常用沉積學(xué)詞匯

1、凹坑 pool, chute白堊chalk白云化灰?guī)r dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云巖 dolostone, dolomitite斑點(diǎn)構(gòu)造 mottled structure 斑礁 patch reef斑晶 porphyrotope斑脫巖bentonite搬運(yùn)作用 transportation板狀晶體laths半深海 helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木蟲跡 teredolites clavatus 包卷層理 convolute lamination 包卷構(gòu)造 comvolute structure 堡礁（障壁

2、礁）barrier reef 抱球蟲軟泥 globigerina ooze 比 擬試驗(yàn) 模 式 scaled experimental model碧玉jasper邊灘 point bar辮狀河 braided channel標(biāo)志層key bed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差 standard deviation 表面結(jié)構(gòu) surface texture 表皮鮞 superficial Oolits 表?xiàng)珓?dòng)物epifauna表生成巖作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土 regolith濱湖亞相l(xiāng)ake-shore濱面 shoreface濱線 shoreline冰雹痕 hail impress

3、ion冰川 glacier冰-海沉積物 glacier-marine sediment 冰川相 glacial facies 冰磧物till冰磧巖tillite冰水沉積outwash 波長(zhǎng) wave length波高 wave height波痕 ripple波狀層理 wavy bedding剝離線理 parting lineation不等粒 inequigranular不整合 unconformity槽痕flute槽模 flute casts側(cè)向沉積作用 lateral sedimentation側(cè)向加積 lateral accretion測(cè)井沉積學(xué)well-loggingsedimentol

4、ogy測(cè)井相 electrofacies層 bed層間流interflow層孔蟲 stromatoporoid層理 stratification，bedding，lamination層流 laminar flow層內(nèi)溶解作用 intrastratal solution層系set層系組coset層序地層學(xué) sequence stratigraphy次長(zhǎng)石凈砂巖subarkose次生孔隙 secondary porosity次巖屑凈砂巖sublitharenite長(zhǎng)石 feldspar長(zhǎng)石砂巖 feldspar sandstone長(zhǎng)石凈砂巖arkose長(zhǎng)石凈砂巖類arkosic arenite長(zhǎng)石

5、雜砂巖 feldspathic greywacke長(zhǎng)石雜砂巖類 arkosic greywacke潮道 tidal channel潮間帶 intertidal潮控三角洲 tidal-dominated delta潮坪 tidal flat潮上帶 supratidal潮汐層理 tidal- bedding潮汐流 ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下帶 subtidal zone沉積分異作用 sedimentarydifferentiation沉積構(gòu)造 sedimentary structure沉積后作用postdeposition 沉積環(huán)境 depositional env

6、ironment 沉積模式 sedimentary model 沉積盆地 sedimentary basin 沉積鐵礦 sedimentary iron ores 沉積物sediment沉積物重力流 sediment gravity flow 沉積相 sedimentary （ depositional） facies沉積學(xué) sedimentology沉積巖 sedimentary rocks沉積巖石學(xué) sedimentary petrology 沉積作用 sedimentation, deposition 成分成熟度 compositional matuarity 成巖作用diagenesi

7、s赤鐵礦hematite沖積平原 alluvial plain沖積扇 alluvial fan沖裂 avulsion沖流swash沖流回流帶 zone of swash and backwash沖刷痕 scour mark沖洗交錯(cuò)層理swash bedding沖溢扇 washover fan儲(chǔ)層 reservoir儲(chǔ)油窗 oilwindows床沙bed床沙形體bed form床沙載荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉積作用vertical accretion叢藻跡 chondrites粗礫cobble粗枝藻門dasyclads大潮 spring tide大陸架 continental she

8、lf大陸隆 continental rise大陸坡 continental slope大洋盆地basin帶穴跡taenidium帶狀跡teanidium袋狀鉆孔跡rogerella單杯跡 monocraterion單成份礫巖 oligomictic conglomerate 島（?。?海（溝）體系 arc-trench system 島弧 island arc等深流 contour current等深積巖contourite等趾跡 isopodichnus 等足跡 isopodichnus低鎂方解石 low-magnesian calcite 低彎度河道 low-sinuosity chann

