CATTI筆譯綜合能力二級(jí)翻譯真題2006-2013解讀

1、2006年5月【英譯漢必譯題】Forallthenaturalandman-madedisastersofthepastyear,travelersseemmoredeterminedthanevertoleavehome.NevermindthetsunamidevastationinAsialastDecember,therecentearthquakeinKashmirorthesuicidebombingsthisyearinLondonandBali,amongotherplacesonoroffthetouristtrail.Thenumberofleisuretravelersv

2、isitingtouristdestinationshitbytroublehasinsomecasesbouncedbacktoalevelhigherthanbeforedisasterstruck.Thisnewfastrecoveryoftourismweareobservingiskindofstrange,saidJohnKoldowski,directorfortheStrategicIntelligenceCenteroftheBangkok-basedPacificAsiaTravelAssociation.Itmakesyouthinkabouttheadagethatan

3、ypublicityisgoodpublicity.Itisstilltoosoontocompileyear-on-yearstatisticsforthedisastersofthepast12months,buttravelindustryexpertssaythatthebroadtrendsarealreadyclear.Leisuretravelisexpectedtoincreasebynearly5percentthisyear,accordingtotheWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.Tourismandtravelnowseemtobounceb

4、ackfasterandhighereachtimethereisaneventofthissort,saidUfiIbrahim,vicepresidentoftheLondon-basedWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.ForLondon,wheresuicidebomberskilled56andwounded700onJuly8,shesaid,Itwasalmostasifpeoplewhostayedawayafterthebombattackthendecidedtocomebacktwice.Earlyindicatorsshowthatthesame

5、holdstrueforotherdisaster-struckdestinations.StatisticscompiledbythePacificAsiaTravelAssociation,forexample,showthatmonthlyvisitorarrivalsinSriLanka,wheretheDec.26,2004,tsunamileftmorethan30,000peopledeadormissing,werehigherthanoneyearearlierforeverymonthfromMarchthroughAugustofthisyear.Acasecommonl

6、ycitedbytravelprofessionalsasanearlyexampleofthetrendisBali,where202peoplewerekilledinbombingstargetingWesterntouristsinOctober2002.Visitorarrivalsplungedto993,000fortheyearafterthebombing,butbouncedbackto1.46millionin2004,alevelhigherthanthetwoyearsbeforethebomb,accordingtothePacificAsiaTravelAssoc

7、iation.EvenamongAustralians,whosufferedtheworstcasualtiesintheBalibombings,thenumberofBali-boundvisitorsbouncedbackwithintwoyearstothehighestlevelsince1998,accordingthePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.Baliwashitagainthisyearbysuicidebomberswhokilled19peopleinexplosionsatthreerestaurants.Visitsarealsoont

8、heupswingtopost-tsunamiThailand,wherethegiantwaveskilled5,400andleftmorethan5,000missing.Althoughthetsunamikilledmorethan500SwedesontheThairesortislandofPhuket,thelargestnumberofanyforeignnationalitytodie,Swedesarereturningtotheislandinlargernumbersthanlastyear,accordingtoMyTravelSweden,aStockholm-b

9、asedgroupthatsends600,000touristsoverseasannuallyandclaimsa28percentmarketshareforSweden.WewereconfidentthatThailandwouldeventuallybouncebackasadestination,butwedidntthinkthatthisyearitwouldcomebackevenstrongerthanlastyear,saidJoakimEriksson,directorofcommunicationforMyTravelSweden.Wewereverysurpris

10、edbecausewereallyexpectedasignificantdecline.ErikssonsaidMyTravelnowexpectsa5percentincreaseinvisitorstobothThailandandSriLankathisseasoncomparedwiththesameseasonlastyear.Thisbehaviorisasharpchangefromthepatternsofthe1990s,Erikssonsaid.DuringthefirstGulfwarwesawasharpdropintravelasawhole,andthesamea

