中西方英雄主義的差異(英文)

1、SimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternheroismAheroistheeternaltopicofhuman.Itsdefinitionwillbedifferentwiththechangeofnationality,culture,time,personaldifferences.Everyculturecouldshapeuniquehero.Heroismisthefundamentalandabundantsourceofforcewhichwillpushcontinuouslythehistoricprogress,

2、socialdevelopment,andabundanceofhumanity.Itisakindofreflectaboutspecificculturalpursuit.Toacertainextent;itinfluencesthedevelopmentofhumansociety.ThispaperwillanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternheroismbyguanyouandAchillescharacterscomparisonanddiscussthereasoncausingthediffe

3、rence.Essenceofheroisthatwhenhumanfacedeath,nature,societyandvariousalienforcethatoppressesanddistortsman,resultinginproducingapositiveandintensewillingoflifewhichhasthecouragetobreakthroughandfighttheretreat.Becauseofthis,heroworshipassociatedwithhumansocietycomesintobeingandthroughouthumansociety.

4、Wecansayheroisminpromotingthedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasindelibleinfluence.Butheroismisnotabstractandrootlessexist,Itneedstoinoculateinspecificrealities,differentculturalbackgroundandvaluesystemwillportrayadifferenttypeofhero.ThispaperwillanalyzesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternher

5、oismbythecomparisonofthetwoheroes.AlthoughGuanyouandAchillesbelongtodifferenteras,theroadofachievementhassomesimilarities,thefaithofbuildingbusinessisoneofthem.Inthelastyears,theHandynastychaosontheonehand,theyellowturbaninsurrectionaryuprising.ontheotherhand,Dongzhuomutinies.Wecanevensayguanyulives

6、inatroubledtime.Butitisso-calledaheroisknowninthetime”,andsuchturbulentdaysgiveguanyouanopportunitytoachievehiscareer.Whentheyellowturbaninsurrectionaryuprising,Guanyuadheresthebeliefofservingourcountryandbuildinggreatcareerandbecamebrotherswithliebee.Sincethen,guanyouwithhisloyalty,followsLiubeefor

7、war,grabsyoujinandpangde,waterfloodssevenarmies.Allwithoutexceptionshowshisbeliefofbuildingasolidcareer.Similarly,Achillesroadofheroandhisbeliefofbuildingasolidcareerarecloselylinked.InHomerepicpoems,wecanclearlyrealizeAchillesisanindividualismsupremehero.Becauseoftheheroshonor,heparticipatedintheTr

8、ojanwar(althoughhehadpredictedhisdeath).Butinordertogetthehonor,hemustestablishgreatexploits.Heisevervictorious,especiallyintheTrojanwar,hekillsthecaptainofTroy,Hector,andbecomesthegreatestheroinGreekhistory.Thus,aherosachievementneedsafirmbelieftosupport.Historically,wecansayguanyuismodeloftheloyal

9、tyandbrave.Peopleadmirehisextraordinarilybrave,butalsotheyareshockedandmoved.bytheunbendingspiritaltogether.Forexample,fromthethingthatguanyufailsinMadisontosee,guanyulosesthejingzhouforcarelessness.Lvmengmakeitspieces,andsentsoldiersheavilytosurroundthem.Liufenglistenstothegossip,andrefusetosendtro

10、opstorescue,causingguanyuintodespair.DongwusentZhuGeJintopersuade,butguanyurefusestotakethebaitandsays:ifthecityisbrokenwouldjustdie.TheJadecanbebroken,butthisdoesnotchangeitswhite.Thebamboocanbeconsumed,butitdoesnotdestroyitssection.AlthoughMybodyisdead,Thereputationcancirculatedown.ItshowsthatGuan

11、yustheheroismofpayingattentiontothegreat-hearted.AlthoughAchillestemperamentofheromoredisplaysinitspersonalhonor,thesameheroismstilldeserveourrespect.IntheTrojanwar,whenAgamemnonclaimstorobhisbelovedfemaleslave,heangrilysays:Idontwanttoletpeopledespiseandstayhereforyoutoincreasewealth.Hepubliclyrebu

12、kesAgamemnonthatharmsotherstobenefitoneselfandrefusetofight.Obviously,hesnotforfinanceandslavesbutforhisheroicalhonor.Buttheunbendingheroismalsostillletusappreciates.Sincethesixdynastiesbegan,Guanyuwasworshipedbydifferentgenerationsofpeopleconstantly.Afterthethreekingdoms,Guanyuwasmodeledintoasuprem