9、el 低位體系域 low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕 sole mark底積層bottomset底模 solecast底棲生物benthos底載河道 bedload channel地層 strata地層傾斜錄井dipmeter log 地層水 formation water地球化學(xué)geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地層學(xué) seismic stratigraphy 地震勘探 seismic exploration 遞變層 graded layer遞變懸浮作用graded suspension 典型濁積巖 clastic turbidite 電測(cè)

10、井 electric log疊層石 stromatolite疊瓦狀排列 imbricate arrangement 頂積層topsets動(dòng)態(tài)模式dynamic model動(dòng)藻跡zoophycus豆粒 pisolite段 member對(duì)稱波痕 symmetrical ripple鮞粒oolite二葉石跡cruziana反遞變層理 reverse grading 反沙丘層理 antidune bedding 反向遞變的inversely graded 泛濫盆地flood basin 泛濫平原flood plain 方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射蟲 Radiolarians放射性測(cè)井

11、 radioactivity log非補(bǔ)償（饑餓）沉積starved basin非顯晶質(zhì)的aphanitic沸石 zeolite分流河道 distributary channel分流河口砂壩 distributary-mouth bar分流間灣 interdistributary分選系數(shù)So分選作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂巖 siltite,siltstone粉砂頁巖silt shale球粒pellet風(fēng)暴大潮storm surge風(fēng)成eolian風(fēng)成波痕 eolian ripple,wind ripple風(fēng)成交錯(cuò)層理 aeolian cross bedding 風(fēng)成巖eolianite

12、風(fēng)化作用weathering風(fēng)生流 wind-drift current風(fēng)蝕 deflation峰度 curtosis縫合線stylolite弗勞德數(shù)Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥 sapropel負(fù)載（荷）構(gòu)造load structure復(fù)成分礫巖 polymictic conglomerate復(fù)理石flysch鈣結(jié)層caliche干酪根kerogen干鹽湖playa高嶺石kaolinite高彎度河道 high-sinuosity channel高位體系域 high-stand systems tract 根珊瑚跡 rhizocoralliun耕作跡agrichnia

13、溝模 groove casts溝蠕形跡 taphrhelminthopsis古拉跡 paleohelcura古生態(tài)學(xué)paleoecology古生物 paleontological古水流標(biāo)志 paleocurrent indicator古土壤 paleosols古網(wǎng)跡 palaeodictyon古斜坡 paleoslope骨架巖 framestone固著底棲生物sessile benthos光合作用 photosynthesis硅鎂層sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅質(zhì) silic-硅質(zhì)碎屑 siliciclastic國(guó)際沉積學(xué)家學(xué)會(huì)IAS（InternationalAssociation o

14、f Sedimentologists）海（湖）泛面 flooding surface海（湖）灘beach海岸帶 coastal zone海底扇 submarine fan海底峽谷 submarine canyon海溝 trench海進(jìn)體系域 transgressive systems tract 海浪 sea wave海綠石 glauconite海平面變化 sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵 transgression海侵層序 transgressive sequence海生跡 thalassinoides海灘 marine beach海灘脊 ridge of a

15、beach海相三角洲 marine delta海洋ocean旱谷 arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滯留lag河底滯留沉積channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口灣 estuary河流相 fluvial河漫 overbank核形石oncilite褐鐵礦limonite黑色頁巖black shale黑云母biotite紅藻植物門rhodophyta后濱 backshore后成作用 katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧間盆地 interarc basin弧內(nèi)盆地 intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖

16、lake湖泊環(huán)境 lacustrine environment湖泊相 lacustrine湖面波動(dòng)seiche湖沼學(xué)limnology滑動(dòng)痕 slide mark滑塌構(gòu)造 slump structure滑塌巖slumps還原硫酸鹽細(xì)菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi還原作用reduction環(huán)境沉積學(xué) environmentalsedimentology環(huán)線跡 spirorhaphe黃鐵礦pyrite黃土 loess灰泥 micrite灰泥巖mudstone灰質(zhì)白云巖 calcareous dolostone回流 backflow，backwash混雜沉積巖diamic