11、fterSept.11,Erikssonsaid.Nowthemainimpactofterrorismordisastersisachangeindestination.【參考譯文】盡管去年發(fā)生了許多自然災(zāi)害和人為的災(zāi)害，但是旅游者比以往更加堅(jiān)決地出門(mén)旅行。雖然去年12月亞洲的海嘯產(chǎn)生了巨大的破壞力，最近克什米爾發(fā)生了地震，倫敦和巴厘島出現(xiàn)了自殺性炸彈襲擊，游客卻毫不在意，無(wú)論在旅游路線上的地點(diǎn)或其他地方是否有危險(xiǎn)。在某些情況下，受到災(zāi)難影響的旅游地區(qū)吸引的游客人數(shù)快速反彈，甚至比災(zāi)難發(fā)生之前的數(shù)量還多?！拔覀冏⒁獾铰糜螛I(yè)最近快速回升，這種情況是有一點(diǎn)奇怪。”總部設(shè)在曼谷的太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)

12、戰(zhàn)略情報(bào)中心主任約翰一考爾多斯基說(shuō)道，“這使你想到那句老話，就是-只要是宣傳，好壞都不賴?！彪m然整理過(guò)去12個(gè)月的災(zāi)難年度數(shù)據(jù)還為時(shí)尚早，但是旅游業(yè)專家指出，現(xiàn)在旅游業(yè)發(fā)展總的趨勢(shì)是清楚明確的。世界旅游協(xié)會(huì)指出，今年休閑旅游預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)約5%?！懊看我挥袨?zāi)難發(fā)生，旅游業(yè)現(xiàn)在好像反彈得更快，旅游人數(shù)比災(zāi)害前更高?！笨偛吭趥惗氐檬澜缏糜渭奥眯欣硎聲?huì)副理事長(zhǎng)尤菲一伊布拉辛說(shuō)道。比如倫敦。7月8日倫敦的自殺爆炸襲擊造成56人死亡，700人受傷。尤菲說(shuō)：“看起來(lái)幾乎是那些躲開(kāi)了炸彈襲擊的人決定再來(lái)倫敦看看?！痹缙跀?shù)字指出，對(duì)于其他遭受災(zāi)難的地方來(lái)說(shuō)也是如此。例如，太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，雖然2004年

13、12月26日的海嘯造成超過(guò)3萬(wàn)人死傷，但是今天3月到8月間，來(lái)到斯里蘭卡的游客人數(shù)每個(gè)月都比去年同期要高。為了說(shuō)明這種趨勢(shì)，旅游專業(yè)人士常常引用的一個(gè)先前的例子是巴厘島。2002年10月，針對(duì)西方人的炸彈襲擊造成202人死亡。然而在爆炸后一年，游客人數(shù)驟降至993000人，而2004年反彈至146萬(wàn)人。太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)指出，這一數(shù)字比炸彈襲擊的前兩年還高。太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)還指出，即使是在巴厘島炸彈襲擊中傷亡最為慘重的澳大利亞人也是如此。僅在襲擊后的兩年內(nèi)，來(lái)巴厘島旅游的人數(shù)就反彈至自1998年以來(lái)的最高點(diǎn)。自殺式炸彈襲擊者今年再度襲擊了巴厘島，三所飯館發(fā)生爆炸，造成19人死亡。泰國(guó)在遭受了

14、海嘯襲擊后，也吸引了更多的游客，而當(dāng)時(shí)的海嘯掀起了巨浪，造成5400人死亡，5000人失蹤。雖然泰國(guó)旅游勝地普吉島的海嘯曾造成500多瑞典人死亡，是死亡人數(shù)最多的外國(guó)人，但是“瑞典一我的旅行”組織說(shuō)，更多的瑞典人回到普吉島旅游，總數(shù)超過(guò)去年。該組織總部設(shè)在斯德哥爾摩，每年把60萬(wàn)游客送往海外，占有28%的瑞典旅游市場(chǎng)份額?！拔覀兩钚?，泰國(guó)最終重新成為旅游熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，但是我們沒(méi)有想到，今年的反彈力度比去年還要強(qiáng)勁?！叭鸬湟晃业穆眯小苯M織交通部主任約吉姆一埃里克森說(shuō)，“本來(lái)我們以為人數(shù)會(huì)有大的下滑，所以對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況感到十分吃驚?！卑＠锟松f(shuō)，該組織預(yù)計(jì)，與去年相同的旅游季節(jié)相比，今天去泰國(guó)和斯里蘭卡

