動詞時態(tài) (2)

1、動詞時態(tài)初中階段8種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去將來時 (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時:表示經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作. e.g. They often spend their holidays in the south. 常搭配的時間狀語: always often usually sometimes seldom never from time to time now and then (偶爾) every day every . once a week 2.表示狀態(tài): e.g. He is busy at the moment.3. 表示客觀真理,諺語,格

2、言. e.g. The sun sets in the west. 4. 用與時間或條件狀語從句中, 代替一般將來時: e.g. I will be happy if you all come. We will go when he comes. (2) 現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在進行的動作. e.g. He is walking towards the plane.2. 表示目前一階段正在進行(但說話時不一定在進行)的動作: e.g. We are writing a paper these days. 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別進行時強調(diào)動作正在進行,而現(xiàn)在時強調(diào)動作的經(jīng)常和反復,或特征,

3、這類動作沒有時間性的.某些表示感官知覺的動詞如: see, hear, smell, taste等表示感覺,用一般時,不用進行時.e.g. Do you see a plane in the sky? 注意:1) feel 可以用一般時和進行時表示說話時的感覺: e.g. I am not feeling well today. How are you feeling today? I feel tired. 2) see, hear 有相應表示動作的動詞 look at / listen to , 這些詞可以用進行時 比較: Do you see a map on the wall? He

4、is looking at a map on the wall. I hear a strange noise from the car engine. He is listening to the music.3. 有些表示狀態(tài)或心理感覺的動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時,而用一般現(xiàn)在時表示狀態(tài)或感覺,如 love, like, hate, want, need, wish, know(知道), understand(懂得), remember(記得), believe, guess(認為), mean(意味著), think(認為), feel(認為), fit(合適), find(認為), sho

5、w(表明), have(有)e.g. I hope you will enjoy your meal. I want to visit them tomorrow.4. 當有些感覺動詞詞義轉(zhuǎn)變,成為表示動作的動詞時,可以用進行時:e.g. Now I see the liquid in the glass has turned red. He is seeing his friend off at the airport. I think they will come. We are all thinking hard. The report shows the problem is seri

6、ous. He is showing them around our school.Exercise:Water _(freeze) at the temperature 0.The air _( keep ) moving all the time.The town _( lie) to the west of the hill.I _( believe) you _ tell the truth now.- _ my son _ (work) hard this term? - Oh, yes, he _(try) his best now.6. _ the hat _ (fit) me

7、well?7. What has happened to the fish, Mary? - Mum, the cat _ (eat) the fish. Just now the cat _(jump) onto the table and _(eat) it up.8. Sam _( live) in the small town for five years during the war.9. It is ages since I last _(see) you. You _(grow) taller.10. He wont tell us where he _(get) the boo

8、k.freezeskeepsliesbelieve are tellingIs working is tryingDoes fit has eatenjumpedate lived saw have growngot (3) 一般過去時 表示過去某一具體時間發(fā)生過的動作. e.g. I reviewed my lessons last night. 注意: 1)有時句中雖然沒有表示確定過去時間的狀語, 但根據(jù)上下文情景可以推斷出是過去發(fā)生過的動作,此時也應用一般過去時 e.g. I was sorry to learn of your illness. I didnt know he was

9、your father. 2)描述已故之人的動作或狀態(tài)用一般過去時. e.g. Edison invented the electric light.2. 表示過去經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作. e.g. Peter often played basketball when he was in college.3. 表示主語過去的狀態(tài)或特征. e.g. It was rainy last week. He was a taxi driver years ago.4. 在時間,條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時. e.g. He would give her the book if he saw her. (4

10、) 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作. (4) 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作. e.g. Peter was playing chess the w

11、hole afternoon yesterday. We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday.3. 用與 when, while, as引導的表示過去的從句: (注意,這樣的動詞必須可以持續(xù)) e.g. While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. When we were playing in the playground , it began to rain. 過去進行時與一般過去時

12、的區(qū)別: 過去進行時強調(diào)過去某時刻或階段動作的進行, 不表明動作的完成, 而一般過去時表示過去某動作已發(fā)生,表明動作已完成.e.g. He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成) He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定寫完了) (5) 現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成： have / has + 動詞的過去分詞用法： 1. 表示說話前某一個時刻發(fā)生的動作之結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響。e.g. I have already sent him a card. They have bought a new house. 常用的時間狀語

13、：already, just, yet 2. 表示從過去某一時間持續(xù)到說話時為止的動作或狀態(tài)， 常與 “ for+ 時間段 ” 或 “ since + 時間點 ” 的時間狀語連用。e.g. We have learned English for about three years. He has been here since last term. III. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 1) 完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作的結(jié)果和影響；而一般過去時強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，方式等，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。e.g. I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast a

14、moment ago. (時間） I have finished my homework. I finished my home at home. （地點） 2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強調(diào)持續(xù)到說話時為止， 與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系， 而一般過去時表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強調(diào)過去某段時間的經(jīng)歷， 與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。 e.g. The Greens have stayed in China for a year. The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war. I have learned computer for some time. I learned

15、computer for some time while in middle school. IV. 不可持續(xù)動詞與可持續(xù)動詞1）常見的詞： leave die put on fail ill be away be dead wear be ill borrow catch a cold buy join the army keep have a cold have be in the army2) 不可持續(xù)動詞不能與 “ for +時間段”或since + 時間點 ” 連用，應改用持續(xù)性動詞。 I have bought a calculator. I have bought the cal

16、culator for a week. I have had the calculator for a week. e.g. He has had the watch for a month. He bought the watch a month ago. My brother has been in the army for a year. My brother joined the army one year ago.但是： 不可持續(xù)動詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)可以與” for + 時間段 ” 或since + 時間點” 連用。e.g. I havent met my teacher of Engli

17、sh for a year. We havent met each other since he left. 3) till / until 用法 可持續(xù)動詞 + till / until : “某動作一直持續(xù)到” not + 不可持續(xù)動詞+ till / until: “直到才”e.g. I will stay until he comes. I wont leave until he comes. V. 現(xiàn)在完成時特例： It is +時間段+ since e.g. It is two days since he left . It is six weeks since they came here. It is about a year since they joined the army. (6) 過去完成時I . 構(gòu)成： had + 動詞的過去分詞II. 表示過去的過去III. 常用與： 1）搭配時間狀語： by / by the end of + 過去的時間點 before + 過去的時間點 e.g