17、ton混雜堆積物melange混載荷流 mixed-load channel火山彈bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角礫巖 volcanic breccia火山塊block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑 pyroclastic debris， tephra火山碎屑流 pyroclastic flow火山碎屑巖 pyroclastic rock火焰構(gòu)造 flame structure雞籠狀的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集塊巖 agglomerate力口積 accretion加積作用aggradation假亮晶 pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切

18、shearing交錯(cuò)層 cross beds交錯(cuò)層理 cross bedding; cross stratification交錯(cuò)紋 crossed-lamellar交錯(cuò)紋層 cross laminae膠結(jié)物cement膠結(jié)作用cementation膠磷礦 collophane礁 reef礁核 reef core礁后相 backreef facies礁麓堆積reef talus礁前相 forereef facies礁相 reef facies角度不整合 angular unconformity角礫巖breccias節(jié)藻跡phycodes結(jié)晶碳酸鹽巖 crystalline carbonate 界

19、面 bounding surfaces金藻門 chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近濱 nearshore進(jìn)潮口 tidal inlet進(jìn)積作用progradation進(jìn)食構(gòu)造 feeding structures進(jìn)食跡 fodinichnia晶面 crystal face晶體 crystal井形穴shafts凈砂巖arenite靜態(tài)模式static model居住構(gòu)造 dwelling structure居住跡domichnia居住潛穴 dwelling burrows巨畫跡 megagrapton巨礫 boulder決口扇 crevasse，crevasse splay均勻懸浮

20、uniform suspension顆粒 grain ， particle顆粒流grain flow顆粒巖 grainstone顆粒支撐的 particle -supported ， grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空間 accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore,porosity塊狀層理 massive bedding塊狀砂巖 massive sandstone浪成波痕 wave-generated ripple浪成沙紋層理 wave- ripple bedding浪基面 wave base浪控三角洲 wave-dominated d

21、elta 雷諾數(shù) Reynolds number-Re類沙蠶跡nereites累積頻率曲線 cumulative-frequencycurve離岸（裂）流rip current犁溝跡 aulichnites麗線跡 cosmorhaphe礫 gravel礫漠reg礫屑灰?guī)rcalcirudite礫屑巖rudite礫巖 conglomerate粒度 grain size粒度概率圖probability plot粒度中值Md粒間孔隙度 intergranular porosity粒屑灰?guī)rgrainstone粒序?qū)永?graded bedding亮晶 sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite

22、亮晶灰?guī)rsparite亮煤 clarain裂隙 fracture臨濱 shoreface磷灰?guī)r phosphorite磷酸鹽巖 phosphate rock菱鐵礦siderite流動(dòng)體制flow regimes流痕 rill impression流態(tài) flow regime流體化作用fluidization硫酸鹽sulphate漏斗形 funnel shape陸表海 epicontinental sea陸架邊緣體系域 shelf margin systems tract陸相 terrestrial 陸緣海 marginal sea 陸源碎屑巖 terrigenous clastic rocks

23、 陸表海 epeiric sea 綠泥巖chlorite 綠藻門 chlorophyta,卵石質(zhì)砂巖pebbly sandstone 螺管跡 gyrolithes 洛倫茨跡corenzinia 脈狀層理 flaser bedding 漫流 sheet flow 漫游跡 planoliies 煤 coal煤化作用 coalification 錳質(zhì)巖 manganess rock 覓食跡 pascichnia 覓食拖跡 grazing trails 密度底流 density underflow 密度流 density current 密度躍層pycnocline 磨拉石molasses 母巖 so