15、的游客人數(shù)均將上升5%。他說(shuō)，這種情況與20世紀(jì)90年代有了顯著的變化?！霸诘谝淮魏硲?zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，旅游業(yè)總體上有顯著的下滑，911之后也是如此?！卑＠锟松f(shuō)，“現(xiàn)在，恐怖主義活動(dòng)或?yàn)?zāi)害襲擊給旅游業(yè)造成的影響無(wú)非是改變了旅游的目的地而已。”【英譯漢二選一】【試題1】Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathicearegnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussiasnortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsin

16、g,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.Itispracticallyallice-permafrost-anditisthawing.ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyont

17、heice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschu

18、rnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillages

19、ataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.InFinnmark,Norwaysnorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasa

20、nendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too.Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestat

21、ehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringw

22、eremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelichentheyeat.Thepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarelivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,saidMr.Eira,sittinginsidehishomemadeofreindeerhides.Theydontmarkthechangeofweather.Itisonlypeoplewholiveinna

23、tureandgetresourcesfromnaturewhomarkit.ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthef

24、isheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.【試題1參考譯文】隨著天氣變暖，北極圈的冰層開(kāi)始融化，海水涌上來(lái)開(kāi)始侵蝕沿岸村落。拜考夫斯凱村位于俄羅斯東北部沿海地區(qū)，居住著457個(gè)村民，這里的海岸線已經(jīng)遭到破壞，海水正以每年1518英尺的速度向內(nèi)陸的房屋和采暖用油桶逼近。

25、“這里本來(lái)全都是冰，我們稱之為永久凍土，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)始融化了。”對(duì)于居住在北極圈里的四百萬(wàn)人來(lái)說(shuō)，氣候變化給他們帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇。但是，這也威脅著他們賴以生存的環(huán)境和家園，而對(duì)于那些祖祖輩輩生活在冰雪荒原的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這還關(guān)乎他們能否保住自己的文化。對(duì)北部地區(qū)的進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)隨著北冰洋的融化加快了腳步，給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駧?lái)了利益，也帶來(lái)了危險(xiǎn)。在巴倫支海和卡拉海發(fā)現(xiàn)了廣闊的油田，但人們擔(dān)心先裝滿石油然后很快就是液化天燃?xì)獾妮喆l(fā)生災(zāi)難事故，這些船將卷起海浪，穿過(guò)斯堪地那維亞半島近海的捕魚(yú)區(qū)，一直開(kāi)往歐洲和北美州市場(chǎng)。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的發(fā)電機(jī)、大煙囪和各種重型車(chē)輛進(jìn)入這個(gè)地區(qū)幫助發(fā)展能源工業(yè)時(shí)，也會(huì)使這片處女地受

26、到污染。阿拉斯加州也存在著海岸侵蝕的問(wèn)題，這迫使美國(guó)政府打算遷移數(shù)個(gè)因紐特人的村莊，每個(gè)村莊的預(yù)計(jì)搬遷費(fèi)用高達(dá)一億多美元。在北極區(qū)，在極端冰冷環(huán)境里生存了幾百年的本地部落注意到了氣候和野生動(dòng)物的變化，他們想去適應(yīng)這種變化，但常常不知所措。在挪威最北面的芬馬克省，每到冬末，北極的大片土地一望無(wú)際，好像冰雪高原，萬(wàn)籟俱寂，偶爾只會(huì)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)幾聲馴鹿的鳴叫和摩托雪橇放牧馴鹿的轟鳴。但是即使在那里，人們也感受到了北極的變化?！榜Z鹿越來(lái)越不開(kāi)心?！?1歲的養(yǎng)鹿人埃拉說(shuō)道。其實(shí)談及保護(hù)環(huán)境和本土習(xí)俗，沒(méi)有什么國(guó)家可以與挪威相提并論。政府把開(kāi)發(fā)石油獲得的財(cái)富都用在了北極地區(qū)，薩米人的文化也因此得到了某種意義上的復(fù)

