高考英語-語法專題(三)課件

1、2011屆高考英語語法專題(三)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在不同的時(shí)態(tài)下助動(dòng)詞be有不同的形式?，F(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(am，is，are)told一般過去時(shí)be (was，were)told一般將來時(shí)shall/will be told過去將來時(shí)should/would be told進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (am，is，are)being told過去進(jìn)行時(shí)be (was，were)being told完成式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been told過去完成時(shí)had be

2、en told1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are ordered to do it.這樣考過(2009南京調(diào)研)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm _ to strike our area.Bhas expectedCis expected Dwill be expected解析：句意：屆時(shí)會(huì)有暴風(fēng)雪。be expected to“預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)做某事”。答案：C2一般過去時(shí)：I was invited to the concert.這樣考過(2009北京)The way the guests

3、_ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.Atreated Bwere treatedCwould treat Dwould be treated解析：句意：客人們在旅館中被招待的方式影響到對(duì)他們服務(wù)的評(píng)價(jià)。此題考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，客人是被招待的，應(yīng)排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；influenced 時(shí)間提示為一般過去時(shí)，故選B。答案：B(2009湖南示范性中學(xué)聯(lián)考)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _ b

4、y the British in 1770. Awas claimed Bclaimed Cwas claiming Dhas been claimed解析：由句意：自1606年被荷蘭探險(xiǎn)者發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，澳大利亞東半部分在1770年宣布為英國所有，知答案選A。答案：A3一般將來時(shí)：The matter will be looked into tomorrow.這樣考過(2009皖西四校)_ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games _ in London. AWhat; will be heldBIt; will hold CAs; is held

5、 DWhich; holds解析：由句意知空中應(yīng)填一個(gè)引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞，并作句子的主語；由句中的時(shí)間2012年知表將來，且Olympic Games與hold之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。綜上選A。答案：A(2009北京海淀區(qū))If your order is ready，the Tshirt _ to you as soon as possible.Ahas delivered Bis deliveredCwill deliver Dwill be delivered解析：主語是Tshirt 謂語動(dòng)詞，deliver 應(yīng)用被動(dòng)，表示Tshirt被送，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)語境，如果你定了貨，Tshirt

6、 將會(huì)隨時(shí)被送貨。故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D(2009北京宣武區(qū))A meeting _ at 3 pm.next Tuesday.Will you go there?Ahas held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dwill hold 解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語next Tuesday 判斷用將來式。主語是meeting 被舉行因此選C項(xiàng)。will be held 為將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。答案：C4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The house is being built.這樣考過(2009四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge

7、 to it _.Ahas repaired Bis repairedCis being repaired Dwill be repaired解析：句意：為什么我們不選擇走那條路以節(jié)省時(shí)間呢？因?yàn)槿ツ菞l路的橋正在修理中。題目考查了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作謂語。橋與修理存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且根據(jù)句子語境要求采用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。答案：C(2009湖南)Would you please keep silent？The weather report _ and I want to listen.Ais broadcast Bis being broadcastChas been broadcast Dhad be

8、en broadcast 解析：句意：請(qǐng)安靜一下好嗎？正廣播天氣預(yù)報(bào)呢，我想聽聽。根據(jù)句意，該空考查的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：B(2009江蘇)Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry._.AIts repaired BIt has been repairedCIts being repaired DIt had been repaired解析：句意：嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一會(huì)兒你的電腦嗎？真抱歉，電腦正在修理。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此時(shí)電腦正被維修，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：C5過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：W

9、hen I called，tea was being served.這樣考過(2009上海)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warning Dalways warned解析：句意：在最近恐怖活動(dòng)期間，人們總是在被警告不要碰任何無人照看的包。be always doing sth.總是做某事，表達(dá)某種抱怨、不滿或贊許的情緒。人們是“

10、被警告”，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：B6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：My bike has been repaired.這樣考過(2009全國)His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of 解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年離開家，從那以后就沒了音訊。根據(jù)句意，指的是過去離開以后，到現(xiàn)在一直沒音訊，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；hear of 與his sister 在本句中為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以選B。答案：B7過去完成時(shí)：Whe

