崔源聲粉煤灰國(guó)際課件

1、中國(guó)粉煤灰利用現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Current Situation and Development Trend of Fly Ash Utilization in China建筑材料工業(yè)技術(shù)情報(bào)研究所Institute of Technical Information for Building Materials Industry of China (ITIBMI)崔源聲 教授Prof. Cui YuanshengSeptember 23-26, CAA 2016, Shuozhou, China第1頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。主要內(nèi)容 Contents1234中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的主要問題Main Proble

2、ms中國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生及利用基本現(xiàn)狀Output and Utilization Basic Status中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Development trend結(jié)語(yǔ)Conclusion我國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的政策建議Policy suggestion5第2頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。1 中國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生及利用基本現(xiàn)狀Output and Utilization Basic Status of Coal Ash in China1.1 粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量與利用量/Output and Utilization注：數(shù)據(jù)來源為國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局、中國(guó)電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)表1 2007-2015年我國(guó)發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量情況/萬(wàn)千瓦從2013

3、年到2014年，盡管燃煤（含煤矸石）發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量增長(zhǎng)了近5000萬(wàn)千瓦，但是2015年，我國(guó)燃煤（含煤矸石）發(fā)電量同比下降4.7%；2016年1-7月份，全國(guó)規(guī)模以上火電發(fā)電量又同比下降1.9%。粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量10年來首次出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)。From 2013 to 2014, although the coal-fired (containing the coal gangue) power capacity increased by nearly 50 million kWh, but In 2015, Chinas coal-fired (containing the coal gangue) p

4、ower capacity dropped by 4.7%, the fly ash output showed the negative growth for a decade long for the first time第3頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。1 中國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生及利用基本現(xiàn)狀Output and Utilization Basic Status of Coal Ash in China1.1 粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量與利用量/Output and Utilization圖3 我國(guó)粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)，未來五年我國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生量預(yù)計(jì)在5.6-6.1億噸/年。從長(zhǎng)期來看，我國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生量可能會(huì)呈現(xiàn)緩

5、慢下降的趨勢(shì)注：數(shù)據(jù)來源為國(guó)家發(fā)改委、中國(guó)電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)、中國(guó)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)會(huì)，*2015年，2016年數(shù)據(jù)為估計(jì)值。圖2 20072016年我國(guó)粉煤灰產(chǎn)生與利用情況/億噸粉煤灰綜合利用率穩(wěn)中有升，2014年粉煤灰綜合利用率突破70%。2014 saw a breakthrough of the fly ash comprehensive utilization rate at 70%.In the long run, Chinas fly ash output is like to take the slow downturn trend. 第4頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。1.2 粉煤灰的利用途徑/Utili

6、zation ways of fly ash1 中國(guó)粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生及利用基本現(xiàn)狀Output and Utilization Basic Status of Coal Ash in China圖4 我國(guó)粉煤灰在不同領(lǐng)域利用情況建材building materials：水泥，商品混凝土以及粉煤灰 磚、加氣混凝土制品等道路工程road engineering ：路基、路面混凝土摻合料回填工程backfilling農(nóng)業(yè)agriculture ：土壤改良礦物提取Mineral extraction：提取氧化鋁和白炭黑、粉煤灰選鐵選碳等第5頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。2 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的主要問題Major Prob

7、lems in fly ash utilization in China 2.1 粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量大/Larger output2015年，我國(guó)火力發(fā)電量占總發(fā)電量的約73%，仍然是我國(guó)最主要的電力來源。In 2015 Chinas thermal power generating capacity accounted for approximately 73% of the total power generating capacity, and it remains the first and foremost power source in China2.2 地區(qū)利用不均衡/Unbalanc