27、興。但是無(wú)論有多少來(lái)自于政府的支持都無(wú)法讓埃拉相信，他以鹿為生的日子將會(huì)和以往一樣。象德克薩斯州的養(yǎng)牛人，他對(duì)自己放養(yǎng)的馴鹿數(shù)量守口如瓶，但是他說(shuō)，春秋兩季氣溫上升，導(dǎo)致表層雪融化，天冷后結(jié)成冰，馴鹿就更難于刨食到地表的植物?！澳切┲贫ㄕ叩娜硕甲≡谀戏降某鞘欣?，”埃拉坐在用鹿皮搭建的家里說(shuō)，“那些決策者注意不到天氣的變化。只有真正住在大自然里、從大自然獲得生活資源的人才能注意到這一切。”【試題2】Somepeoplecallhim“Guidone”一bigGuido.Largeinbothphysicalstatureandreputation,GuidoRossi,whotookovera

28、sTelecomItaliaschairmanonSeptember15thfollowingthesurpriseresignationofMarcoTronchettiProvera,hasstoodoutfromtheItalianbusinesscrowdformorethanthreedecades.Mr.Rossi,whoattendedHarvardlawschoolinthe1950sandwroteabookonAmericanbankruptcylaw,madehisnameasacorporatelawyerkeenonmarketrulesandtheirenforce

29、ment.Hehassinceworkedinbothprivateandpublicsectors,includingstintsintheItalianSenateandasoneoftheEuropeanCommissionsgroupofcompany-lawexperts.Aswellasrunningabusylegalpractice,healsohasareputationasacorporatetroubleshooterandall-roundMrFix-It,andisoftencalledupontocleanuporganisationsincrisis.Hisrol

30、eatTelecomItaliamarksareturntothecompanyheheadedfortenmonthsin1997,duringitspoliticallytrickyandlegallycomplexprivatisation.Beforethat,MrRossihadbeensentintosortoutFerruzzi-Montedison,anagri-businessandchemicalsgroup,whichhadcollapsedaftermagistratesuncoveredtangentopoli(“bribesville”).Lastyearhisle

31、galschemingwascrucialinABNAmrosvictoriousbidforBancaAntonveneta.Mostrecently,heactedasspecialcommissioneratItalysfootballassociation,wherehewasdraftedintosortoutthemessafteramassivematch-riggingscandalexplodedearlierthisyear.Alas,hiseffortstobleachfootballsdarkstainsproducedthesamemeagre4resultsashi

32、sothereffortstogetItalianbusinessandfinancetochangeitsways.“LikeItalianswhentangentopoliburst,fanswantedjusticewhenthescandalbroke;butenthusiasmforlegalityquicklywaned,”sighsFrancescoSaverioBorrelli,Milansformerchiefprosecutor,whoheadedthecitysassaultoncorruptionduringthe1990sandwasappointedbyMrRoss

33、itodigoutfootballsdirt.Thepoliticalmuscleoftheclubspreventedtoughmeasuresbeingtakenagainstthem,reflectingItalystwo-tierjusticesysteminwhichtherichandpowerfulcandowhattheylike.“Economicinterestsinfootballfaroutweighsportinginterests,”remarksMrBorrelli.TherottennessinfootballshockedeventheunshakeableM

