高考英語閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練

1、2009年高考英語閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練（1）（一）Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It asnimportant concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are

2、usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （內(nèi)臟）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight

3、 kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These go

4、od bacteria live in your guts, where the）the food you eat.Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby body. Growing babies get additional “ good bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the

5、 bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven t tested thbut future tests might lead to an answer.1. The “l(fā)ink in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between.bacteria and the chance of being

6、overweightobesity and diabetesC. diets and the chance of being overweightgood“ bacteria?D. bacteria and exerciseWhich of the following is NOT the function ofHelping to digest food.Helping to take nutrients from food.Helping to regulate weight.Making a person ill.The purpose of writing this passage i

7、s roduce the role of bacteria in children s weightanalyze the influence of obesity on kidsgive advice on how to lose weight quicklyexplain the function of bacteria in foodsOne event that helps educate young people about things they can do for others is NationalNatioYouth Service Day (NYSD). Ev

8、ery year on this day, organizations all over the country celebrate young volunteers, educate young people about how they can help their country, and invite them to participate in service projects. Former Secretary of State Colin Powell said,Day honors young volunteers and is an invitation to others

9、to join hands and do our part as Americans.”Founded in 1988, NYSD originally took place on a Tuesday. Now the event lasts from Friday until Sunday so that more people can participate in it. More than 200 organizations work together to create thousands of projects each year. Millions of young people

10、across the United States take part in these service projects.Long before the event, people, community groups, schools, and nonprofit organizations think of ways to meet their communities needs. Then, they plan projects for yluunteers. Projects include bringing food to hungry people, tutoring younger

11、 children and helping senior citizens. During the event, young people from the community do things like planting neighborhood gardens and cleaning up local parks.The organizations that contribute to NYSD believe that volunteering and community service are important activities for people of all ages,

12、 but especially for young people. Young people who volunteer are more likely to do well in school, vote, and contribute to charities. More important, they help other people and make the world a better place for everyone.The aim of National Youth Service Day is cate young people on responsibili

13、tyinvite young people to meet each otherencourage young people to serve otherscelebrate the growth of young peopleOn National Youth Service Day, young volunteers will.do some cleaning in public placesprepare food for hungry peopleplant vegetables and fruithelp old people to learnThe purpose of writi

14、ng this passage is to.warn young people not to affect their schooling during volunteeringkeep a record of how young people celebrate their festivalintroduce an event National Youth Service Dayadvise young people to be cooperative when volunteeringA traveler was passing through a desert on a hot day.

15、 He was tired, feeling thirsty and hungry.At least, he needed a shady spot to rest for a while. A big leafy tree came into view at some distanceaway. He felt glad and said to himself,“ Had I water to drink, now. Yes, he found a glass fullwater on the ground right in front of him. Then, he wished, “

16、Had something to eat right here.” Immediately, a variety of dishes appeared before him. He was under the shade of Kalpa-Vriksha a magical tree. Whoever was under it would have whatever he wished for!The traveler enjoyed the delicious food. He felt drowsy. He wished for a nice bed. It was granted. He

17、 stretched himself comfortably on the soft mattress. He hoped that someone would massage 假摩）his feet. Yes, a young lady appeared. She started massaging his feet and legs.He now started thinking differently. How can things happen like this? Is it some kind of a trick played by a magical demon （ 魔鬼）？

18、he doubted. Oh, a true demon appeared in place of the nice lady! Within no time the demon started leaping at him, with his mouth wide open. The frightened traveler took to his heels and ran away.What will happen if you sit under the magical tree?You will get what you want.You will marry a young girl

19、.You will meet a demon.You will get rid of all your trouble.The underlined word“ drowsy in the second paragraph means.hungrysleepythirstycoldHow many wishes did the traveler make?A. 3456.【答案與解析】 TOC o 1-5 h z Ao從第一段的最后一句可知答案是AoDo D項不屬于good bacteria的作用。A。本文作者主要介紹了bacteria對于孩子體重狀況所起的作用，因此 A項符合作者意圖。Co從

20、第一段引用的美國前國務(wù)卿的話可以看出。Ao從第三段的最后兩句可知答案選AoCo本文主要介紹了美國的青年志愿者節(jié)，因此C項正確。Ao由文章第一段的最后一句話可知人們只要坐在這棵樹下，就可以得到自己想要的東西。Bo結(jié)合后面的He wished for a nice bed他想要一張床可知這里表示困倦的。Bo文章中提到的水，食物，床和按摩的女子都是他的愿望，故 B正確(2)(一)About ten years ago, a young and very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhoo

21、d street. He was going a bit too fast in his shiny, black, 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE, which was only two months old.WHUMP! it hit the JagHe was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed, no child came out, but a brick sail

22、ed out and s shiny black side door! SCREECH.! Immediately Josh stopped the car, jumped out, seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car. He shouted at the kid, What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing?! Building up a head of steam, he went on. That s my new

23、 Jag, that brick you threw is gonna cost you a lot of money. Why did you throw it?Please, mister, pleaseI sorrym I didn know what else to do! begged the youngster. I threw t he brick because no one else would stop! tears were streaming down the boy spointed around the parked car. It s my brother, mi

24、steHfeheltedcbf the curb （ 路沿）andfell out of his wheelchair and I can t lift him up. Sobbing, the boy asked the businessman, Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He s hurt and he s too heavy for me.Moved beyond words, the young businessman tried hard to swallow the rapidly swel

25、ling lump in his throat. Straining, he lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts, checking to see that everything was going to be OK. He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk toward their home.It was a long walk

26、back to the black, shining 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE - a long and slow walk.Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar. He kept the dent （凹痕）to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention. Feel for the bricks of life coming at you. w.w.w.k

27、.s.5.u.c.o.mThe boy threw a brick at the businessman s car because.A. the businessman drove at a high speed B. he envied the brand-new car very much C. he wanted to ask for some money D. he wanted to get help from the driverWhich of the following is the right order of the story?s car.The younger bro

28、ther threw a brick at JoshThe elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.The younger brother begged Josh for help.Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.Josh shouted at the younger brother.b, a, e, c, da, c, d, b, eb, a, c, e, da, c, b, e, dWhat can we learn from the passage?Josh would

29、 accept the money from the kids.The two kids were Josh s neighbors.Josh was a kind-hearted man.Josh s new car broke down easily.According to the passage, the last sentence means.trying to get ready for the trouble in your future lifedriving fast in a neighborhood street is dangeroustrying to be more

30、 understanding seeing others in troubleprotecting oneself from being hurt（二）Washoe, a female chimpanzee （黑猩猩）believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and D

31、eborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two

32、scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language （ASL） in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington University s Ellensburg Campus since 198 Shd a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign lang

33、uage to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31Primate （靈長類）researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee s mind,“ G

34、oodall said.Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoe lsanguage skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use langu

35、age were linguist （ 語言學(xué)家）Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mAs for its first task, Washoe was involved with .some space researcha study on Afri

36、can animalsan ASL projectthe program of training the Air ForceIn Goodall s opinion, teaching Washoe ASL. A. was not successfulled to the book Next of Kinwon honor for Fouts D. made a differenceIn the last paragraph, the underlined word“ disputed “ probably means ”A. supportedB. studiedC. questionedD

37、. discussedWhat can be inferred from the passage?The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.Which of the foll

38、owing is TRUE according to the passage?Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.【答案解析】本文通過記敘十年前一個叫Josh的非常成功的企業(yè)家駕駛著他那嶄新的汽車在芝加哥附近的街道上

39、發(fā)生的故事，告訴人們應(yīng)該多體諒他人疾苦。D細節(jié)題。由第三段中小孩的話語可知。A細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二、三段的描述及小孩的話語，可確定答案。C推斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段的描述可知Josh是個好心人。C句意題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句的含義可知是叫人們多體諒他人疾苦。A。從第三段第一句可知， Washoe的第一項任務(wù)是參與太空研究項目(research use in the spaceprogram) oDo 倒數(shù)第二段中“ Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a

40、window into a chimpanzee s mind ” 是對 the importance of the work with Washoe”的具體說明。Co 從“who believed that language is unique to humans 和 doubted等詞句可推知，科學(xué) 家對 Washoe s language skills 持質(zhì)疑態(tài)度。B。從第三段中最后一句可知，Washoe還教其它黑猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手勢語，因此 B項推理正確。B。從“in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named ”可知，Washoe 是為紀念一個地名而 起的（

41、一）A qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing.Heonce said: Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is mylover. Russian writerAnton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modernshort story.When Chekhov entered the Moscow Universi

42、ty Medical School in 1879, he startedto publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour orless. Chekhov s medical and science experience can b

43、e seen through the indifference（ 冷 漠）many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia. Tragicevents control his characters who are filled with fee

44、lings of hopelessness and despair.It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov s stories and plays. He madeup for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters.Chekhov s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity（ 敏感）of an artist.

