淄博市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三下第一次測(cè)試英語試題含答案

1、2021-2022高考英語模擬試卷注意事項(xiàng)1考生要認(rèn)真填寫考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位序號(hào)。2試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分必須用2B 鉛筆作答；第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。3考試結(jié)束后，考生須將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分 （共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1He _ a chance to try it again just now.A gave B will give C is given D was given2-Mum, I dont think I am qualified enough to do this.-Honey, be

2、 confident! You should know it is _ a man thinks of himself _ really determines his fate.Athat; that Bhow; that Cwhat; that Dhow; that 3It is obvious that John is unhappy. _, it comes as no surprise that she has decided to change her job.AHoweverBOtherwiseCMoreoverDTherefore4I broke my relationship

3、with Peter because he always found _ with me.Aerror BfailureCmistake Dfault5Whitney Houstons sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem _ we should deal with it appropriately.AasBthatCwhichDwhere6I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.It true because there was lit

4、tle snow there.Amay be notBwont beCcouldnt beDmustnt be7The boy the first prize, but he was so careless as to make a foolish mistake.Amust have gainedBneed have gainedCcould have gainedDshall have gained8I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow. .AI really envy youBGl

5、ad to hear thatCSounds greatDTake it easy9he newly-discovered star was named _ a Chinese astronomer _his contributions to astronomy.Afor; in favor ofBafter; in honor ofCby; in memory ofDas; in praise of10To get a slim figure, Fanny has tried many ways, but in vain. So now she is reduced anythingfor

6、supper.Ato not eatingBnot to eatCnot to eatingDto not eat11Among the young people, there is a growing tendency _ money more highly than quality of life.AregardingBto regardingCto regardDregarded12In front of the whole audience, Premiere Li made his promise _ the government would try its best to solv

7、e the problem of poverty in China.Awhat BwhichCwhether Dthat13-Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.- _! Ill tell dad theres nothing serious.ACongratulations BWhat a reliefCHow surprising DIm so sorry14I wonder why he has been acting so strangely these daysRecent pressure at work may

8、 _ his behaviorAaccount for Bcall for Cchange for Dstand for15It is immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.AsinceBwhatCwhenDwhether16Would you like me the radio a bit?No, its all right. Im used with the radio .Ato turn down; to work; onBturning down; to working; onCturning down;

9、to working; offDto turn down; to working; on17The college examination is _ easier this year than I have expected.AfairlyBquiteCratherDvery18Whats up? You look down. I have piles of papers _, but I type so slowly.Ato be typed Btyped Cto type Dbeing typed19Its great that all the visitors who on the is

10、land were saved.AtrappedBhave been trappedChad trappedDhad been trapped20If the weather had been better, we _ a picnic yesterday.Amust have hadBwould haveCcould have hadDwill have第二部分 閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21（6分）Can training Your Working Memory Make You Smarter?We would all lik

11、e to increase our cognitive(認(rèn)知的)ability beyond the limits set by Mother Nature. So its no wonder that brain-training programmeswhich typically focus on training our working memoryare a multibillion-dollar industry. But can this kind of training really make us smarter?Cognitive training sees the brai

12、n as a kind of muscle that can be made stronger with the right kind of practice. It consists of tasks or games carried out on computers or smart phones. Despite much research, there has so far been no agreement about its effectiveness. Some think that cognitive training increases a broad range of co

13、gnitive abilities, while others less optimistic.Yet we do know that some cognitive skills, such as working memory and intelligence, tend to go together and are predictors of real-life skills such as work performance. Thus, training one cognitive skill might lead to an improvement in many other cogni

14、tive and non-cognitive skills. That is exactly the underlying hypothesis(假設(shè))on which working-memory training is based.To test this hypothesis, we examined all the studies about working-memory training we could find with normally developing children: 26 experiments and 1,601 total participants. Child

15、ren represent an ideal test group: during childhood, skills are still at the beginning of their development. Thus, cognitive training is more likely to succeed with children than adults.The results were very clear. Working-memory training did not show any effect on childrens fluid intelligence, a pe

16、rsons ability to solve new problems and adapt to new situations. It didnt influence their academic achievement or other cognitive abilities, either. The only reliable effect was that children got better at what they trained to do. No more, no less. So performing working-memory tasks does seem to mak

17、e you better at doing them. Nonetheless, the fact that participants got better at such tasks does not necessarily mean that their working-memory ability increased. They may just have learnt how to perform that particular type of task.The results do indicate that the use of working-memory training pr

18、ograms as an educational tool is fruitless. More generally, together with other research, the results contribute to disproving cognitive training companies promises of a better brain.The results have even more important implications theoretically. They question the hypothesis that training general c

19、ognitive mechanisms can affect other cognitive or real-life skills. Beyond working-memory training, other recent studies have shown the improving cognitive skills outside music-including academic skills.However, these negative results must not discourage us from training our cognitive and non-cognit

20、ive skills. We just have to be aware of the actual limitations of such practice in areas outside what we are actually training. But that doesnt mean we shouldnt do it-the most efficient way to develop a skill is, after all, to train that skill.1、To find out the effect of working memory training, the

21、 author _.Amade some scientific studiesBreviewed the previous researchCcompared different test groupsDgot some children involved in the experiment2、Children joining in the experiments were able to _.Ado better in the field where they are trainedBobtain greater academic achievementsCadjust to new sit

22、uations quicklyDsucceed when they deal with real life problems3、What is the authors attitude toward the cognitive training?APessimistic BDisapprovingCObjective DOptimistic4、Cognitive training is likely to _ according to the passage.Adiscover the secrets of human mindsBmake ones brain stronger by way

23、 of practiceCearn a good name for the training companyDbring much profit to the training companies22（8分）Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. Sci

