高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式精講精練

1、高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式精講精練動(dòng)詞不定式形式:一般式/完成式/進(jìn)行式/完成進(jìn)行式主 動(dòng) to build/to have built/to be building/to have been building 被 動(dòng)/to be build/to have been build動(dòng)詞不定式的主要用法：一、作主語(yǔ)L不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種:把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如:It +be +名詞+ to

2、doItIt takes sb+some time+to doIt + be + 形容詞+ for sb + to do compositionin a quarter of an hour.It + be + 形容詞+ of sb + to do everything the teachersays.It seems(appears) +形容詞+to do二、作賓語(yǔ)1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能 s our duty to take good care of the old.How long did it take you to finish the work?It is difficul

3、t for us to finish writing theIt is stupid of you to write downIt seemed impossible to save money.跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)如：it,help,hope,lean,long,manage,off I decided to ask for my money back. 代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后,agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail er,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的

4、賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ) 即：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng) 詞+ it +補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+ to do 句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor.介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞 do,后面應(yīng)接不 帶to的不定式；如無(wú) do,則接to不定式，即帶 do不帶to ,帶to不帶do。如：The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On S

5、unday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不變。 begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在 need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式，如：Your handwr itingneeds improving (tobe improved).部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret 后接不定式，

6、表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作 已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Don t forget to post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meetingher in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a lettera year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted orderi

7、ng these books from abroad.mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味著I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.try to do設(shè)法盡力做某事doing 試著做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problemin another way.stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))stop doing停止做某事On

8、 the way to the airport,! stopped to buy a paper.You d better stop arguing and do as you are told.can t help doing 禁不住can t help to do不能幫助干They couldn t help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do.SoI can t help to make up the room for you.go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事go on doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事

9、，指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)He went on to talk about world situation. We ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.三、作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；(動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。)To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to

10、 put off the meeting.四、作定語(yǔ)L不定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：My wish to visit France has come（主語(yǔ)不執(zhí)行不定式的動(dòng)作）（主語(yǔ)執(zhí)行動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作）The next train that will arrive is from有時(shí)還需要有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的The next train to arrive is from Washington. true at last.Would you please give me some paper to write on?Have you anything t

11、o be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?2.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例The next train to arrive is from Washington.= Washington 。 五、作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)L作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一些及物動(dòng)詞除要求按賓語(yǔ)外,行為、狀態(tài)、特征，常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：allow, ask, , advise, beg, cause, drive(強(qiáng)迫)，encourage, expect,forbid, force, get, would like(love,

12、hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.部分動(dòng)詞后常接to be +形容詞、名詞短語(yǔ)等形式，有時(shí)to be可省略，如：believe,consider,We all believe John(to be)honest.I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teac

13、hers of No. 1 Middle School.但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時(shí)，to不能省略，如： We consider him to have been foolish.感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后用作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to,動(dòng)詞有：hear, listen to, see, watch,notice, let, make, have 等 I didn t hear anyone say anything about it.They make thestudents do too much homework every day.這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，如第句：The students

14、 are made to do toomuch homework every day. help, 后面的to 可有可無(wú)。如： Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform?部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，常這樣用的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for (渴望), prepare for, wish for 等。如： You may depend on them to be there early. The Party calls

15、on us to increase production and practise economy.2.作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六作狀語(yǔ).作目的狀語(yǔ)I stayed there to see what would happen.Henry has decided to go to the hospital t

16、o be examinedby the doctor.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，不定式前可加in order 或so as。如：Bob took down my telephone number so as（in order）not toforget it.在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞、過(guò)去分詞或動(dòng)詞之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。We are glad to hear the news.I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby co

17、uld write so well.在部分形容詞后接不定式，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這種句型中的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如： The question raised by the student is difficult to answer. The room is really comfortable to live in.常 這 樣 用 的 形 容 詞 有： comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) We came home after our holiday to find our gard

18、en neat and tidy.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還常用在下列句式中。如：so-as to; such-as to I m not so stupid（a fool） as to put it in writing.I m notsuch a stupid fool as to put it in writing.enough toThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner.only toJanehurried back only to find her mother dyinginthehospital.to

19、o - toIm too tired to stay up longer.但在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，tooto 并非是太而不能之意。如：I m only too glad to have passed the exam.考試及格我太高興了. （too 修飾 glad to have，相當(dāng)于very ）We have too much to learn.我們要學(xué)的太多了（不定式作定語(yǔ)）。3.不定式短語(yǔ)還可作獨(dú)立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome.常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)有 to be exact（確切地說(shuō)）

20、，to begin with（首先），to do him justice （說(shuō)句對(duì)他公道的 話），to be sure （真的）等等。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的其它用法.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：When to leave for London has not beendecided yet. Mr. Smith didn t know whether to leave or stay there. I asked ProfessorXu how to learn Eng

