and take his or her problems into consideration in a positive way.Pay attention to the next two points:33 Adopt “you approach” when
23、 you convey a good news. Instead of saying: We shall be able to offer you free customer service for your newly purchased refrigerator for 3 years. You say: You will be pleased to hear that you will soon be able to have a free customer service for your newly purchased refrigerator for 3 yearsAvoid us
24、ing “you approach” when conveying bad news. In this situation, you have to handle it tactfully. Instead of saying: Your letter is not clear at all. I cannot understand it. You say: If I understand your letter correctly. 346)the sixth and seventh principles are concreteness and completenessTo give sp
25、ecific figures and facts and use vivid and exact words! (not short,long or good. Specific time with data, month, year or even hour etc.)To conclude all the information in your business letter. (what are the facts supporting the reasons, whether you have answered all the questions asked or not and wh
26、at the reader is expected to do)35ADVO INDONESIA LTDJl Lambuk 23JakartaIndonesiaTel: (62) 373611/ Fax: (62) 21 37556127 March 2005Mr James BrownSales DirectorElectra plc5 North WayUnited Industrial EstateManchesterMA2 3BAUKDear Mr Brown: Yours sincerely (signature) James Watt Sales Manager 36This is
27、 Full-blocked style.Use single space within the paragraph. Use double spaces between paragraphs. This style is widely used today because it is easy to type and therefore efficient.37ADVO INDONESIA LTDJl Lambuk 23JakartaIndonesiaTel: (62) 373611/ Fax: (62) 21 37556125 April 2005Ms Mary GreenHead Desi
28、gnerElite Fashions Ltd65B Cloth LaneNottinghamNG5 4GSUKDear Ms Green:Yours sincerely (Signature)Patricia Rose Assistant Manager 38This is Block style.This is similar to the Full-blocked layout style but the date is placed on the right. The Subject is centered. The complimentary close and the signatu
29、re start from the middle. 39ADVO INDONESIA LTDJl Lambuk 23JakartaIndonesiaTel: (62) 373611/ Fax: (62) 21 375561April 25, 2005Ms Mary GreenHead DesignerElite Fashions Ltd65B Cloth LaneNottinghamNG5 4GSUKDear Ms GreenYours sincerely(Signature)Patricia Rose Assistant Manager 40This is semi-blocked styleThis is the same as the blocked layout style except that each paragraph is indented five or ten spaces.41How to write envelops: Mr. Johnson Green Public Commerce Information Service Bldg.14, Part 3Fangxingyuan, Fangzhuang, Beijing, Chin
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