演講翻譯的批評賞析

1、演講翻譯的欣賞批評Nicole1 .演講 （歷史，特點，分類等） .演講的翻譯.演講翻譯的賞析與批評2.演講演講的歷史演講的分類演講的特點3演講的定義：演講又叫講演或演說，是指在公眾場所，以有聲語言為主要手段，以體態(tài)語言（面部表情、手勢動作、身體姿態(tài)等）為輔助手段，針對某個具體問題，鮮明、完整地發(fā)表自己的見解和主張，闡明事理或抒發(fā)情感，進行宣傳鼓動的一種語言交際活動。4主要形式：大體有如下四種：照讀式演講背誦式演講提綱式演講即興式演講5分類：介紹型演講告知型演講勸說型演講特殊場合演講61、按演講內(nèi)容大致分為 政治演講(包括競選演說)、就職演說(或稱施政演說)、會議辯論、集會演說等; 教育演講，

2、包括知識講座、學術報告等; 宗教演講; 經(jīng)濟演講、包括商業(yè)廣告演講、投標介紹演講等; 軍事演講等。2、按演講的目的大致分為 娛樂性演講; 傳授性演講(或稱學術演講); 說服性演講; 鼓動性演講; 憑吊性演講(或稱葬禮性演講)等等。3、按演講場所大致分為：游說性演講，巡回演講; 街頭演講;宮廷演講;法庭演講(或稱司法演講); 課堂演講; 教堂演講; 大會演講; 宴會演講; 廣播演講和電視演講，等等。7演講的特點：語言：通俗易懂，形象生動邏輯：嚴謹縝密結構：清晰明了篇章：安排緊湊，層次分明修辭：運用豐富（比喻對照對偶層進排比反復頭韻等）8Phonological levelLexical leve

3、lTextual Level9AlliterationAlliteration is the repetition of an initial sound, usually a consonant, in two or more words that occur close together. It is used to achieve the beauty of sound. During the speech, it can impress the audience and attract their attention by using the repetition of an init

4、ial consonant cluster in stressed syllables and putting related words together. In Michelles address, this approach has been carried out in the following examples:10We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.Success isnt ab

5、out how much money you make, its about the difference you make11Assonance: (半韻)- Two or more neighboring words have the same vowels. E.g.: 1. NATO seems to be able to make or break the world.2. You have the right to hire or fire. 12Consonance:- Two or more neighboring words have the same ending in p

6、ronunciation. E.g.: 1. He has a real stroke of luck to have such a considerate wife.2. To win Chinas heart and wallet, US had to say sorry to China after it bombed the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia.13Parallel construction or Parallelism:Definition:- Paralleling of words, phrases, sentences or paragr

7、aphs - the same grammatical structure - clarifying the idea of the speaker or stressing the meaning14Example: Now the triumph summons us again not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle,

8、 year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, “a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself. - by John Kennedy15161718(1) Yes, for there are times when all pray for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the breadwinner, of their

9、champion, of their protector. (2) We observe today not a victory of party but celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. - by John F. Kennedy: Inaugural Address19I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you h

10、ave bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.2. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things .3. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism4. have duties to

11、ourselves, our nation and the world; 5. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. 206. and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of

12、 tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.7. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We wil

13、l restore science to its rightful place, and wield technologys wonders to raise health cares quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a

14、 new age. 218. To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their societys ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those

15、 who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let

16、clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the worlds resources without regard to effect. 229. This is the price and th

17、e promise of citizenship. This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - By Barak Obama232. 演講詞翻譯的原則完整性：開頭、中間及結尾及其鋪陳，和格局清晰性：通俗生動的語言、樸素的語言、形象的語言、幽默的語言或警局跌宕起伏：有張有弛、有起有伏靈活性：不走失愿意，力求其易懂24演講者的歷史背景

18、演講者的演講風格演講當時的背景演講語篇的總體意義措辭造句修辭2526Example 1: The very founding of this institution stands as a testment to the restless curiosity, the boundless hope so essential not jot to the scientic enterprise, but to the experiement we call America. 27Example 2: Federal funding in the physical sciences as a po

19、rtion of our gross domestic product has fallen by nearly half over the past quarter century.282. 語言通暢，邏輯清晰。Example 3: I was just informed back stage that Ralph and John both are 1965 graduates of - same class and so I am not sure this the perfectly prescribed scientific method, but they are sort of

20、a control group - who ages faster. The Presidents scientific Advisor or the President of the Academy? And we will check in a couple of years.29Example 4: Even in the hardest times againts the toughest odds. Weve never given in a pessimism. Weve never surrendered our fates to chance. Weve endured. We

21、 have worked hard. We sought out new frontier. 30.演講翻譯的賞析與批評31Gettysburg Address 翻譯欣賞與批評32Gettysburg Address (Delivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863 Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania ) Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in

22、Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 譯本1：這個國家以自由為理想，以致力于實現(xiàn)人人享有天賦的平等權利為目標。譯本2：。建立了一個以自由為理想、以人人平等為宗旨的新國家。譯本3：我們的先輩在這片大陸上建立了一個新國家，她孕育于自由之中，致力于人人生來平等的主張。譯本4：。建立了一個嶄新的國家，她以自由為立國之本，并致力于這樣的奮斗目標，即人人生來都具有平等權利。譯本5：我們的先輩們在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新國家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生而平等的原則。33 Now, we are e

23、ngaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live. It i

24、s altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. 譯本1： 現(xiàn)在我們正在進行異常偉大的國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭。我們的國家或任何一個有著同樣理想與目標的國家能否長久存在。譯本2：現(xiàn)在我們在進行一場大內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，考研這個國家，或者任何一個主張自由平等的國家，能否長久存在。譯本3：我們正在進行一場意義重大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。這場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，正考驗著我們這個或其他孕育于自由、主張人人生來平等的每一個國家，能否長久存在下去。譯本4：現(xiàn)在我們正在進行一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，這場戰(zhàn)爭能夠考驗我們的國家，或任何一個具有同樣立國之本和同樣奮斗目標的國家，是否能夠持久存在。譯本5：現(xiàn)在我們正從事一

25、場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，以考驗這個國家，或者說以考驗任何一個孕育于之中、奉行上上述原則的國家能否長久持久下去。34 But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. 譯本1：然而，從深一層的意義上來說，