34、rRossi.“Footballdidnotwantrules,itjustwantedmetosolveitsproblems,”hesays.Despairingofbeingabletochangemuch,heresignedinSeptemberandturnedhisattentiontoTelecomItalia.【試題2參考譯文】有的人叫他“吉多尼”也就是“大”吉多。吉多羅西身材高大，名氣也很大。9月15日，在馬可特龍切蒂普羅費(fèi)拉突然辭職之后，三十多年來(lái)在意大利商圈一直聲名顯赫的羅西接任意大利電信公司總裁一職。上世紀(jì)五十年代，羅西在哈佛法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，曾寫(xiě)過(guò)一部關(guān)于美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的著作

35、，后來(lái)成為一名公司代理律師，因熱衷于市場(chǎng)規(guī)則及其執(zhí)行相關(guān)的案例而名噪一時(shí)。他在私有和國(guó)有單位都謀過(guò)事，其中包括在意大利參議院干過(guò)一段時(shí)間，當(dāng)過(guò)歐盟委員會(huì)公司法律處專家。除了忙于法律業(yè)務(wù)外，他還是赫赫有名的排解公司糾紛高手，人稱全能的“處理先生”，經(jīng)常有危機(jī)纏身的公司請(qǐng)他幫助排憂解難。他在意大利電信公司所扮演的角色標(biāo)志著他的回歸，因?yàn)?997年他在該公司主持過(guò)十個(gè)月的工作，其時(shí)公司正處于勾心斗角的政治斗爭(zhēng)和涉及復(fù)雜法律問(wèn)題的私有化過(guò)程中。之前羅西曾受命調(diào)查了Ferruzzi-Montedison的問(wèn)題。Ferruzzi-Montedison是一家農(nóng)業(yè)與化工集團(tuán)，在被地方法官查出存在賄賂問(wèn)題后倒閉

36、。去年，他作為荷蘭銀行Amro公司成功收購(gòu)BancaAntonveneta一案的法律顧問(wèn)也起到了關(guān)鍵作用。最近他還擔(dān)任了意大利足協(xié)的調(diào)查專員，負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查今年早些時(shí)候爆出的涉及面很廣的假球丑聞。遺憾的是，與試圖幫助意大利商界和金融界“改過(guò)自新”一樣，他為“凈足運(yùn)動(dòng)”所做的努力也收效甚微。米蘭前任首席檢察官薩維利奧博雷利無(wú)奈地說(shuō)：“當(dāng)丑聞爆發(fā)時(shí)，球迷們像當(dāng)年發(fā)生賄賂案時(shí)一樣希望司法介入,可這樣的熱情很快就消退了。”博雷利是上世紀(jì)90年代米蘭打擊腐敗的負(fù)責(zé)人，曾受命于羅西負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查足球丑聞。（涉案）俱樂(lè)部?jī)?nèi)在的政治勢(shì)力使得（調(diào)查組）無(wú)法對(duì)其采取嚴(yán)厲措施，這也反映出身處意大利雙重司法體系之下的有錢(qián)有勢(shì)者可

37、以為所欲為。博雷利說(shuō)：“足球的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益淹沒(méi)了人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情。”足球腐敗甚至讓不可動(dòng)搖的羅西也感到震驚。“足球不需要規(guī)則，它只需要我?guī)椭鉀Q問(wèn)題?！彼f(shuō)。由于無(wú)力回天，他感到很是絕望，于是在9月份提出辭職，從此把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了意大利電信?！緷h譯英】【試題一】亞洲是我們共同的家園，亞洲的和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展關(guān)系到亞洲各國(guó)人民的共同命運(yùn)。我們高興地看到，在當(dāng)前總體和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境下，亞洲也迎來(lái)了有史以來(lái)較為穩(wěn)定的和平發(fā)展時(shí)期。這就是一個(gè)最重要的新機(jī)會(huì)在亞洲各國(guó)政府和人民的共同努力下，亞洲的發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的良好態(tài)勢(shì)，突出表現(xiàn)在：亞洲巨大的市場(chǎng)潛能逐步得到開(kāi)發(fā)，亞洲各國(guó)和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的成效顯

