污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究

1、World Bank 世界銀行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中國建設部Component B 部分Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Wastewater Study Team污水項目組North China Water Quality Study Program中國北方城市水管理研究項目Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Objectives 目標 - Improving Investment & Operation Efficiencies 提高

2、投資和運行效率Approach 研究方法 - General Investment Survey and Forecasting 總體投資分析和預測 - Identify Key Issues and Constraints 確認關鍵問題與制約因素 - Initiate Benchmarking System for WW Utilities 建立污水行業(yè)績效評估系統(tǒng)Outputs 研究成果 - Recommend Practical Options for Improvement 推薦實際可行的方案以提高投資和運行效率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污

3、水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Study Geographic Area 研究區(qū)域 - Northern China cities in 14 provinces / municipalities above Yangtze River 長江以北中國北方14個省/市Study Tasks 研究任務 - Investment Survey and Forecasting 投資調(diào)研與預測 - Case Studies 案例分析 - Initiate Benchmarking System 建立績效評估系統(tǒng)Investment Survey & Forecasting 投資分析與預測中國人民大學環(huán)境學院Sch

4、ool of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of ChinaInvestment Survey & Forecasting 投資分析與預測Data Sources 資料來源：China Urban Construction Statistics Yearbook中國城市建設統(tǒng)計年報Indexes 投資指標：Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment 排水固定資產(chǎn)投資Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 污水集中處理率 Total Investment 投資總量：19982

5、003Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Billion RMB北方十四省排水固定資產(chǎn)投資總額: 490.5億元2003年14省平均污水集中處理率：29.71% Average Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 2003 in 14 Provinces: 29.71%14省污水處理投資與人均GDP: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003污水處理投資和流域地理位置Investment vs Location of Riverbasin投資研究發(fā)現(xiàn)M

6、ain Findings投資總量穩(wěn)步增長 Steady Growth of Investment處理率不斷提高 Increased Treatment rate有些城市超計劃完成任務 Some cities over comply with the target投資研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Main Findings地區(qū)、城市間差異很大 Big Gaps between Cities投資相對集中在經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)、大城市和流域下游 Capitals concentrate in developed regions, large cities and down streams城市污水處理投資任重道遠 Huge dem

7、ands for the future2010年投資預測Investment Forecasting: 2010新增污水處理能力: 億元New Treatment Capacity：100 M RMB 目標實現(xiàn)程度低中高污水集中處理率（%）556065污水處理廠建設投資額（億元）173.699226.599279.52010年新增污水管網(wǎng)投資: 億元New Sewers upto 2010：100 M RMB 目標達到程度低中高污水集中處理率（%）556065污水管網(wǎng)投資額139.89 178.02216.27 2004-2010年污泥投資預測Sludge Treatment年份污泥處理投資（

8、億元）200479.39200581.69200683.99200786.29200888.59200990.89201093.19總計604.04建議Recommendations基于各地十五的實際水平和十一五目標規(guī)劃投資：如黑龍江和北京 Planning investments based on both the local reality in 2005 and targets in 2010根據(jù)商業(yè)資金、財政資金和國際資金的不同功能和性質規(guī)劃投資 Planning investment in accordance with various roles & purposes of com

9、mercial, international and financial capitals建議Recommendations以同時提高運行能力和處理能力為目標規(guī)劃投資 Planning investments to promote both operational & treatment capacities結合價格、稅收、財政政策改革規(guī)劃投資 Planning investment in association with ongoing pricing, taxation and fiscal policy reform建議Recommendations 國家的城市污水處理投資規(guī)劃應充分考慮

10、各地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、城市規(guī)模和流域上下游差異 More attention on the differences in economic development, citys size and locations of riverbasin建議Recommendations城市污水處理投資規(guī)劃應當與流域綜合治理規(guī)劃、污染控制規(guī)劃相結合，特別注意同流域城市的投資和建設進度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水處理設施投資和建設的協(xié)調(diào) Integration in riverbasin planning and coordination with cities in same riverbasin十一五投資規(guī)

11、劃應當立足當?shù)兀疹權従?，統(tǒng)籌流域，改善全國 Local base, neighbor care, watershed planning, country target北方主要河流水質情況：類及以下水質Water Quality in Main North Rivers：IV and Worse黃河 Yellow River：2000年：28.6%2003年：69.2%，其中劣類水增加了13.6%淮河 Huai River：1998年：72%2003年：81.4% 海河 Hai River：1999年：58.5%,類及劣類水一共為49.7%2003年：類及以下水質上升到了78.5%，僅劣類水就