24、urce rock, parent rock 母巖區(qū) provenance， source area 內(nèi)成巖 endogenetic 內(nèi)棲動(dòng)物infauna 內(nèi)碎屑 intraclast 鈉長(zhǎng)石albite鈉長(zhǎng)石化albitization 能量帶 energy belt 泥 mud泥板巖argillite 泥晶 micrite 泥晶套 micrite envelope 泥?；?guī)r（泥質(zhì)顆粒巖）packstone 泥裂 mud crack 泥流 mud flow 泥石流 debris flow 泥質(zhì)巖mudrock 泥頁巖 argillutite泥支撐的mud supported 泥質(zhì)的argil

25、擬蠕形跡 helminthopsis逆行沙波 regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地層單位 chronostratigraphic unit鳥眼構(gòu)造 birds-eyes structure鳥足狀三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰?guī)rtuff凝聚顆粒 aggregate grains凝塊灰?guī)rthrombolite牛頓流體 Newtonian fluid牛軛湖 ox-bow lake爬跡 repichnia爬升沙紋層理 climbing ripple bedding 爬行 crawling拍岸浪surf盤旋蟲科 spirillinidae螃蟹跡 psiloni

26、chnus跑動(dòng) running泡沫痕 foam impression盆內(nèi)巖 intrabasinal rock盆外巖石 extrabasinal rock片流 sheetwash偏度 Sk1，skewness漂礫 erratic平均粒徑Mz平均值mean平行層理 parallel bedding平直河 straight channel破浪 breaker破浪帶 breaker zone葡萄石 grapestones氣候帶 climate belts牽引作用traction牽引流 tractive current牽引毯狀沉積traction carpet前濱 foreshore前積層forese

27、ts前三角洲沉積prodelta deposit淺海區(qū) neritic province淺灘shoal墻形跡 teichichus丘 狀交錯(cuò) 層 理 hummocky cross bedding球度 sphericity球粒 pellet， pellet peloids球狀粒 peloid曲帶跡 curuolithus曲流 meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河 meandering river取心鉆井core drilling全球海平面變化 eustatic change of sea level缺氧事件anoxic event群 group群體生物 colony(organis

28、ms)熱云 nuee ardente熱云巖 ignimbrite溶解載荷 solutional load熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)rignimbrite蠕形跡 helminthoida軟流圈 asthenosphere軟泥ooze弱光帶 disphotic zone薩布哈(鹽沼)sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain 三角洲前緣delta front 三聯(lián)點(diǎn) triple junction 掃毛蟲 sabellarians 沙壩bar沙波 sand wave沙流 sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相 desert facies沙丘 dune沙蜀跡 arenicolites沙體 Sand

29、 body沙紋 ripples沙嘴spit砂 sand砂火山 sand volcanoes砂流 sand flow砂屑 detritus砂屑灰?guī)rcalcarenite砂巖 sandstone砂枕構(gòu)造 pillow structure篩狀沉積 sieve deposition 山鹿沖積平原bajada山麓 piedmont 珊瑚coral扇礫巖 fanglomerate 扇三角洲fan delta 扇狀三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌跡 glossiofunhites 蛇形跡 ophiomorpha 深海 pelagic, deep sea 深海帶 abyssal zone 深海溝 de

30、ep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇 deep-sea fan深泓線thalweg深水 bathymetric深水盆地 bathymetric basin滲透率 permeability生長(zhǎng)構(gòu)造 growth structure生物層biostrome生物帶biozone生物地層學(xué)biostratigraphy生物灰?guī)rbiolithite生物礁reef生物顆粒bioclast生物亮晶灰?guī)rbiosparite生物內(nèi)碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰?guī)rbiomicrite生物丘bioherm生物擾動(dòng)作用bioturbation生物遺跡化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石

31、化作用 lithification石灰?guī)rlimestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂巖 quartz sandstone，silicarenita石英凈砂巖 quartz arenite石英雜砂巖 quartzwack石針跡skolithos石枝藻 litho-thammium始成巖作用eodiagenesis示頂?shù)讟?biāo)志 geopetal criterion事實(shí)模式actual model數(shù)學(xué)模式 mathematical model刷模 brush casts雙杯跡 diplocraterion雙形跡 dimorphichus雙趾跡 diplichifes水道 channel水流