38、著，產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級(jí)繼續(xù)加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，亞洲已成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)最具活力的地區(qū)之一?！拔覀冋f(shuō)，要把握亞洲尋求共贏的新機(jī)會(huì)，這又是一個(gè)新機(jī)會(huì)。”亞洲和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展的整體氛圍，促進(jìn)了亞洲區(qū)域合作進(jìn)程的快速發(fā)展，一個(gè)平等、多元、開(kāi)放、互利的地區(qū)合作新局面正在逐步形成。特別是以東亞、東盟、中亞、南盟、亞洲合作對(duì)話以及多雙邊自由貿(mào)易安排為標(biāo)志，各種形式的區(qū)域、次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作蓬勃發(fā)展。這同樣也是一個(gè)新機(jī)會(huì)。這些積極而重大的變化，既為推動(dòng)亞洲區(qū)域合作提供了有利條件，也為亞洲各國(guó)和地區(qū)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了歷史性機(jī)遇?！爸灰覀兝^續(xù)相互尊重、平等對(duì)待，把握發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，把握住自己的命運(yùn)，就一定能夠促進(jìn)亞洲的發(fā)展與振興，達(dá)

39、致互利共贏的目標(biāo)?！薄驹囶}一參考譯文】Asiaisthehomeofallofus.Peace,stabilityanddevelopmentinAsiaarecrucialtothewell-beingofthepeopleinourregion.Weareheartenedtoseethatjustastheworldtodayenjoysoverallpeaceandstability,soAsiaisinarelativelystableandpeacefulperiodfordevelopmentrarelyseeninitshistory.WeoftensaythatAsiasho

40、uldseizeanopportunityforwin-winprogress.Nowwearefacedwiththisimportantopportunity.ThankstothejointeffortofthegovernmentsandpeoplesofAsiancountries,Asiahasregisteredanunprecedentedsoundmomentumofdevelopment,markedbytheunleashingofhugemarketpotential,effectiveeconomicrestructuringinvariouscountriesand

41、areas,acceleratingindustrialupgradingandfastandsustainedeconomicgrowth.ThishasmadeAsiaoneofthemostdynamicregionsintheworld.ThisisanotheropportunitythatAsiashouldseizetomakewin-winprogress.Theoverallpeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinAsiahaveledtofastprogressintheregionalcooperationprocess.Anewtypeofregi

42、onalcooperationbasedonequality,diversity,opennessandmutualbenefitistakingshape.Variousregionalandsub-regionaleconomiccooperationmechanismshavegrowninstrength,whichincludetheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations,theSouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation,AsiaCooperationDialogue,thoseinEastAsiaandCen

43、tralAsia,andmultilateralandbilateralfreetradearrangements.ThisisanotheropportunitythatAsiashouldseize.ThesepositiveandmajordevelopmentshavebroughtaboutbothfavorableconditionsforregionalcooperationandhistoricalopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofAsia.Weshouldrespectandtreateachotherasequals,seizetheoppor

44、tunitiesofdevelopmentandholdourdestinyinourownhands.Aswedothis,wewillcertainlyachievemutualbenefitandwin-winprogressandpromotedevelopmentandrejuvenationofAsia.【試題二】國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與中國(guó)特色中國(guó)作為后發(fā)現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家，極其需要借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。同時(shí)，在和平崛起進(jìn)程中，中國(guó)又要以自己為主，來(lái)關(guān)注和解決自己的問(wèn)題。這就是說(shuō)，中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化一定要有中國(guó)特色。比如，在農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)將努力走出一條新的節(jié)約型道路，即有中國(guó)特色的節(jié)約方式?，F(xiàn)在美國(guó)人均年消費(fèi)石油