13、egodwhomeltsConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.Buttheguanyuisreallynotgod,heisonlyalegendaryhero.Theherosmostprominentcharacterisjusticeandbrave.Thebraveisneedlesstosay,fightlvbu,killhuaxioangandattendabanquetwithasingle-tool.Allwithoutexceptionshowsthatheisheroicandinvincible.Asfortherighteousness,thea

14、uthorspendsanamountofinkcraftingelaborately.Here,therearetwocriticalplots,TheoneisguanyoudsurrenderanotheristhatGunnyreleasescacaoinhearingway.Butsurrenderingcacaodoesforgetitsresource,heisarighteousmanintheworld.Althoughfromtheoverallsituationfreeingcooisinappropriate,Ithighlightsguanyousrighteousn

15、ess.Inaddition,guanyuhasobviousflawsofcharacter.Heisself-willedandhekeepsthetailfromwaggingthedog.Heisabsentwithoutleave,andheforcesMacaotofight.Inaddition,heunderestimatestheenemysothatheloststhejingzhouandsoon.Inconclusion,wecanseethatguanyusextremecontradictionsofinherentcharacter,butalsobecauseo

16、fthis,itjustletsusknowatruehero.Achillesimagedoesnotlikeotherdeitieswhoareshapedtheabstractionofthesacredness,butitspecificallyreflectsitsimageofthecontradictionsandcomplex.Achillesisacompleteandrichman.Hischaracteriscomplex,emotionalandheloveshismother,respectsfortheelderly,andprotectstheweak.WhenH

17、ectorsoldfatherwithagiftappealstoallowhimtotakebackthecorpseofhisson,hegentlelyloosenshishandswhichcuddlehiskneesandtearswiththeoldfathertogetherandsoothetheoldmantoaccepthisownmisfortuneAchillestearsnotonlyhavethesympathyfortheold,butalsohavethememoriesforhisfatherandfriends.Later,AchillesputHector

18、scorpsereturnhisfather,andannouncethatstopsiegeintwelvedays.ThismakesHectorbeburiedinwholeritual.Heconsoleshisenemiessincerelyandopenlyandencouragethemtobestrongenoughandenduremiseryandsadness.Thispracticeisnotfortheenemysmercy,butforhimselfandbigsympathyforthewholehuman.Hisgoodnaturewasshowedbythis

19、situationandthisalsoappearsthecharactersofdemi-godstohavemorehumancharacteristics.Collectivismheroviewwasformedduringtheperiodofsavagetocivilizationinhumansocietystepbystep,andfinallybecamespiritualvalueswithcollectiveconsciousness.Itbelongstothevaluejudgmentinideology.ItestablishesSpecificfiguresth

20、osewhohastheLofty,solemnandstirring,defiantandenterprisingcharacterasexampleinsocialgroups.Thepurposeintopromotethissocialgroupsforthemostperfect,themostnoble,mostrepresentoverallinterestsambitioustargetsinaparticularperiod,Andtocall,encouragingandincentivesocialallmenmimicthecharacter,inordertoachi

21、eveorcompletethecausetheultimategoal.ConfucianculturespreadfarinChina,whichhasbeenquietlyaffectthegenerationsofChinesepeopleforthousandsofyears.Confucianism,whichprofoundthoughtsofmoderationisitsessenee,Thedoctrineofthemeankeyliesintheriteandbenevolenee,Namely,behaveproperlyandmakebelieffirmlyinallt

22、hings.Ithasthreeprinciples,firstly,self-supervisionandself-taught,secondly,loyaltyandtoleranee,thirdly,themostsincereandthemostlove.SincetheHandynasty,Confucian,becomingthenationalorthodoxideologyandpeoplesbehaviormodel,hasbeenusingbymanyrulersandflourishedineverydynasty.Therefore,inthisideologicala

23、ndculturalbackground,peoplespsychologicalwasaffectednaturedly,butpsychologicaldominatebehavior.So,theherowhocreatedbytheparticularculturalenvironment,alsogettherecognitionbypeople.IntensivereadingofTheThreeKingdoms,wecanfindthatthecharactersofallshowsthattheConfucianplotthoughtsofmoderation.Forexamp

24、le,emperorDingofJinasksinanalects,Emperorcommandministerandministerserveemperor,Whatshestory?Confuciussays,Emperorcommandministerwithmanners,ministerserveemperorwithhonest.RememberingLibelthreeattendtothatchedhutwithhonestcompletely,KongMinggiveonesalltillonesheartstopsbeatingasreturn,HeseizedPenghu