12、占到53.9%。 注：數(shù)據(jù)來源：中國環(huán)境狀況公報，1999-2004年。污水處理投資與城市規(guī)模Investment vs Cities Size城市類別超大城市特大城市大城市中等城市小城市污水集中處理率（%）42.6241.7719.3618.0715.66Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study案例分析(1/12) Objectives 目標To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and operation efficiencie

13、s through detailed case studies 通過詳細的案例分析識別制約投資和運行效率的關鍵問題和限制因素Case Study Cities 案例分析城市 9 cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in Hai & Huai River Basins 淮河流域和海河流域不同地區(qū)和人口規(guī)模的9 個城市的11個污水處理廠 Tianjin (天津), Shijiazhuang (石家莊) ( 2 million 百萬) Handan (邯鄲), Huainan (淮南), Tangs

14、han (唐山) (1 2 million 百萬) Bengbu (蚌埠), Fuyang (阜陽) (0.5-1.0 million 百萬) Luan (六安) (0.2 0.5 million百萬) Guoyang (渦陽) (0.2 million) Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study案例分析(2/12) Case Studies in 2001 2001年研究案例分析9 cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide 在全國范圍內(nèi)調(diào)研了9個城市的16個污水處理廠 Wast

15、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study 案例分析 (3/12) 11WWTPs visited in 2005 2005年調(diào)研的11個污水處理廠8 OXD 100 to 150 kcu m/d2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d 1 CASS 100 kcu m/day 16 WWTPs visited in 2001 2001年研究案例分析3 OXD 100 to 150kcu m/d4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d1 A/B 80 kcu m/d1 SB

16、R 150 kcu m/d1 BIO 120 kcu m/d 8 個氧化溝工藝 10萬- 15萬 m3/天 2 個活性污泥法 16萬-26萬 m3/天 1 個CASS工藝 10萬 m3/天 3 個氧化溝工藝 10萬- 15萬 m3/天 4 個A/O工藝 10萬- 20萬 m3/天 2 個A2/O工藝 10萬- 30萬 m3/天 1 個A/B工藝 8萬 m3/天 1 個SBR工藝 15萬 m3/天 1 個BIO工藝 12萬 m3/天Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study 案例分析 (4/12) Methodology o

17、f Case Study 研究方法Questionnaires distributed and collected 分發(fā)調(diào)查問詢表Interviews and site visits conducted 現(xiàn)場調(diào)研Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of WWTP and WWC performance 應用績效指標分析污水公司和污水處理廠的運行Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study 案例分析 (5/12) Findings 調(diào)查結果Nutrient remov

18、al problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in non-compliance for class II discharge standards 23個污水處理廠之中有5個氮磷去除尚未達標，3個污水處理廠尚未達到國家二級排放標準Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design capacity nonworking capital USD100-200m 23個污水處理廠的水力負荷約為設計能力的70%-閑置固定資產(chǎn)約為1-2億美元Nearly all sludge dewatered and s

19、ent to landfill 污泥處置工藝基本采用脫水后填埋處理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Case Study 案例分析 (6/12) Findings (continued) 調(diào)查結果（續(xù)）30% or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent with BOD80mg/l as low as 30mg/l 30% 或23個污水處理廠中的7個進水水質濃度低于設計標準，BOD or average超過平均值2倍的標準偏差較好Wastewater Utility Perform

20、ance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (3/14)Performance Indicator績效指標City/WWC城市/污水公司W(wǎng)WTP污水處理廠Environmental PI 環(huán)境指標Personnel PI 人員指標Physical PI 物理指標Operational PI 運行指標Quality of Service PI 服務質量指標Financial PI 財務指標Total 總計4 6 114593955616Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmar

21、king System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (4/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較 PI 11.6 - WW Operating Costs PI 11.6 單位營業(yè)費用Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (5/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served PI 12.6 工作人員/排水服務人口 Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benc

22、hmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (6/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year) PI wPh3 二級污水處理廠利用率 (%/年)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (7/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e) PI wEn6 人均污泥產(chǎn)量 (Kg干重/1000 p.e)Wast

23、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (8/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 水質檢測頻率 (#/月)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (9/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績效指標比較PI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 運營資金比率

24、Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (10/14)Key PI International Comparisons績效指標國際比較PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 排水普及率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (11/14)Key PI International Comparisons績效指標國際比較 PI 17.1 Wastewater Treatment PI 17.1 污水處理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運行研究Benchmarking System 績效評估系統(tǒng) (12/14)Key PI International Comparisons績效指標國際比較 PI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 運營資金比率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行