lesson53in the public interest為了公眾的利益

1、Lesson 53he publicerest為了公眾的利益evolve v. 發(fā)展，逐漸形成evolve from 從進(jìn)化而來Man has evolved from the人是從猿進(jìn)化來的。1.The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the.world for their enlightened sol policies. Sweden has evolvedan excellent system for protecting the individual citizen fromhighhanded or worked s

2、o well,斯堪的納維亞petent public officers. The system hass been adopted in other countries too.evolveo 進(jìn)化成，發(fā)展成（某種理論）t iHis idea has evolvedo a new theory.各國實行開明的社會政策，受到全世界的推他的想法發(fā)展成了一種新的理論。崇。在瑞典，已逐漸形成了一種完善的制度以保護(hù)每個公民不受專橫的和不稱職的已被其他國家采納。的欺壓。由于這種制度行之有效，high-handed專橫跋扈的the high-handed localcompetentadj. 有能力的，能勝

3、任的be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事He is not competent to the task of assembling the machine. 他不能勝任裝配機器的工作。 Generally, we are more attracted to people whoseem competent to us.ernment 專橫的當(dāng)?shù)豠 high-handed mother 一位專橫跋扈的母親一般而言，更容易被那些有能力的人吸引。12. The Swedes were theto recognizet public offil likeadopt vt. 收養(yǎng)

4、，采納civil servants,officers, health inspectors or tax-collectorsadoption adoptive(1) adopt asn. 采用，收養(yǎng)adj. 收養(yǎng)的，被采納的can make mistakes or act over-zealouslyhe beft theyare serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament收養(yǎng),抱養(yǎng);選為roduced a scheme to safeguard theerest of the individual.The

5、family have adopted three children as their own.是瑞典人首先認(rèn)識到如文職、衛(wèi)生稽查員、(2) be adoptedoHe was adopted被所收養(yǎng)o a respectable family.等等也會犯錯誤或者自以為在為公眾服務(wù)而把事情做過了頭。早在1809年，瑞典論會就建立一個保護(hù)公民利益的制度。(3) be adopted from 選自,取自This word is adopted from French.zealousadj. 熱情的，熱心的（enthusiastic）safeguardv.，guardn. 守衛(wèi)，看守be zeal

6、ous in sth. 對很熱情on/off ones guard 警惕/放松警惕vt. 防衛(wèi)，警戒，看守；控制guard against 預(yù)防，防止He is zealous in charity. 他熱衷于慈善事業(yè)。zealous service 熱情的服務(wù)zealous Worship 狂熱23.A parliamentary committee representing all political parties辨析：defend/guard/protect/shieldapposrson who iitably qualified to investigateprivate grie

7、vanagainst the Se. The offil title of theis Justiteombudsman, but the Swedes commonlyrefer to him as the J.O. or Ombudsman.議會內(nèi)有一人選專門各政黨利益的，由它委派一位稱職的個人對國家的意見。此人官銜為“司法特派員”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派員”。qualifiedadj. 有資格的，能勝任的investigate v.，研究nvestget（in+gate走進(jìn)門去仔細(xì)看看）be qualified to do sth. 有資格做某事lookobe qu

8、alified for sth. 有資格成為inspectHe is not qualified to be a doctor.=He is not qualified for a doctor.3用法例句defend辯護(hù)，防御或捍衛(wèi)The soldiers defended the castle.guard保持警惕，確保人身安全The player was guarded closely by her tect用某種東西作為防御使人免受This cream will protect you from burning sun.shield用東西遮擋Thewere equ

9、ipped with shields.4.The Ombudsman is not subject to political prere. Hegrievanceinvestigates complas large and smallt come to him fromn. 委屈，牢騷，不滿have grievance against 對有不滿 air/express ones grievance 發(fā)牢騷 grieve v. 悲傷，悲痛grieved adj. 悲傷的all levels of society. As complathe Ombudsman receives as must b

10、e made in writing,age of 1,200 letters a year.司法特派員不受任何政治壓力的制約。他聽取社會各階層的各種大小意見，并。由于意見均需面形式提出，司法特派員每年平均收到1,200封信。subjectcomplainvi. 抱怨，complavt. 訴說，申訴，n.，科目n. 抱怨，怨言adj. 受支配的，服從be subject to sb./sth. 受支配We are subject to the law and so受到法律和社會公德心的complain abou complain to complain againstcomplain of/of

11、抱怨，向抱怨 (向)申訴抱怨，訴苦l(xiāng) plain of ones bad memory 抱怨力不好45.He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examisingle letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about thevery【例1】（2013People compla卷）hat decis to approve or deny aOmbudsmans work for his correspondence is open to publicpermit a

12、re often rathercriteria.n based on fixedinspection. If a citizens complawill act on his behalf.is justified, the OmbudsmanA. appropriateC. arbitraryB. consciousD. controversial他有8位作他的助手協(xié)助工作，每封信都詳細(xì)批閱。司法特派員的工作沒可言，他的信件是公開的，供公眾監(jiān)督。如果公民的意見正確，司法特派員便為他伸張正義。correspondenceresponsibleadj. 盡責(zé)的,負(fù)有責(zé)任的be responsib