25、seventimesandreleasedseventimesinSouthernbarrenland,andwentouttobattlefromImountainsixtimes.Heknewhecannotdobutdo,justwhatiscalledAgentlemanisreadytodieforhisbosomfriends.Moreover,fromthegeographicalenvironmentAngle,ThebirthplaceofOrientalcultureisChinasYellowRiverbasin,wherelandisfertileandterraini

26、sflat.Theclimateisverywell,Suitablefordevelopingagriculturalproduction,Soagriculturaltechnologyadvaneedanddeveloped.Agriculturalproductionprocessiscomplicated,needtocooperate,emphasizingharmony,andevolvedthecollectiveheroism”whichemphasizethecollectivewisdom.HuntinginFustianforexample,Caocoocontrols

27、thepoliticalsituationusingemperorgovernors,Hefearedeverybodydefiedhim,soduringthehuntingheGrabbedlimelightfromtheemperorXianinordertotestwhetherministerswerefaithfultohim.Whileeveryoneweregrindingtheirteeth,GuanYupulledouthisswordandwanttokillcaocao,butLiuBeiblockedhisaction.GuanYuaskedLiuBei,Caocaw

28、asbullyingtheemperor,Iwanttokillhimforthekingdom,whydidelderbrotherstopme?LiuBeisaid,Glasshouseshouldnotthrowstones.Caocaoandtheemperorstooclose,heissurroundedbyalotofhelp.Ifyoudelaytheproperbusiness,andhurttheemperorjustbecauseagreatanger,wearealsoguilty.thusitcanbeseen,LiuBeiwhocanrecognizethesitu

29、ationforthebigpicture,waitingforanopportunityforanothermeaningfulplan,isawiseman.Thisistypicalofcollectivismheroview.Personalheroismmeansapersonwhoaredivorcedfromthemasses,believedpersonalpowerverymuchandtoperformcertainsocialmissionusingheroismthoughtandbehavior.Seeingindividualismfortheprinciple,i

30、texaggeratedordiscomfortlocalemphasisonindividualinsociallifeandtheroleofhistoricalactivities,denyingpeoplespowerandwisdom.Itshowsthatundeservedreputation,self-righteousness,pridedhimselfonallasthecharacteristic.Firstofall,fromgeographicalfactorsspeaking,westerncultureoriginatedinancientGreece,where

31、islocatedintheEuropeanBalkanandtheAegeanSeaareas.Thelandareaisnarrow,themountainisnumerous,Mediterraneanclimateisgivenprioritytoalltypeofclimate,soitisnotsuitablefordevelopingagriculturalproductionandtheproductivityisnothigh.thepeopleinthisarealiveonhunting.theseindustrycanverygoodoutstandingpersona

32、lpower.Thosepeoplewhoarebraveandstrongwillcapturemorepreywhithindividualeffort,Sopersonalheroismwasborn.Moreover,fromtheculturalaspectslook,ancientGreekculturemainlycomesfromtheGreekmyth,ButtheGreekmythologylackofaunifiedofmoralcriteria.instead,Theyuseperfectratherthanthequalityastheevaluationstanda

33、rdofthings.Therefore,westernersarerarelyprim,thishelpstheircharacterespeciallycreativedevelopment.Butalsobecauseofthis,Theyaretoopursuitofmaterialinterestsandsensorystimulationwithouttheethicalbondage,thuspersonaldesireswillunlimitedexpansion,AgamemnoninvadedothercountrieswithoutscrupleintheworkofTr

34、oyreflectedthatverywell.IllustratedbytheexampleofthebattlebetweentheGreeceandthe沙斯里.Bothsidesdidnotlaunchthelarge-scalekillingbetweenarmylikewhatChinadid.Achillesand巴古力斯tobattleonbehalfofthetwocountries.Winorlosetosetthecountrywithpersonalsuccessorfailure.EventuallyAchillesprevailed,沙斯里fellatfeet.Th

35、isistypicalofpersonalattention-seekingbehavior.Asisalreadymentioned,guanyutakespartinthearmybecauseofhisloyaltyforcountry,andthebeliefofbuildinggreatcareer.Heparticipateinthewarforyearswithliubei,meanwhile,thoughtheyarebusyrunningaboutanddependingonothersforlivingandfrustration.Healwaysabidesbytheoa

36、thofServingmycountryandmakingthepeoplestable,andheneverforgetstheoath.Forexample,whenheheardthetrackofliubei,heresolutelylosestheprintandrunstothehan.Suchbehaviorisincountryssenseofhonor.WecansaythatGuanyusgreat-heartedhasaninflueneeonhislatergreatcareerandreputation.Guanyuiscalledthesaint,andheisth