21、lish well. The question was where to get the medicine needed.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)（1）時(shí)態(tài)一般式：動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，有時(shí)表示同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：I hope to become a university student this year.t tobecome 發(fā)生在 hope 之后）We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.（play 和 hear 同時(shí)發(fā)生）完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：I m sorry to have

22、kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the oldsociety.進(jìn)行式：表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如:s birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）（不定式作主語(yǔ)）（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）（不定式作定語(yǔ)）（不定式作狀

23、語(yǔ)）It s a great honour to be invited to MaryIt was impossible for lost time to be made up.I wish to be sent to work in the country.Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?He went to the hospital to be examined.但有時(shí)兩種形式表在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如:There are still many things to t ake care

24、 of （to be taken care of）.達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now. （ We have nothing to do now.）There is nothing to be done now. （We can do nothing now.）3動(dòng)詞不定式的省略在口語(yǔ)中，為避免重復(fù)，常用 to代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略。如：一Did you go to visit the Great Wall? No,I wanted to,butthere wasn t enough time.Ww Would you like to com

25、e to a party?-I d love to.一Don t make any mistakes in you r homework,will you?I ll try not to.一Try to be back by 12,won t you? OK,I ll try.在 why 引起的問(wèn)句中，省略 to。如： Why spend such a lot of money?Why not wait for a couple of days?當(dāng)兩個(gè)或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時(shí)，只在第一個(gè)不定式前加to。如：It s quite necessar y for us to read mor

26、e and have morepractice.to在下列短語(yǔ)中是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞形式。如：devote to,face up to （勇敢地面對(duì)），look forward to （盼望），object to （反對(duì)）， take to （養(yǎng) 成習(xí)慣，對(duì)感興趣；開(kāi)始從事某種活動(dòng)），be used to （習(xí)慣于）等。Exercises1. Can you ride a horse?for learning itD. to learn howNo, I never had the chancefor learning howC. how to learn itPaul said, Giv

27、e me a chair .A. to sitB. sitC. sit onD. tosit onI ran too fast where I was going.A. to noticeB. for me to noticeand notice- Have you enjoyed your visit here?A. for leavingB.of leavingwith leaving- Ill help you whenever you need me. tomorrow.A. you helpingB. that you will helpthat you help- I didnt

28、hear you come in last night.C. to notice for meD.Yes, Ill be very sorryC. to leaveD. Good. Id like meC. you to helpD. Thats good. We triednoisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to be notD. to notbeBecause of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still.A. a good place which to be lived inB. live

29、d as a good placeC. a good place to live inD. living in as a good place- Why was the official meeting called?new officers.A. SelectB. SelectingC. To selectD.Forselecting- Where did he go?- He went to another store.A. to buy pencilsB. for buying pencilsC. buy pencils D.buying pencils- My baby has a h

30、eart trouble.- Did the doctor find it difficult A. in treatingB. treatingtreat- Did the judge ask you many questions?A. they were difficult to be answered difficultC. they were difficult to answer answeringThat beggar seems anything yesterday.A. not to have eatenB. not to eatto not have eatenC. for

31、treatingD. to- Yes, and.B. to answer them was to beD. they had difficulty inC. didnt eatD.13. The lost child desired nothing but home.A. goB. to go14.That box is.A. too heavy for me to carryC. so heavy for me to carryWould you be to do me a favour, please?so kind asB. too kindC. going .D. wenttoo he

32、avy for me to carry it D. very heavy for me to carryas kind as D.enough kindTo learn to speak English well,.A. much practice is neededC. much practice is needed by oneTom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not toB. one needs much practiceD. one is needed much practic

33、eC. so as to notD.not so as toLast summer I took a course onA. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesThe house is not large enough .A. to live in B. to be lived in for livingNobody likes.A. to speak ill ofB. to be spoken ill ofD. spoken ill ofI know him a good football pl

34、ayer while in college.A. to have beenB. to bebeen 22. I was surprised.watching him to eat so quicklyC. watching him eat so quicklyD. how dresses to be madeC. to live D.C. speaking ill ofC. wasD. hadwatch him eat so quicklyD. to watch him eat so quicklyMr. White was seen the Palace Museum.A. enterB.