11、n we went to the cinema，the film had been on for ten minutes.這樣考過(2009北京崇文區(qū))It was proven that the story of one witness _.Ahas been invented Bhad been inventedCwould be invented Dwas invented解析：此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，據(jù)證實(shí)(It was proven that.)用過去的時(shí)態(tài)，故后面用過去完成式(已經(jīng)被編造出來)。答案：B(2009皖南八校聯(lián)考)This Monday morning I was informe

12、d I _ as one of three exchange students from our college.Ahad been choosing Bwas chosenChad been chosen Dwas choosing解析：過去的過去應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：C8過去將來時(shí)：He said that the teaching building would be built next month.這樣考過(2006湖南)In a room above the store，where a party_，some workers were busily setting the

13、table.Awas to be held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dis being held解析：由some workers were busily setting the table，可知會(huì)議要被召開，同時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，故選A。答案：A9將來完成時(shí)：They will have finished the work ahead of time when we decide to see them.這樣考過(2009青島質(zhì)檢)Have you finished your essay?Half _ when you come back.Ahas been don

14、e Bis doneCbe done Dwill have been done解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)辨析。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，所以主句表示將來的動(dòng)作，且表示“等你回來的時(shí)候一半的工作將已經(jīng)完成”。答案：D10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞These books must be returned in three days.注：被動(dòng)語態(tài)還有一種“get過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。例如：Teacher Wang got married last year.這樣考過(2009北京宣武區(qū))At minus 130，a living c

15、ell can _ for a thousand years.Apreserve Bbe preservedCbe preserving Dhave been preserved解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。can 后面接動(dòng)詞原形，同時(shí)應(yīng)注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意為：在零下130時(shí)，活細(xì)胞可以存活一千年。答案：B二、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況用法例句這幾類動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)表示烹調(diào)、飲食方面的動(dòng)詞。如：cook，eat，drink，taste等。The soup tastes delicious.湯很好喝。表示運(yùn)動(dòng)變化的某些動(dòng)詞。如：drive，change，move等。In America，cars drive

16、 on the righthand side of the road.在美國，車輛靠右行駛。表示主語狀態(tài)、特征的連系動(dòng)詞。如：look，feel，smell，sound等。The desk feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來很光滑。用法例句用來作定語，和被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞不定式。Please lend me a pen to write with.請(qǐng)借給我一支鋼筆寫字。在“beadj.不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與主語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The chair is very comfortable to sit on

17、.這把椅子坐著很舒適。在“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式動(dòng)作與疑問詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Who do you think can tell us what to do?你認(rèn)為誰可以告訴我們做什么？用法例句在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語后的不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用其被動(dòng)形式。但跟邏輯主語時(shí)必須用主動(dòng)形式。There is nothing to fear/to be feared.沒有什么可害怕的。Theres nothing for me to do today.今天我無事可做。在beadj./adv.enough不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示

18、被動(dòng)意義。The story was not interesting enough to publish.這部小說趣味性不夠，不能發(fā)表。表示“需要”意義的need，want，require及worth之后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。His watch is out of order and needs repairing.他的手表出毛病了，需要修理。這樣考過(2009洛陽統(tǒng)考)Honey，this is a present for your birthday.Ah！A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it _ comfortable.Awears Bis wornCi

19、s wearing Dhas worn解析：it wears comfortable 它穿起來很舒服。答案： A(2009鄭州預(yù)測)Id like a pen which _ well.Will this one _？Awrites; help Bwrites; doCis written; work Dis written; help解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的鋼筆”，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)，因此空白處填writes。答語說：這支筆可以嗎？表示“行，可以”用動(dòng)詞do。答案：B(2009北京五中)Our house has reached the point where

20、 so many things need _ and its so hard to find the time to fix them.Ato do up Bdoing upCto put up Dputting up答案：B三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)。區(qū)別例句大多數(shù)用by短語的句子是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；若用其他固定搭配的介詞，往往是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。I was frightened by his ghost story.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))我被他的鬼故事嚇著了。I was frightened of snakes.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))我怕蛇。區(qū)別例

21、句“bep.p.”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，若句中有時(shí)間狀語，說明動(dòng)作的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性，是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；若無這類狀語，則是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The bank is usually closed at six.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))銀行通常在6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。The bank is now closed.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))銀行現(xiàn)在沒開門?！癰ep.p.”是一般過去時(shí)，若句中有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或目的狀語，多為被動(dòng)語態(tài)；沒有狀語的情況要依據(jù)上下文意思確定。The picture was drawn long ago.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))這幅畫是很久以前畫的。The picture was drawn well.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))這幅畫畫得很好。這樣考過(武漢)

