牛津版（深圳 廣州）英語(yǔ)九下 Unit 5 Sport 第3課時(shí)（Grammar語(yǔ)法）導(dǎo)學(xué)案（無(wú)答案）

1、第3課時(shí) Grammar語(yǔ)法課堂語(yǔ)法精講(一)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 目前我們使用的新教材中，同學(xué)們需要掌握六大時(shí)態(tài)，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)以及永恒的真理。(2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)：is/are+表語(yǔ)there be句型實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)(3)常用的副詞和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：always，usually，often，every day。 My mother often does housework.我媽媽經(jīng)常做家務(wù)。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1)概念：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或

2、狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。(2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+表語(yǔ)there was/were實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)(3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now等。 He visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游覽了長(zhǎng)城。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (1)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 (2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞 (3)常用的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞有：now，at the moment，look，listen等。 He is wa

3、shing his car in the garden now.他現(xiàn)在正在花園里洗車。4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)概念：表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 (2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞 (3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：at nine oclock last night，at the time，at the moment，this time yesterday，from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。 I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天

4、上午九點(diǎn)我在給花兒澆水。5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。(2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall動(dòng)詞原形be going to+動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)(3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。They will arrive here tomorrow.他們明天將會(huì)到達(dá)這里。6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (1)概念：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。還表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。(2)句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+h

5、ave/has+過(guò)去分詞 (3)常用的標(biāo)志詞和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already，yet，ever，“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+表過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子”。He has studied English for ten years.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)十年了。(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，才能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned every day.教室

6、每天被打掃。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+doneThe dumplings were made yesterday.餃子是昨天包的?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+doneThe room is being cleaned now.現(xiàn)在房間正在被打掃。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+doneThe car was being repaired then.那時(shí)這輛小汽車正在被修理?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+doneMy key hasnt been found yet.我的鑰匙還沒(méi)有找到。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+been+doneThe two roads had bee

7、n built by the end of last month.到上個(gè)月末為止，兩條公路被建成了。一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will+be+doneA new hospital will be built next year. 明年一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院將被建成。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would+be+doneMike said a new film would be shown.邁克說(shuō)一部新電影將上映。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneThe work must be finished on time. 必須按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Some

8、new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新電腦被偷了。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。The homework must be handed in on time.作業(yè)必須按時(shí)交上來(lái)。(3)說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用句型：It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) It is reported that .據(jù)報(bào)道It is hoped that希望 It is believed that 人們相信3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 (2)把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分

9、詞)，注意：雖然其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化，但動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 (3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則把主格變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)(by短語(yǔ)可以省略)。課堂精練.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成句子1.我現(xiàn)在不得不離開(kāi)，我的朋友們正在外面等我。 I have to be off now. My friends _ _ outside.2.你去過(guò)游樂(lè)園嗎?去過(guò)。我去年去了歡樂(lè)時(shí)光游樂(lè)園。 _ you ever _ _ an amusement park?Yes, I have. I _ _ Fun Times Amusement Park last year. 3.明天史密斯先生就要啟程

10、去北京了。 Mr Smith _ _ for Beijing tomorrow. 4.會(huì)議因昨天的大雨而被推遲了。 The meeting _ _ _ because of the heavy rain yesterday. 5.自2003年以來(lái)，有多少位中國(guó)航天員被送入了太空？How many Chinese astronauts _ _ _ into space since 2003?6.這首歌被播放的時(shí)候，我想起了我的學(xué)生時(shí)代。 The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _ _.用所給單詞的正確形式填空1. I can

11、t go out until my homework _ (finish).2. The sports meeting _ (hold) next month.3. So far, Tim _ (study) English for ten years.4. Turn off the water while you _ (brush) your teeth. 5. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _ (invent). 6. I _ (do) my homework at 8 oclock last nig

12、ht.閱讀填空請(qǐng)閱讀全文，并從下列方框里的六個(gè)句子中選擇五個(gè)還原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、連貫。A. Go for a journey.B. Wish you a wonderful time.C. Have fun with your parents.D. Regular exercise, much health.E. Dont sit in front of a computer alone.F. You cant depend on your family any longer.A long-expected vacation is coming. It is time for yo

13、u to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for your future life. Here is some advice on how to make your vacation meaningful and colourful.Take exercise. 1._ You have worked hard most of the time so far. Therefore, you need to take part in outdoor activities, which can exercise your whole

14、 body.Learn some helpful life skills. One day, you will live alone. 2._ In order to deal with your personal matters in your own life, you should learn cooking, washing and other practical skills.3._ Travel to places of interest. You can find the culture there different from that of your hometown. Be

15、autiful scenery can also make you relaxed. Imagine that you are lying on the warm beach in bright sunshine, with the light sea wind gently blowing. Isnt it enjoyable and comfortable? Enjoy family time. Home is the best place in which you can have a rest and receive love from family members. 4._ Instead, the whole family should spend some time watching a movie