35、to enter C. enteredD. to enteringI saw Mary the house.open the door and go intoC. open the door and to go intoto open the door and to go intoD. open the door and went intoPaul does nothing but all day long.A. playB. to playplayed 26. Now we could not do anything but for him here.A. waitedB. waitingw

36、ait 27. I dont know her and I dont. A. want B. want to want- Go to the theatre with me, will you? dont have time.C. playingC. to waitC. want it I should likeD.D.D. to, but IA. toB. tooTo play fair is as important as.A. to play well B. play well C. we play well wellIt is the greatest happiness on ear

37、th.loving and to be lovedC. to love and to be lovedC. to doD. to go toD.playingto love and being lovedD. love and be loved31.is better to love than.A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved It, to be loved 32. Its very foolish it?A. for you to say B. of you to say in your saying33. It me two hours to f

38、ind your new house.A. costB. tookused 34. We did not expect our offer so quickly.A. rejectedB. to reject .rejecting 35. He told her there at once.A. getB. getsget 36. We all think it most foolish this mistake.A. for you makingB. of you to makeyou to make 37. I really dont know .A. to swimB. how to s

39、wimC. It, be lovedD.C. with you sayingD.C. spentD.C. to be rejectedD.C. should get D.toC. you to makeD. forC. to swim howD. howswimWhat do you think about English?A. speakingB. to be spokenspokenWhen I went out it happened .A. to rainB. rainraining 40. I felt it an honor to speak here.A. askingB. ha

40、ving askedto be askedIts a difficult languageC. to speakC. to be rainingC. to askD.D.D.Sarah, hurry up. I m afraid you wouldn t have time to before the party.D.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingget to changeMy advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B

41、. me takingC. for me to takeD. me totake 43. I don t know whether you happen, but I m going to study in the USA this September. TOC o 1-5 h z A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD.to have heard 44. The final examination is coming up soon. It s time for us to our studies.A. get down toB. get outC

42、. get back forD.get over 45. The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside thehuman nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD.to have caused 46. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD.told

43、It seems that he has no pen.A. to writeB. to write withC. writingD.writing with 48. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in makingthe earth a better place to live.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD.to be playing 49. The teacher asked us so much noise.A. don

44、t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. notto make 50. The patient was warned oily food after the operation. TOC o 1-5 h z A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD.not eating 51. We agree here but so far she hasn t turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD.to have met 52. Hurry up, he is sure for us

45、.A. to waitB. to be waitingC. waitingD.being waited 53. At the shopping-centre, he didn t know what and with an empty bag.A. to buy; leaveB. to be bought; leftC. to buy; leftD. wasto buy; leave 54. She made a candle us light.A. giveB. gaveC. to giveD. given55. 一 Where should I send my form?- The Per

46、sonnel Office is the place.A. for sending it to send it 56. It s necessaryA. for us students to learnC. of us students to learn 57. kind to the enemy isB. to send it toC. to sendD.some English grammar.B. for we students to learnD. for our students learning cruel to the people.A. Be; beB. To be; to b

47、eC. To be; beingD. Being; to beNo matter how busy he is, he at least 15 minutes a day.A. makes a rule readB. makes a rule readingC. makes it a rule readD. makes it a rule to read-Surely she is not If Mary does n t come to work on time, she may be fired.so foolish it.A. as not to realize B. not as to

48、 realizeC. that she didn t realizenot realizing 60. I ought to him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tellB. remember tellingC. have remembered to tellD. have remembered tellingI you the exciting news, but you were not at home.A. meant tellingB. meant to tellC. meant to having toldD.tell

49、ingTom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notnot so as toMy friend, David, was not used by air, so he felt unwell.A. to travelB. to travelingC. travelingJohn was made the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD.washing 65. Paul

50、doesn t have to be made . He always works hard.D. asmeant toD.D. travel to beD.A. learnB. to learnC. learned learningThere re so many kinds of tape - recorders on sale that I can t make up my mind to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. whereThere isn t any difference between the two. I really don t know.A.

51、where to chooseB. which to choose C. to choose whatD. to choose which“ Have you decided when? Yes, tomorrow morning. ”A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are youleavingThough he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his littlesister.A. cry ; to cryB. crying ; cryingC. cr

52、y ; cryto cry ； cryHe doesn t know to stay or not.D.hewillShe pretended me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeing- The light in the office is still on.A. turning it offB. turn it offhaving turned it offWe agreed here but so far she hasnC. to not seeD. having not seen-Oh, I forgot.C. to turn it

53、off t turned up yet.D.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. ifA. having metB. meeting C. to meet D. to have metLittle Jim should love to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. takingI would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finisha report.A. to goB. to hav

54、e goneC. goingFrank is the kind of person who people like to.A. make friend with B. make friends ofC. make friendswithGo on the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withShe reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of thepath.C. to restA. to have

55、 restedB. restingThe boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told himA. not toB. not to doI need a day or two.A. to think it overB. to think overover it 81. He was too excited.A. speakB. to speakspeakingC. not do itC. of thinkingC. not to speakCharles Babbage is generally consid

56、ered the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having goneD. make friendsD. to be doingD. restD. do not toD. of thinkingD.D. havinginventedHe said he would rather not it right now.A. doingB. to doC. doD. to be doingRather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.A. ride ; ride B. riding ; rideC. ride ; to rideD. to ride ;riding 85. It s freezing outside. You put on your overcoat.A