32、 current， aqueous flow水流痕 current mark水流上涌 upwelling水流線理 current lineation水平層理 horizontal bedding水體分層 stratification of the watercolumn水下泥石流 subaqueous debis flow水下巖崩 subaqueous rockfall水懸浮作用 aqueous suspension斯科陽跡scoyenia似海生跡 thalassinoides似海星跡asteriacites似蠕形跡 helminthopsis似藻跡 phycodes碎屑顆粒 detrital

33、 particle燧石 flint，chert他生沉積物 allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌積角礫巖collapse braccia塔斯曼跡tasmanadia臺(tái)地 platform苔蘚蟲 fenestrate bryozoans灘 bank灘脊 beach ridge碳酸鹽carbonate碳酸鹽巖 carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸鹽巖補(bǔ)償深度 carbonatecompensation depth碳酸鹽巖?。ń。ヽarbonate buildup逃逸構(gòu)造 escape structure逃逸跡fugichnia體系域 syst

34、ems tract天然堤 levee， natural levee填集作用packing跳模 bounce casts跳躍作用saltation鐵巖 ironstone鐵質(zhì)巖 ferruginous rock停息跡 cubchnia同沉積滑塌構(gòu)造syndepositinal slumpstructure同生白云巖 syngenetic dolostone同生作用 syngenesis透光帶 photic zone透鏡狀層理 lenticular bedding湍流 turbulent flow團(tuán)塊lumps退覆層序 offlap sequence洼狀交錯(cuò)層理swaley cross beddi

35、ng 夕卜成巖 exogenetic rock 外來巖塊exotic block 外生沉積物 exogentic sediments 彎曲錨形跡 ancorichnus coronus 晚成巖作用telodiagenesis網(wǎng)狀（交織）河流 anastomosing stream, anastomosed river微亮晶microspar 微斜長(zhǎng)石microcline 胃形鉆孔跡 gastrochaenolites 溫躍層 thermoclime紋層 laminae， lamination 紋層狀的laminated 紋理 lamination紋泥,季節(jié)泥varve雯石（霰石）aragoni

36、te紊流 turbulent flow無光帶 aphotic zone無粘結(jié)性顆粒 cohesionless particle 物源區(qū) provenance矽藻diatom細(xì)礫 granule 線管跡tigllites 相 facies相變 facies change相標(biāo)志 facies mark相對(duì)海平面 relative sea-level 相序 facies sequence （succession） 向上變粗 coarsening-upward 向上變淺shoaling-upward，shallowing-upward小潮 neap tide小間斷diastem斜坡地形clinofor

37、m泄水構(gòu)造 water-escape structure 瀉湖lagoon新生變形作用neomorphism 新月形沙丘barchan dune 信風(fēng) trade winds星瓣跡 asterosoma休息跡 resting traces懸浮（移）負(fù)載suspended load 選擇交代作用 selective replacement 壓扁層理 flaser bedding壓刻痕toll mark壓溶作用 pressure solution壓實(shí)作用compaction鹽水楔 saltwater wedge巖石地層單位 lithostratigraphic unit巖石地層學(xué) lithostr

38、atigraphy巖石圈 lithosphere巖石學(xué)petrology巖相 lithofacies巖相古地理 lithofacies paleogeography 巖屑 rock fragment， lithic巖 屑 砂 巖 lithic sandstone， rock fragment sandstone巖屑凈砂巖litharenite巖屑雜砂巖 lithic greywacke巖屑質(zhì)長(zhǎng)石凈砂巖lithic arkose巖性 lithological沿岸流 longshore current沿岸沙壩longshore bar鹽度 salinity鹽湖 salt lakes鹽堿灘salina氧化作用oxidation頁巖shale液化 liguefaction液化沉積物流 fluidized sediment flow 液化作用 liquefaction伊利石illit