8、ed regional distribution of fly ash utilization我國(guó)粉煤灰產(chǎn)生量仍將維持在較高水平，未來幾年產(chǎn)生量預(yù)計(jì)在5.6-6.1億噸/年，穩(wěn)居世界第一。The output in the future years is estimated at 560 -610 million tons/year, so China will rank first in the world. 山西、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆等煤電產(chǎn)區(qū)粉煤灰產(chǎn)量大，消納能力有限，粉煤灰利用率低Over 100 million tons per year havent be reused in Shanxi

9、, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang東南沿海等大型城市粉煤灰已經(jīng)被完全資源化利用，甚至供不應(yīng)求Fly ash supply falls short of demand in Southeast area第6頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。2 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的主要問題Major Problems in fly ash utilization in China 2.3 市場(chǎng)需求下降/Dropping market demand2.4 堆存粉煤灰缺乏科學(xué)處置/Fly ash stockpiling lacks the scientific disposal根據(jù)亞洲粉煤灰協(xié)會(huì)和中國(guó)混凝土與水泥制品協(xié)

10、會(huì)粉煤灰材料分會(huì)的調(diào)研情況來看，我國(guó)絕大部分地區(qū)粉煤灰市場(chǎng)都出現(xiàn)了量?jī)r(jià)齊降的局面，南京、上海等地區(qū)，粉煤灰供不應(yīng)求的情況沒有了據(jù)估計(jì)，我國(guó)粉煤灰的歷史堆存量至少有25億噸，并且還在以每年約1.5億噸的速度增加。主要以干排粉煤灰形式堆存在儲(chǔ)灰場(chǎng)（landfills）或濕排粉煤灰的形式儲(chǔ)存在灰壩（Ponds）中，且絕大部分集中在山西、內(nèi)蒙古等煤電集中區(qū)域。Fly ash markets in most areas in China show the situation of the simultaneous drop of price and output, particularly includ

11、ing Nanjing and Shanghai, etc., where there is no short supply of fly ash.It is estimated that the historic stockpiling quantity of Chinas fly ash is at least 2.5 billion tons, and it increases at the speed of approximately 150 million tons each year. The fly ash is mainly stockpiled in landfills in

12、 the form of the dry discharge fly ash or in ponds in the form of the wet-discharged fly ash. 第7頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。2 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的主要問題Major Problems in fly ash utilization in China 2.5 循環(huán)流化床粉煤灰問題日益嚴(yán)重 Circulating fluidized bed fly ash remains a growing problem由于循環(huán)流化床鍋爐爐內(nèi)溫度較低（約800-900），加之添加石灰石粉脫硫，產(chǎn)生的粉煤灰顆粒疏松團(tuán)聚、需水量大、鈣

13、含量高和成分復(fù)雜，應(yīng)用過程中會(huì)造成制品安定性不穩(wěn)定，假凝、開裂等一系列問題。Due to the comparatively lower temperature within the boiler (about 800-900) coupled with the added limestone powder desulfurization, the fly ash thus produced is featured with the loose grain reunion, large water demand and higher calcium content and complicate

14、d component. So in the application process, the relevant products is unstable in quality, and have a series of problems, such as, false set and cracking, etc. 而循環(huán)流化床粉煤灰的產(chǎn)生量卻在不斷增加。However, the circulating fluidized bed fly ash output continues to increase.第8頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Development trend of

15、 Chinas fly ash comprehensive utilization未來我國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用不能局限于固守目前的應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)用路線，而是應(yīng)該朝著分級(jí)利用、面向產(chǎn)品深加工、進(jìn)一步延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條方向發(fā)展。In the future, fly ash comprehensive utilization in China should seek the development toward the staged utilization, the product deep processing, further extending the industrial chain.高端中端低端實(shí)現(xiàn)粉煤

16、灰的最大化開發(fā)和利用！物理特點(diǎn)化學(xué)特點(diǎn)high-endmedium-endlow-endphysical features chemical features Facilitate the maximal development and utilization of fly ash第9頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Development trend of Chinas fly ash comprehensive utilization（1）粉煤灰提取有價(jià)元素鋁Al硅Si鐵Fe碳C鍺Ge鎵Ga粉煤灰Fly ash唐國(guó)際在內(nèi)蒙古利用托克托電廠的高鋁粉煤灰提取氧化鋁項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化