45、25桶，而中國(guó)人均消費(fèi)不到1桶半。如果中國(guó)人不顧自己的條件，異想天開(kāi)想做起“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”，那我們對(duì)能源急切需求就會(huì)給自己，同事也會(huì)給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)和無(wú)盡的麻煩。又比如，在農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移上，我們將逐步走出一條中國(guó)特色的城市化道路。目前，中國(guó)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力有5億多人，今后20年大約有兩億多人要轉(zhuǎn)移出來(lái)，在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，中國(guó)人不能做“歐洲夢(mèng)”。歐洲在近代歷史上，總共有6000多萬(wàn)人走到世界各地，到處建立殖民地，改變了世界版圖。21世紀(jì)上半葉的中國(guó)人，只能在自己的國(guó)土上，通過(guò)城市和農(nóng)村的精心協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，通過(guò)引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力在不喪失土地的條件下，在城鄉(xiāng)之間有序流動(dòng)，來(lái)解決這個(gè)世界級(jí)的大難題?！驹囶}二參考

46、答案】InternationalExperienceandChineseCharacteristicsAsanewcomerstrivingformodernization,Chinaisbadlyinneedofdrawingexperiencefrominternationalpractice.Atthesametime,Chinamustrelyonitselftoaddressandresolveproblemsarisingintheprocessofherpeacefulrise.Inotherwords,Chinasmodernizationmustbeatitsownuniqu

47、echaracteristics.Forinstance,withregardtoenergyissues,ChinaisworkinghardtoblazeatrailinenergyconservationsoastoshapeupaChina-styleenergy-savingapproach.Currently,theAmericanpercapitaannualconsumptionofoilis25barrels,whilethatforChinaisnomorethanabarrelandahalf.ShouldtheChineseignoretheirnationalcond

48、itionsandindulgethemselvesinthewildest“AmericanDream”，thenationsdesperateenergydemandswillundoubtedlybringheavyburdenandendlesstroublebothtotheChinesepeopleandthehumankindasawhole.Similarly,overthematterofmigrationofsuperfluousrurallaborforcetothecity,Chinaissuretograduallyfindoutthewaytowardsurbani

49、zationstampedwithChinesecharacteristics.Atpresent,Chinahasalaborforceofmorethan500millioninthecountryside,about200millionofwhomareexpectedtobemigratedtotheurbanareasinthedreamthe“Europeandream”.Inmodernhistory,Europehasseenaltogetherover60millionpeopledepartforeverycorneroftheworldtoestablishcolonie

50、soverseas,therebychangingthemapoftheworld.FortheChinesepeopleinthefirsthalfofthe21stcentury,however,theycanonlytacklethisformidableuniversalproblemwithinitsownland,firstbycarefullycoordinatingurbanandruraldevelopmentandsecondly,byprovidingguidedandorderlyflowofredundantrurallaborforcebetweenthecount

51、rysideandthecitywithoutlossoftheirlands.2006年11月【英譯漢必譯題】Thisweekandnext,governments,internationalagenciesandnongovernmentalorganizationsaregatheringinMexicoCityattheWorldWaterForumtodiscussthelegacyofglobalMulhollandisminwater-andtochartanewcourse.Theycouldhardlyhavechosenabetterlocation.Waterisbein

52、gpumpedoutoftheaquiferonwhichMexicoCitystandsattwicetherateofreplenishment.Theresult:thecityissubsidingattherateofabouthalfametereverydecade.Youcanseetheconsequencesinthecrackedcathedrals,thetiltingPalaceofArtsandthebrokenwaterandseweragepipes.Everyregionoftheworldhasitsownvariantofthewatercrisissto

53、ry.TheminingofgroundwatersforirrigationhasloweredthewatertableinpartsofIndiaandPakistanby30metersinthepastthreedecades.Aswatergoesdown,thecostofpumpinggoesup,underminingthelivelihoodsofpoorfarmers.Whatisdrivingtheglobalwatercrisis?Physicalavailabilityispartoftheproblem.Unlikeoilorcoal,waterisaninfin

54、itelyrenewableresource,butitisavailableinafinitequantity.Withwateruseincreasingattwicetherateofpopulationgrowth,theamountavailableperpersonisshrinking-especiallyinsomeofthepoorestcountries.Challengingasphysicalscarcitymaybeinsomecountries,therealproblemsinwatergodeeper.The20th-centurymodelforwaterma