13、le forbe responsible to對某事負(fù)責(zé)任n. 來往書信the correspondence column 讀者來信專欄respond 反應(yīng)correspondentcorrespond with 與相一致His words dont correspond with reality.對負(fù)責(zé)responsen. 反應(yīng)，答復(fù)in response to作為對的回應(yīng)respondv. 回答，作出反應(yīng)respond to 回答，回應(yīng)5on behalf of易混辨析= on sb.s behalf 代表，為了He spoke on behalf of all the members o

14、f the staff.他代表全體員工講了話。On behalf of the other honorees, I say我代表獲得此一榮譽的其他人向nk you.表示感謝。6. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the選詞填空： stand for/represent/on behalf ofcompla. He may gently reprimand an offil or even1.The assotion was formed to theerestssuggest to parliamentt a law

15、the altered. The followingof women artists.You both freedom.Im calling Company.case is a typical exle of the Ombudsmans work.司法特員采取的行動因意見的性質(zhì)不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批評某位，也可以甚至向議會提議修改某項法律。下述事件是司法特派員工作的一個典型例子。6辨析stand for代表；象征。側(cè)重于用另外的東西代表或表示on behalf of代表(或某組織)；為了的利益represent指有代表性或象征性地描述或講述reprimandv. 譴責(zé)，斥責(zé)sever

16、e reprimand 嚴(yán)厲的斥責(zé)typicaladj. 典型的，有代表性的 (type典型+ -al)represenive 有代表性的reprimand sb. for (ng) sth. 因為(做)某事斥責(zé)be typical of sth. 是的典型He has been fined five thousand dollars and given a severe reprimand for driving too fast.他因超速被罰款5000，并且受到嚴(yán)厲的訓(xùn)斥。It is typical of sb. to do sth.一向做某事【例2】（2008江西卷）Jack is la

17、te again. It is of him to keep others waiting.alternativeadj. n. 可供選擇的；可替代品alternative energy 替代能源A. normalC. commonB. ordinaryD. typicalalter v. 更改，修改77.【例3】The way was blocked, so we had to go by a(n) road.A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsmancomplainingt he had been ill-t

18、reated by the, simplybecause he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediayAalternativeCdistantBsimpleDlatterwrote to the Chief ofa record of the case.he distriking him to send一個住在瑞典鄉(xiāng)村的外國人寫信給司法特派員，抱怨說他受到的，原因就是因為他是個外國人。司法特派員立即寫信給當(dāng)?shù)?，請他寄送與此事有關(guān)的材料。8. There was nothinghe record to showt the foreignersstrongl

19、yjustifycomplawas justified and the Chief ofjustify sth. (to sb.) 對做出解釋You dont need to justify yourself to me. He attempts to justify his conduct.他試圖為他的行為辯護(hù)。denied the accusation. It was imto take action,sible for the Ombudsman材料中沒有任何文字記載證明外國人所說的情況符合事實，矢口否認(rèn)這一指控。司法特派員難以處理。justified adj. 合理的His condu

20、ct is justified.89.but when he received a similar complafrom another foreignerascertain stenv. 查明，弄清楚（clarify）ascertain loss 確定損失he same village, he immediay sent one of his layers toinvestigate the matter. The lawyer ascertainedt amans.haddealt roughly with foreigners on several occaascertahe true

21、facts 查明但是，當(dāng)他又收到住在同一村莊的另一個外國人寫的一封內(nèi)容類ascertain responsibility 判明責(zé)任似的信時，他立即派出一位前去。證實有個警察確實多次粗魯?shù)貙Υ鈬恕?0. The factt the man was prejudiced against foreignersoccan. 場合，時機(1) on occa偶爾(sometimes)could not be recordedhe offil files. It was onlysiblefor the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his(

22、2) on the occaof 在的時候represenives to check the facts.(3) occaal adj. 偶爾的外國人的事在中不可能加以記載，司法特occaally adv. 有時，偶爾派員只有派他的代表去核對事實才能了解。911. Theman in question was severely reprimanded andprejudicewas informedt if any further complas were lodgedn. 偏見（bias）against him, he would prosecuted. The Ombudsmans pro

23、mptaction at once put an end to an unpleasant practice whichPride and Prejudice 傲慢與偏見have prejudice against sth. 對懷有偏見migh當(dāng)事的將受到ve gone unnoticed.受到嚴(yán)厲的斥責(zé)，并知，如果再有人他，他Many people have prejudice against the native.。司法特派員及時采取的行動，迅速制止了這一起不愉快的事件，不然這件事可能因未得到人們注意而不了了之。in question 有關(guān)的prosecute prskjut=concernedIt is just the speedvt.，t is in question（concerned）.prosecute sb. for sth. 因為Photograp