22、Moms spent the day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she_.Ahas worn out Bis worn outCis wearing out Dwears out解析：本題的第一分句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語now可知指現(xiàn)在狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，be worn out意為“筋疲力盡”。答案：B四、“get過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法用法例句表示突然、偶然、意外發(fā)生的事。The student got hurt on his way home from school.這名學(xué)生在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷。Some glasses got

23、 broken when we were moving.我們搬家的時(shí)候有些杯子被打碎了。用法例句表示反身行為而非被動(dòng)行為。I have to get dressed before 8 oclock.8點(diǎn)鐘前我必須穿戴好。Im afraid you cant have time to get changed before the party.恐怕在晚會(huì)前你沒時(shí)間換衣服了。表示說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作。Antonio and Portia arranged to get married.安東尼奧和鮑西婭籌備要結(jié)婚。Did you get invited to the party?你被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)了嗎？這樣

24、考過(2009北京東城區(qū))Do you know how much a babysitter _ for an hour?Well，it depends.Apays Bgets paidCbeing paid Dpaid解析：根據(jù)句意“你知道一個(gè)保姆一小時(shí)掙多少錢嗎”可知答案為B。答案：B(2009重慶診斷)Whats wrong with your leg?It _ in a car accident.Ahas been hurt Bgot hurt Churt Dhurts解析：考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。答語意為：在一次車禍中受傷了。主語It即指my leg，為謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，因此需

25、要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；車禍發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。這里got hurtwas hurt。答案：B單項(xiàng)填空1The students said hello to the teacher and _ with a smile.Awere rewarded Bwas rewardedChave rewarded Dhas rewarded答案與解析：A“學(xué)生們向老師問好，老師回應(yīng)給他們一個(gè)微笑。”應(yīng)該是“學(xué)生們被回應(yīng)”由句意可知此處為被動(dòng)，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞為“were”，故選A項(xiàng)。2Have the traffic police caught the

26、driver?Yes.He _ only two hours after the accident occurred.Awas caught BcaughtChas caught Dhas caught答案與解析：A表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事用過去式。He和caught 形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.Right.They _ for weeks.Ahavent been cleaned Bdidnt cleanChadnt been cleaned Dhavent cleaned

27、答案與解析：C考查時(shí)態(tài)。第一句話的謂語動(dòng)詞是must have taken，說明此處是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的推測；答語“好幾個(gè)星期沒有打掃了”發(fā)生在that day 之前，表示過去的過去，因此用過去完成時(shí)。4The advanced highspeed railway _ in the year 2012，when the Olympics are to be held in London.Awill be completed Bhas completedCwill have completed Dwill complete答案與解析：A考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中的時(shí)間狀語in the year 2

28、012暗示應(yīng)該用將來的某種時(shí)態(tài)，主語“The advanced highspeed railway”是動(dòng)作的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只有選項(xiàng)A為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，答案為A。5Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.Ahas been left unfinishedBhas left to finishCwas left to finishDhad been left unfinished答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由broke down和since 可知時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間

29、是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6Why dont you buy that shirt?That kind of material _ well.Adoesnt wash Bhasnt washedCisnt washed Dcant be washed答案與解析：A有少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為不及物動(dòng)詞，常見的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此時(shí)句子的主語一般是物，而且這些動(dòng)詞常和well，easily等連用或與否定詞連用構(gòu)成否定句。注意：含有這類動(dòng)詞的句子也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示，但含義不同。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示現(xiàn)狀，被動(dòng)語態(tài)則側(cè)重某一動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。本

30、句表示那種面料很不耐洗，所以選A。7After saying goodbye，the couple moved off and _ in the crowd.Awas lost Bwere lost Chad lost Dto lose答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是the couple，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；空中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與moved off 一致，此處應(yīng)用be lost，表示“消失在人群里”。8Why do you go to work by bus?Because my car _.Ahas repaired Bhas been repairedCwas repaired Dis being repaired答案與解析：D考查時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。從本題語境可知，沒有開車的原因是車子正在被修理，因此動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9He _ as a child，sent to