17、生產(chǎn)，而且運(yùn)行狀況良好。隨著該項(xiàng)目經(jīng)濟(jì)性的不斷改善，發(fā)展前景相當(dāng)廣闊。DTP has a project in Inner Mongolia to extract Aluminum oxide by utilizing the high-alumina fly ash in Tuoketuo Power Plant, which has materialized the industrial production and remained in the excellent operation condition. With the further economic improvement, t

18、he project has gained the considerable development prospect. Valuable elements extracted from fly ash第10頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Development trend of Chinas fly ash comprehensive utilization（2）粉煤灰生產(chǎn)建筑建材產(chǎn)品水泥cement混凝土concrete預(yù)制構(gòu)件prefabricated parts墻體材料wall materials建筑節(jié)能、建筑工業(yè)化、被動(dòng)式建筑裝飾混凝土建筑部品節(jié)能保溫板材優(yōu)質(zhì)、長(zhǎng)壽命的

19、建筑建材產(chǎn)品分離提取有用元素后Utilizing fly ash for producing the building materials and productsAfter useful elements are separated and extractedstrong promotion of the building energy conservation, building industrialization and passive building第11頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Development trend of Chinas fly ash compre

20、hensive utilization（3）粉煤灰生產(chǎn)陶瓷磚、石油壓裂支撐劑等產(chǎn)品陶瓷磚石油壓裂支撐劑功能填料有效提升了粉煤灰產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)半徑，一定程度上突破了粉煤灰綜合利用的地域局限性。粉煤灰免燒陶粒燒結(jié)陶粒生產(chǎn)污水處理過濾材料建筑節(jié)能的輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)混凝土制品Fly ash used for producing ceramic tiles, oil fracturing proppant and other productsceramic tilesoil fracturing proppant functional fillereffectively enhancing the market r

21、adius of fly ash products and breaking through the regional limitation of fly ash comprehensive utilization.unburned fly ash ceramsiteeSintered ceramsitein the production of the sewage filtering materialsbuilding energy saving lightweight high strength concrete products第12頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3 中國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Deve

22、lopment trend of Chinas fly ash comprehensive utilization（4）粉煤灰筑路、回填等側(cè)重于強(qiáng)化欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)be intentionally used to strengthen the infrastructure construction in the underdeveloped areas粉煤灰筑路和蓋房fly ash road engineering and house construction粉煤灰用于礦井塌陷區(qū)回填backfilling in the mine-collapse areas粉煤灰無(wú)害化儲(chǔ)存harmle

23、ss storage緩解對(duì)環(huán)境的污染問題作為一種資源儲(chǔ)存起來ease the environment pollution problemstore up as the resourcesFly ash road engineering and backfilling, etc.第13頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。4 我國(guó)粉煤灰綜合利用的政策建議Policy suggestion for Chinas fly ash comprehensive utilization未來粉煤灰的處理利用還需要更多的政策激勵(lì)。粉煤灰可以生產(chǎn)很多優(yōu)質(zhì)、長(zhǎng)壽命的建材產(chǎn)品和傳統(tǒng)建材的替代產(chǎn)品。建議國(guó)家相關(guān)部門出臺(tái)具體的導(dǎo)向政策，支持傳

24、統(tǒng)建材減量化，提高粉煤灰產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)份額。應(yīng)該毫不猶豫地減少傳統(tǒng)建材的生產(chǎn)，把更多的天然資源留給子孫后代！In the future, fly ash disposal and utilization still needs more policy incentives. Fly ash can be made into more excellent and long-life building materials and products and the alternative products of traditional building materials. issue the specific oriented policies, reduce the production of the traditional building