動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) (2)

1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)初中階段8種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. e.g. They often spend their holidays in the south. 常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): always often usually sometimes seldom never from time to time now and then (偶爾) every day every . once a week 2.表示狀態(tài): e.g. He is busy at the moment.3. 表示客觀真理,諺語(yǔ),格

2、言. e.g. The sun sets in the west. 4. 用與時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中, 代替一般將來(lái)時(shí): e.g. I will be happy if you all come. We will go when he comes. (2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He is walking towards the plane.2. 表示目前一階段正在進(jìn)行(但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作: e.g. We are writing a paper these days. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常和反復(fù),或特征,

3、這類動(dòng)作沒(méi)有時(shí)間性的.某些表示感官知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如: see, hear, smell, taste等表示感覺(jué),用一般時(shí),不用進(jìn)行時(shí).e.g. Do you see a plane in the sky? 注意:1) feel 可以用一般時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感覺(jué): e.g. I am not feeling well today. How are you feeling today? I feel tired. 2) see, hear 有相應(yīng)表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞 look at / listen to , 這些詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí) 比較: Do you see a map on the wall? He

4、is looking at a map on the wall. I hear a strange noise from the car engine. He is listening to the music.3. 有些表示狀態(tài)或心理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示狀態(tài)或感覺(jué),如 love, like, hate, want, need, wish, know(知道), understand(懂得), remember(記得), believe, guess(認(rèn)為), mean(意味著), think(認(rèn)為), feel(認(rèn)為), fit(合適), find(認(rèn)為), sho

5、w(表明), have(有)e.g. I hope you will enjoy your meal. I want to visit them tomorrow.4. 當(dāng)有些感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞詞義轉(zhuǎn)變,成為表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以用進(jìn)行時(shí):e.g. Now I see the liquid in the glass has turned red. He is seeing his friend off at the airport. I think they will come. We are all thinking hard. The report shows the problem is seri

6、ous. He is showing them around our school.Exercise:Water _(freeze) at the temperature 0.The air _( keep ) moving all the time.The town _( lie) to the west of the hill.I _( believe) you _ tell the truth now.- _ my son _ (work) hard this term? - Oh, yes, he _(try) his best now.6. _ the hat _ (fit) me

7、well?7. What has happened to the fish, Mary? - Mum, the cat _ (eat) the fish. Just now the cat _(jump) onto the table and _(eat) it up.8. Sam _( live) in the small town for five years during the war.9. It is ages since I last _(see) you. You _(grow) taller.10. He wont tell us where he _(get) the boo

8、k.freezeskeepsliesbelieve are tellingIs working is tryingDoes fit has eatenjumpedate lived saw have growngot (3) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作. e.g. I reviewed my lessons last night. 注意: 1)有時(shí)句中雖然沒(méi)有表示確定過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ), 但根據(jù)上下文情景可以推斷出是過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí) e.g. I was sorry to learn of your illness. I didnt know he was

9、your father. 2)描述已故之人的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí). e.g. Edison invented the electric light.2. 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. e.g. Peter often played basketball when he was in college.3. 表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的狀態(tài)或特征. e.g. It was rainy last week. He was a taxi driver years ago.4. 在時(shí)間,條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí). e.g. He would give her the book if he saw her. (4

10、) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. (4) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. He was doing shopping this time yesterday.We were having a discussion at that time.2. 表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. e.g. Peter was playing chess the w

11、hole afternoon yesterday. We were having a meeting from nine to eleven yesterday.3. 用與 when, while, as引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的從句: (注意,這樣的動(dòng)詞必須可以持續(xù)) e.g. While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. As we were leaving, some of our friends arrived. When we were playing in the playground , it began to rain. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

12、的區(qū)別: 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)刻或階段動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行, 不表明動(dòng)作的完成, 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生,表明動(dòng)作已完成.e.g. He was writing a composition last night.(作文不一定完成) He wrote a composition last night.(作文肯定寫完了) (5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成： have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用法： 1. 表示說(shuō)話前某一個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作之結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。e.g. I have already sent him a card. They have bought a new house. 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

13、：already, just, yet 2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 常與 “ for+ 時(shí)間段 ” 或 “ since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。e.g. We have learned English for about three years. He has been here since last term. III. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1) 完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果和影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式等，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。e.g. I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast a

14、moment ago. (時(shí)間） I have finished my homework. I finished my home at home. （地點(diǎn)） 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止， 與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系， 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某段時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷， 與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。 e.g. The Greens have stayed in China for a year. The Greens stayed in China for a year during the war. I have learned computer for some time. I learned

15、computer for some time while in middle school. IV. 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞與可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞1）常見(jiàn)的詞： leave die put on fail ill be away be dead wear be ill borrow catch a cold buy join the army keep have a cold have be in the army2) 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能與 “ for +時(shí)間段”或since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) ” 連用，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 I have bought a calculator. I have bought the cal

16、culator for a week. I have had the calculator for a week. e.g. He has had the watch for a month. He bought the watch a month ago. My brother has been in the army for a year. My brother joined the army one year ago.但是： 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)可以與” for + 時(shí)間段 ” 或since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)” 連用。e.g. I havent met my teacher of Engli

17、sh for a year. We havent met each other since he left. 3) till / until 用法 可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞 + till / until : “某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到” not + 不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞+ till / until: “直到才”e.g. I will stay until he comes. I wont leave until he comes. V. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特例： It is +時(shí)間段+ since e.g. It is two days since he left . It is six weeks since they came here. It is about a year since they joined the army. (6) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)I . 構(gòu)成： had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞II. 表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去III. 常用與： 1）搭配時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by / by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) e.g