55、nagementwasbasedonasimpleidea:thatwaterisaninfinitelyavailablefreeresourcetobeexploited,dammedordivertedwithoutreferencetoscarcityorsustainability.Acrosstheworld,water-basedecologicalsystems-rivers,lakesandwatersheds-havebeentakenbeyondthefrontiersofecologicalsustainabilitybypolicymakerswhohaveturne

56、dablindeyetotheconsequencesofoverexploitation.Weneedanewmodelofwatermanagementforthe21stcentury.Whatdoesthatmean?Forstarters,wehavetostopusingwaterliketheresnotomorrow-andthatmeansusingitmoreefficientlyatlevelsthatdonotdestroyourenvironment.Thebuzz-phraseattheMexicoWaterforumisintegratedwaterresourc

57、emanagement.Whatitmeansisthatgovernmentsneedtomanagetheprivatedemandofdifferentusersandmanagethispreciousresourceinthepublicinterest.【參考譯文】從本周直到下周，各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)和非政府組織齊聚墨西哥城，參與世界水論壇的召開(kāi)，討論全球形式化治水的遺留問(wèn)題，并為此制定新的解決方案。這里作為論壇的舉辦地點(diǎn)再合適不過(guò)了。從墨西哥城基下的土層中，地下水正被源源不斷地抽取出來(lái)，而補(bǔ)給同等水量需要花兩倍的時(shí)間。這導(dǎo)致墨西哥城的不斷下沉,速度約為每年0.05米。城市設(shè)施由此而

58、受到破壞,隨處可見(jiàn)布滿裂紋的教堂，搖搖欲墜的美術(shù)館和破裂的供排水管道。世界各地水危機(jī)的形式各不相同。為了灌溉而對(duì)地下水進(jìn)行開(kāi)采，讓印度和巴基斯坦部分地區(qū)的地下水位30年來(lái)下降了30米。隨著水位的下降,抽水的成本也在上升，貧困農(nóng)民的生計(jì)更加艱難。是什么促使了全球水危機(jī)的發(fā)生？水的便于取用是一個(gè)方面。不同于石油和煤炭，水可以被無(wú)限循環(huán)再生，但是可供取用的水資源是有限的。全球用水量正以兩倍于人口增長(zhǎng)率的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，人均水資源占有量也在縮減。在那些特別貧困的國(guó)家，這一問(wèn)題尤其突出。水資源的短缺可能讓某些國(guó)家難于對(duì)付，真正的治水難題卻有著更深刻的背景。20世紀(jì)的水資源管理模型源于一種簡(jiǎn)單觀念：水是一種

59、取之不竭的資源。人們可以對(duì)它隨意取用、截流改道而不必付出成本，也無(wú)需考慮水源短缺或是可持續(xù)性利用的問(wèn)題。世界各地的許多政府決策者忽視了過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)水資源帶來(lái)的后果，把依賴水體而存在的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)-河流,湖泊和分水嶺劃到了生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的體系之外。21世紀(jì)需要新的水資源管理模型。這意味著什么呢？首先必須停止對(duì)水源肆無(wú)忌憚的浪費(fèi)。就是說(shuō)，我們要更加有效和適度地利用水資源，不對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞?！八Y源綜合管理”是本屆水論壇提出的新名詞，其涵義是政府需要控制不同個(gè)體的用水需求量，并從公共利益出發(fā)來(lái)管理這種寶貴資源?！居⒆g漢二選一】【試題1】JohnKennethGalbraith,theiconoclast

60、iceconomist,teacheranddiplomat,diedSaturdayatahospitalinCambridge,Massachusetts。Hewas97.Mr.Galbraithwasoneofthemostwidelyreadauthorsinthehistoryofeconomics;amonghis33bookswasTheAffluentSociety(1958),oneofthoserareworksthatforcesanationtore-examineitsvalues.Hewrotefluidly,evenoncomplextopics,andmanyo