牛津譯林模塊五第一單元M5U1Grammar語法不定式和動名詞(共58張)課件

1、GRAMMAR AND USAGE To infinitive Bare infinitive Verb-ing form as a noun I. To-infinitiveReview the basic sentences elements.1. I was watching an English programme at 8 oclock yesterday.Isubject; was watchingpredicate;an English programmerobject;at 8 oclock yesterdayadverbialObserve the sentences you

2、 have learned.Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. Have A L k4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devot

3、e ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. 7. He and my mother always make me do things I dont like. 8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. 9. Eati

4、ng more fruit makes me feel better. 10. Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Observe the sentences from this unit.1. To find a best friend is difficult.2. I need to sleep for eight hours every night.3. I asked him to come over.4. I have a very importan

5、t meeting to attend.5. His aim was to cheer me up.6. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.7. I let her borrow my book.8. She made me promise to write every day.9. I saw her talk to her new friends.10. The teacher often has students read aloud in class. Guessing GameGuessFill i

6、n the blanks with appropriate words.1. Its hard _ (imagine) how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! 2. I hope _ (lose) at least 10 kilograms. 3. I am worried that if I keep allowing him _ (do) what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. to imagineto loseto do4. He also told us that t

7、he best way _ (earn) respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 5. Our main aim is _ (discourage) young people from smoking. 6. They can use the guns _ (scare) the animals away if they come too near. to earnto discourageto scare7. He and my mother always make me _ (do) things

8、I dont like. 8. Wow! I think this blouse will make me _ (look) slimmer. 9. Eating more fruit makes me _ (feel) better. 10. Exercise is something that can help to make you _ (look) good, _ (feel) good and _ (be) healthy. dolookfeellookfeelbeSentences from this unit.1. _ (find) a best friend is diffic

9、ult.2. I need _ (sleep) for eight hours every night.3. I asked him _ (come) over.4. I have a very important meeting _ (attend).5. His aim was _ (cheer) me up.6. You need to apologize quickly _ (avoid) losing a good friend.To findto sleepto cometo attendto cheerto avoid7. I let her _ (borrow) my book

10、.8. She made me _ (promise) to write every day.9. I saw her _ (talk) to her new friends.10. The teacher often has students _ (read) aloud in class. borrowpromisetalkreadI went to see him, _ him out.A. findingB. findC. only to findD. foundCharles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.

11、to invent B. to have invented C. inventing D. having inventedPaul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard.A. learn B. to learnC. learned D. learningJane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing1. to infinitive used as the subject 不定式(短語)作主語

12、eg. To obey law is everyones duty. 遵紀(jì)守法是每個人的職責(zé)。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。 To talk with your mouth full is rude. 滿嘴食物地講話是不禮貌的。Notes It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time. 在如此短的時間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不 可能的。 It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. 學(xué)習(xí)一些口語對你來說是有用的。 2. to infinitive use

13、d as the object 不定式(短語)作賓語eg. He managed to solve the problem by himself. 他自己設(shè)法解決了問題。 I like to read newspaper articles about sports. 我喜歡讀一些體育方面的新聞報道。 Amy wants to know more about the film. 安米想知道更多的關(guān)于這部電影的情 況。want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dar

14、e, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, continue, ask, promise, expect, choose, preferThe following words are usually followed by to infinitive as the object:3. to infinitive used as the object complement 不定式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語eg. Id like you to keep everything tidy. 我希望你能使每樣?xùn)|西都保持整潔。 The

15、 teacher asked us to finish the work today. 老師要我們今天完成工作。 Tell Jack to close the window, please. 請讓杰克關(guān)上窗戶。動詞make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的賓語補(bǔ)足語，要省去to。eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. 他們看見那小男孩突然從樹上跌下來。 The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day. 老板讓工人們每天

16、工作14小時。4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive 不定式(短語)作定語eg. I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。 I have no one to talk to. 我沒有一個可以交談的人。 He is looking for a house to live in. 他正在找房子住。5. to infinitive used as the predicative 不定式(短語)作表語eg. My wish is to be a doctor. 我的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。 Our plan is to fin

17、ish the work in two weeks. 我們的計劃是兩周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 What I need most now is to have a good rest. 我現(xiàn)在最需要的是好好休息。 6. to infinitive used as the adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result 不定式(短語)作句子狀語eg. He came here to attend an important meeting. (purpose) 他來這兒參加一個重要的會議。（目的） Sam was very surpris

18、ed to hear the news. (reason) 薩姆聽到這個消息很吃驚。（原因） He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result) 他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。(結(jié)果）When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising.eg. He hurried to the rail station, only to find the train had