45、Some of Chekhovs works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s. Oneof his famous stories, The Man in a Shell, about a school teacher s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.had a lawful loverwas an illegal writerused to be

46、 a lawyerwas a competent doctorIn 1880, Chekhov.became a full-time writerstudied medicine in Moscow Universitypracticed medicine in his hometownpublished his most memorable storiesWhich of the following adjectives can t be used to describe Chekhov?Sensitive.Cool.Quick-minded.Warm-hearted.Which of th

47、e following is the right order of the events?became a doctorbecame a full time writerstarted to publish comic short storieswrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.entered the Moscow University Medical Schoold f afb c f ee - cb ada f efc bfd（二）“Children who eat less salt and drink fewer sugar-swe

48、etened soft drinks may significantly lower their risks of obesity,“ researchers recently reported in thejournal Hypertension.“Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are a significant source of calorie intake in children, “ said Feng J. He, a researcher at St George s Universityof London, England.“It has been s

49、hown that sugar -sweetened soft drink consumption is related to obesity in young people. They wanted to know whether there is a link between salt intake and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption.Dr He and colleagues analyzed data from a 1997 national survey of more than 2,000 people between 4 and 1

50、8 in Britain. We found that children eating a lower -salt diet drank less fluid, “ said He. From our research, we estimated that 1 gram ofsaltcut from their daily diet would reduce fluid intake by 100 grams per day.”The researchers also found that children eating a lower-salt diet drank fewer sugar-

51、sweetened soft drinks. From their research, they predicted that reducing salt intake by 1 gram each day would reduce sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption by 27 grams per day, after. If children aged 4 to 18 cut their salt intake by half, there would be a decrease of about two sugar-sweetened soft

52、drinks per week per child, so each child would decrease calorie intake by almost 250 kilocalories per week,“ DrHe said.In previous studies, researchers found that a low-salt diet lowers blood pressure in children, and prevents the development of high blood pressure later in life.Bothhigh blood press

53、ure and obesity increase the risk of having strokes and heart attacks, “ Dr He said.Dr He recommends that parents check labels and choose low-salt food products.“Small reductions in the salt content of 10 to 20 percent cannot be detected by the human salt taste receptors （ 感受器 ）and do not cause any

54、technological or safety problems, “ Dr He said.According to the passage, obesity is directly linked to.high-salt foodssugar-sweetened soft drinkshigh blood pressurestrokes and heart attacksCompared with previous studies, the recent one found that.a lower-salt diet may mean less sugar-sweetened soft

55、drink consumptiona low-salt diet keeps children out of high blood pressurechildren face the risk of having strokes and heart attackslow- salt food products do not do harm to people s healthWhich of the following statements would Dr He agree to?The less salt people eat, the healthier people become.Ch

56、ildren should reduce fluid intake in their daily life.No high-salt food products will be available in shops.A low-salt diet may prevent both high blood pressure and obesity.After reading the passage, who should take effective action?A. Children.B. Parents.Doctors.Researchers.【答案與解析】D 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù) A qual

57、ified doctor who rarely practiced可知，契訶夫是個合格的醫(yī)生。B 推理判斷題。根據(jù) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879可知契訶夫1879年進入莫斯科大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)，可以斷定契訶夫1880年正在大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)。D 事實細節(jié)題。文中講到了他的品質(zhì)有：cool, sensitive (calm attitude of a scientistand doctor with the sensitivity of an artist) , quick-minded (extremely fa

58、st, oftenproducing a short story in an hour or less) , 但沒有涉及至U warm-hearted 這方面的品質(zhì)。A事實細節(jié)題。要求排列事件順序?？捎檬孜捕ㄎ环?。第一個事件是 entered the Moscow University Medical School ,最后一個事件是 became a full time writer ,故答案為 A。B 。 從第二段中 It has been shown that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption is related to obesity in y

59、oung people.”和第四段最后一句可知，喝含糖飲料會導(dǎo)致熱量攝入而引發(fā)肥胖，因此 B項正確。A。通過第四段可知，A項所述為新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。D。第五段直接說出低鹽的食物可以預(yù)防高血壓；結(jié)合以上幾段可知低鹽食物可以讓孩子少喝含糖的飲料，而含糖的飲料會導(dǎo)致發(fā)胖，因此 D項正確。B。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句可知B項正確(一)Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men s hearts go into rapid decline when

60、 they reach middle age.The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women slongevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between18 and 70 years of age, “