學(xué)位英語課件-動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)態(tài)

1、1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2)通常與下列狀語連用，如yet，already, up to now(直到現(xiàn)在)， so far(到目前為止), since，for the past (last) few years等.3)其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過去分詞。如：Up to now，we have received no news from her. 直到現(xiàn)在，我們還沒收到她的消息。He has worked here for over twenty

2、years. 他在這里工作已有20多年了。 比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)a.過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。 I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 2.過去完成時(shí) 1） 表示過去的過去 。2）其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 在told, said, knew,

3、heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本”如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. This/It is the

4、first/second.timethat從句。 that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如果把前邊的is改為was，則that從句用過去完成時(shí)。 如： It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.這是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。3.將來完成時(shí) 1)構(gòu)成:will / be going to have done sth. 2) 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. They will have been married for 20 years by then.Exercises1. He _ already _ reading the book.A. has, finished B. had, finished C. will have finished2. By the end of last year, we _ 1,000 trees in the hill.A. have planted B. had planted C. will have planted3.The center _ computer