基礎(chǔ)物理詞匯(英文版)

1、物理力 force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction質(zhì)量mass慣量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque靜止at rest相對(duì)relative能量energy動(dòng)能kenetic energy勢(shì)能potential energy功 work動(dòng)量momentum角動(dòng)量angular momentum能量守恒energy conservation保守力conserved force振動(dòng)vibration振幅amplitude波 wave駐波standing wave震蕩oscillation相干波coherent wave干涉interference

2、衍射diffraction軌道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizental豎直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐標(biāo)coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系cersian coordinate system極坐標(biāo)系polar coordinate system彈簧spring球體sphere環(huán) loop盤型disc圓柱形cylinder頻率 frequency電學(xué)磁學(xué)：周期 period電子 electron電磁波 electomagnetic wave電荷 charge平面 plane電流 current電場 e

3、lectric field熱學(xué)：電通量 electric flux熱平衡 thermal equilibrium電勢(shì) electirc potential理想氣體 ideal gas導(dǎo)體 conductor熱能 thermal energy電介質(zhì) dieletric熱量 heat絕緣體 insultalor熱容 heat capacity電阻 resistor外界 surrounding電阻率 resistivity準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)過程 quasi-static process電容 capacitor無窮 infinite這幾個(gè)比較容易搞混我就經(jīng)常搞混橫截面 cross ection勻強(qiáng)電場 unifo

4、rm electric field等體過程 isochoric process分布 ditribution等壓過程 isobaric process磁場 magnetic field等溫過程 isothermal process磁通量 magnetic flux絕熱過程 adiabatic process電感 inductance變壓器 transformer循環(huán) cycle光學(xué)光 light光程optical path光強(qiáng)度light intensity偏振polarization波長wave length傳播propagation量子力學(xué)（高中好像講了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）原子atomic光子photo

5、n光電效應(yīng)photo-electric effect物質(zhì)波matter wave光譜spectrum激光laser衰減decay輻射radiation械振動(dòng)mechanical vibration簡諧振動(dòng)simple harmonic oscillation振幅amplitude周期period頻率ferquency赫茲hertz單擺simple pendulum受迫振動(dòng)forced vibration共振resonnance機(jī)械波mechanical wave介質(zhì)medium橫波transverse wave縱波longitudinal wave波長wavelength超聲波superson

6、ic wave阿伏加德羅常數(shù)Avogadro constant布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)Brown mation熱運(yùn)動(dòng)thermal motion熱力學(xué)能thermal energy內(nèi)能 internal energy熱力學(xué)第一定律first law ofthermodynamics能量守恒定律 law of conservation of元電荷 elementary chargeenergy電荷守恒定律 law of conservation of熱力學(xué)第二定律 second law ofchargethermodynamics庫侖（電荷單位）coulomb電場 electric fileld電場強(qiáng)度 ele

7、ctric field strength各向同性 isotropy電場線 electric potential各向異性 anisotropy電勢(shì) electric potential單晶體 single crystal(monocrystal)電勢(shì)差 /電壓 electric potential difference多晶體 ploycrystal伏特 volt表面張力 surface tension電容 capacitance毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象 capillarity電容器 capacitor液晶 liquid crystal法拉（電容單位）farad電流 electric current安培（電流單位

8、）ampere電荷 electric charge電阻 resistance電荷量 queantity df electricity歐姆（電阻單位）ohm正電荷 positive charg電動(dòng)勢(shì) electormotive force(e.m.f.)負(fù)電荷 negative charg半導(dǎo)體 semiconductor庫侖定律 Coulomb law超導(dǎo)體 superconductor靜電感應(yīng) electrostatic induction感應(yīng)電荷inducde charge磁性 magnetism電感 inductance磁場 magnetic field變壓器 transformer磁感

9、線 magnetic induction line電能 electric energy安培定則 Ampere rule電磁場 electromagnetic field安培力 Ampere force電磁波 electromagnetic wave磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度magnetic induction雷達(dá) radar左手定則 left-hand rule洛倫茲力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux光線 light ray電磁感應(yīng) elctromagnetic induction平行光 parallel light感應(yīng)電流 induction current實(shí)象 real im

10、age感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)induction electromotive force虛象 virtual image電磁感應(yīng)定律law of electromagnetic折射 refactioninduction入射角 incident angle右手定則 right-hand rule反射角 reflection angle自感 self-induction折射角 diffraction angle折射率 diffraction index全反射 total reflection交流 alternating current臨界角 critical angle瞬時(shí)值 instantaneous val

11、ue光導(dǎo)纖維 optical fiber峰值 peak value棱鏡 prism有效值 effective value色散 dispersion光譜spectrum能級(jí) energy level波的衍射 diffraction of wave基態(tài) ground state波的干涉 interference of waves激發(fā)態(tài) excited state紅外線 infrared ray躍遷 transition紫外線 ultraviolet ray放射性 radioactivityX 射線 X-ray 射線 ray電磁波譜 electromagnetic effect 射線 ray光電效應(yīng) photoelectric effect 射線 ray光子 photon衰變 decay普朗克常數(shù)Planck constant核反應(yīng) nuclear reaction波粒二象性wave-particle duality核能 nuclear energy概率波 probability wave質(zhì)能方程 mass-energy