19、left.7. the continuous and perfect forms of to infinitive 不定式的進(jìn)行式和完成式eg. She seemed to have heard of it already. 她似乎已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。 When the teacher came in, the students pretended to be reading loudly. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時，同學(xué)們假裝正在大聲 讀書。Bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)Read the points on Page 8. 省略to的不定式用于：1) after let, make

20、, have2) after verbs of perception: feel, hear, see, watch3) after would rather, had better, why not當(dāng)make/let/have + sb. + do (sth.) 變成被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)加上to。eg. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss. 工人們被迫每天工作14個小時。NotesVerbs of perception can also be used with doing (sth.) but with differe

21、nt meanings.I saw her talk to her new friends.我看到她和她的新朋友談話。(我目睹了整個談話過程。)NotesI saw her talking to her new friends. 我看到她正在和她的新朋友談話。(當(dāng)我看到的時候，她正在談話。但我可能沒看到整個過程。)We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, or rather than.eg. I forgo

22、t to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. 我離開的時候忘記關(guān)燈、關(guān)門了。 We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 我們決定呆在家里，不去電影院了。 NotesObserve the sentences you have learned.1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (Unit 1,

23、Book 1)2. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. (Unit 3, Book 1)Have A L k3. Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? (Unit 2, Book 1)4. Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. (Unit 2, Book 3) 5. In one case, a

24、 teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. (Unit 3, Book 4)Observe the sentences from this unit.1. Swimming is good for your health.2. I love swimming in the sea during the summer.3. I keep fit by swimming every day.Guessing Gameto test your sense of ob

25、servationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. _ (go) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 2. I regret _ (take) those weight-loss pills. 3.

26、 Why didnt they ask me what happened instead of _ (shout) at me? Goingtakingshouting4. Usually, when we talk about _ (read), we think of _ (use) our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. 5. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of _ (talk) and _ (play) with his schoolmates was treated with V

27、R. readingusingtalkingplayingSentences from this unit.1. _ (swim) is good for your health.2. I love _ (swim) in the sea during the summer.3. I keep fit by _ (swim) every day.Swimmingswimmingswimming Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to doB. doing C. withD. to be doing S

28、he didnt remember _ him before. A. having metB. have met C. to meetD. to having metI can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. to sailC. sailing D. to have sailed You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doi

29、ngC. to have doneD. having doneVerb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentenceeg. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。 It is no use arguing with him. 與他爭辯沒用。 Her swimming has improved since she started training every day. 自從她開始 訓(xùn)練以后，她的游泳進(jìn)步的很快。 Verb-ing for

30、m used as the object of a sentenceeg. I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳。 He has finished writing the composition. 他已經(jīng)寫好了作文。 He loves playing football. 他喜歡踢足球。admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, suggest, avoid, enjoy, practise, finish, miss, keep, understandWe use a verb-ing form after these verbs:

31、The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form: would you mind, look forward to, cant stand, put off, give up, stick to, be worth, cant help, feel like, Its no use / good.,keep on, devote to,be busy, get down to Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or to infinitive, but with some d

32、ifferences in meanings or usage. regret to do: 抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事 eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我抱歉地告訴你你被解雇了。 I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告訴他真相。 forget to do: 忘記去做某事 forget doing: 忘記做了某事 eg. He forgot to close the door when he left. 他離開時忘了關(guān)門了。 I will never forget winni

33、ng my first gold medal. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次獲得金牌 的情況。 remember to do: 記得要做某事 remember doing: 記得曾經(jīng)做過的事eg. Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work, OK? 在你上班的路上記得幫我把信寄了， 好嗎？ I remember seeing this man somewhere. 我記得在哪兒見過這個人。 mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味著做某事eg. I mean to come earlier today. 我今天

34、打算早點(diǎn)來。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 錯過這列火車意味著又要等一個 小時。 try to do: 努力做某事 try doing: 嘗試做某事eg. She tried to finish the work as quickly as she could. 她努力地要盡快完成這項(xiàng)工作。 I tried doing the exercise in a different way. 我嘗試用另一種方法解題。 stop to do: 停下來做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事eg. The workers stopp

35、ed to have a rest. 工人們停下來休息。 The workers stopped working and took a rest. 工人們停止了手中的活，休息一 下。 go on to do: 繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing: 繼續(xù)做同一件事eg. After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing. 飯做好后，媽媽又繼續(xù)洗衣服了。 The workers went on working after a short rest. 短暫的休息后，工人們又開始干活 了。Time for reflectionTo