24、entists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with oth

25、er human beings. One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story r

26、epeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard befor

27、e he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers

28、 attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their childrens activities and did not interfere(干預(yù)) unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observe

29、d the women for signs of depression. The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.These children also were less cooperat

30、ive and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.1、According to the passage, whic

31、h of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies?AThe environment. BTheir peersCMothers sensitivity DEducation before birth2、What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?ATo prove that babies can learn on the first day they ar

32、e bornBTo show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babiesCTo indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies language skillsDTo prove that babies can learn before they are born3、Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?AThe children of w

33、omen who did not suffer from depressionBThe children of depressed but caring mothersCThe children of depressed mothers who cared little for their childrenDChildren with high communication abilities4、What is the main idea of the passage?AScientific findings about how intelligence develops in babiesBS

34、cientific findings about how babies develop before birthCScientific findings about how time has an effect on babies intelligenceDA study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are five or six months old23（8分） China has announced its abolishing its one-child policy. What difference has

35、it made, statistically speaking? 400 million births prevented The one-child policy, officially in place since 1979, has prevented 400 million births. Parents have faced fines and other punishments for having more children.The majority of the decrease in Chinas fertility(生育)rate happened in the 1970s

36、. It dropped from 5.8 children per woman in 1970 t0 2.7 in 1978. Despite the one-child policy the rate had only fallen t0 1.7 by 2013.21:28 baby death rate Since the one-child policy was introduced, baby girls have become more likely to die than boys.In the 1970s, according to the United Nations, 60

37、 males per l,000 live births died under the age of one. For girls the figure was 53. In the 1980s, after the one-child policy became official, the rate for both was 36. By the 1990s, 26 males per l,000 live births died before the age of one-and 33 girls. The 2000s saw 21 boys per l,000 live births d

38、ying and 28 girls. 1.16 boys born for every girlSexually selective abortions have been considered as a major cause of Chinas unusual sexual imbalance. Gietel-Basten, associate professor in social policy at Oxford University, says the births of many girls are not registered if parents have broken the

39、 rule by having two children, adding officials often turn a blind eye. Its estimated there are now 33 million more men than women in China.4：2：1 familiesWith the ageing of Chinas population and the continuation of the one-child policy, a “4: 2 : 1”home is the description given to households in which

40、 there are four grandparents cared for by two working age parents, who themselves have one child.By 2050, its predicted that a quarter of Chinas population will be 65 or older. The predicted decline in the number of people of working age is thought to have persuaded the government to drop the one-ch

41、ild policy.1、When was the baby death rate for both boys and girls equal?AIn the 1970s.BIn the 1980s.CIn the 1990s.DIn the 2000s.2、What makes the one-child policy abolished according to the passage?AThe decline of birth rate.BThe rise of baby death rate.CThe change of family structure.DThe decline of

42、 working age people.3、The passage sums up the one-child policy by _ .AnumberBexampleCcontrastDanalysis24（8分）Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (學(xué)步的兒童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isnt challenged, scientists have discovered. While most

43、 children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠無情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.Luke Hy

44、de, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their childs genes so its been difficult to know if

45、were seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examine

46、d biological mothers antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that

47、 small, day-to-day positive interactions (互動(dòng)) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in childrens development, said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of be

48、haviors, hearing good job or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published i

49、n the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.1、Whats the main idea of the passage?AKids social behaviors are related to crime.BCriminals begin their crimes

50、during adolescence.CAntisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.DWarmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.2、What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?AAntisocial behaviors might be inherited.BThe genes decide kids antisocial behaviors.CA

51、ntisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.DAdopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.3、What can be inferred from the passage?AParenting is the main reason that causes kids antisocial behaviors.BWhat causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents chara

52、cteristics.CLeslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers active interactions with kids.DInherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.4、Why will researchers track kids process of growing?ATo make sure if kids behaviors will last.BTo make sure if praise will

53、 change kids.CTo determine if kids behaviors will be inherited.DTo determine if parents comfort will protect kids.25（10分）Food production does great harm to our environment.There are many procedures involved in the manufacture of food that result in greenhouse gases and other pollutants.Some procedur

54、es require the consumption of large amounts of fossil fuels,such as the transportation and storage of food products.Other factors that cause great damage to our environment include the overuse of fresh water.The production of beef is more damaging to the environment than that of any other food we co

55、nsume,Raising large numbers of cattle requires the production of large amounts of food for the animals.Its estimated that producing one pound of beef requires seven pounds of feed.Land use is also a problem.If the cattle are free-range cattle,large areas of land are required for them to live on.This

56、 has led to disastrous forest cutting and the loss of rare plants and animal species,particularly in tropical rain forests in Central and South America.Another problem specific to beef production is methane emissions (甲烷排放).Although many people are aware of the damaging effects of carbon dioxide,the

57、y dont realize methanes global warming potential is 25 times worse,making it a more dire problem.Unfortunately,beef consumption is growing rapidly.This is the result of simple supply and demand factors.Specifically,there are two main causes of demand that are encouraging the production of more suppl

58、y.First,the increase in the world population means there are more people to consume meat.The second factor is socioeconomic advancement.As citizens in developing nations become financially stable,they can afford to buy more meat.Therefore,one way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is for people

59、around the world to significantly cut down on the amount of beef they eat.1、Which of the following is TRUE?ARaising free-range cattle is eco-friendly.BPeople cut down trees for animal habitats.CProducing beef can damage the environment.DCarbon dioxide causes far more harm than methane.2、The underlin

60、ed word “dire” in Para.4 means .Aurgent BcommonCtypical Davoidable3、Beef production is growing rapidly because .Amore people are in demand of beefBdeveloping countries raise more cattleCmore land is available to raise cattleDthe cost of raising cattle is relatively low4、The author writes this articl