37、echiefoffiveadmirals,sohisvalorousdegreeneedsnottosay.Owningtohiswonderfullitrarygraceandwarlikeexploits,thelatergenerationsbecomesmorerespectfulforhim.Withthefloodingsevenarmyasanexample,afterliubeiisnamedqueen,heordersGuanyutoattackthexiangyangandfancheng.Caocaoletstheyujinbeamarshalandpangdebeapi

38、oneer,bothofthemleadsevenarmiestoattackenemies.Pangdeisgoodatwar,Guanyuisalmosydefeatedbyhim.Yujinenviespangedandwithdrawsthetroopsbyblowinggongs.Guanyucomesbacktothecampandlookatthebookofwarandpositionofenemesatnight.Hetakesadvantagesofthefreshetinxiangjiangriver,floodingthesevenarmiesbyswitchingof

39、fandcatchingtheyujinandpangde.Wecansaythatfloodingthesevenarmiesisthebestreflectsofwonderfullibrarygraceandwarlikeexploits.ThetwopointsdisplaychieflySurrendeCaoandreleaseCao,withthesurrenderingcaoasanexample,althoughGuanyusurrendersCaocao,heappointsthreethingswithcaoaobeforesurrenderinghim:heonlysur

40、rendershanemperor,notsurrendercaocao;SettleTwosister-in-law;Ifheknowsthetrackofliu,immediatelyhewillfindhim.Fromthatwecanseealthoughguanyuisinthecamp,hismindisinthehan.Later,inordertoretainguanyu,caocaofetesguanyueverythreeorfivedays,giveshimgoldandsilverandbeautifulgirls,againgivehimelitehousesandg

41、reattitle.Butevenifsuchtreatment,caocaocannotstillretainguanyu.Whenheknowsthetrackofliubei,heabandonseverything,passfiveobstaclesandkillsixmilitaries.Fromthis,wecanseethathisheroismofloyaltyandgreat-hearted.Beforefreeingcaocaoinhuarongway,guanyuhadmadethepledge.Asaseasonedveteran,heknowsthatconseque

42、ncesofdefyingpledge,butcaocaosays:Doyourememberpassingfiveobstacles,thismakesguanyuthinkhispreviousgrace.Forexample,caocaogivesarobeonthebridge,messengerssendmessages,ZhangLiaosendstheinstructionandsoon.Ifcaocaoisnottolerant,guanyuisdifficulttopassthroughsomanyhurdles.Thinkingaboutit,guanyuletsthemg

43、o.Generationsofpeoplenotonlyblamehim,butalsotheypraiseguanyuthathepaysattentiontothegreat-heartedandrepaygrace.Peopletakethereleaseofcaocaoasagoodthing.Losingjingzhouduetocarelessnessisavividportraiture.Thoughhebuildssomanymerits,andbecomesthefamousgeneral,healsobecomesarrogantanddefiant.Becauseofth

44、is,heforgetszhugeliangswordsthatthestrategyofrejectingcaocaointhenorthandunitingsunquanintheeast.Itmakeshimselfintothedangerwhicharethreatenedfrombothquarters.Hereadilybelievesluxunswordswhichisfalseandadulateandunderestimatesthepowerofdongwu.Herashlytakesawaysomanydefendersinjingzhousothatlvmengand

45、luxungetsanopportunity.Untiltheend,healsodontlistentotheopinionsofothers,andrejectWingfuscorrectadvice.Whenhesallies,hedoesnotlistentotheWangFuswarningofhavingtheambushintheway,andsay:althoughthereistheambush,Iamnotafraid!EventuallyhewascapturedandKilledbyenemies.Sowecansaythathewaspushedtheendingof

46、tragedybytheself-importantcharacterandbecomeafailinghero.ThoughAchillesisahero,healsohasweaknesses.Forexample,whenAgamemnonwantstooccupythebeautifulcaptivewhowascapturedbyAchilles,hepubliclyrebukesAgamemnonwhoharmsotherstobenefitoneselfandrefusestofight.ThebehaviourwhichheblamesAgamemnoniscorrect,bu

47、tbutstubbornwarisinappropriatebehavior.Becouseasthechiefcommander,hisleadrolefortroopsandmoraleboostcannotbereplacedbyothers.IntheGreekarmy,itreallycantfindthegeneralwhocanopposeHector.Soifhedoesnotleadsoldierstochargeforward,thesoldierswillbelikeagroupofsoullessstragglers.whilehistrucealsobringsalo

48、tofinevitablelosses,eventuallyledtosacrificeofPatoroklos.Atthistime,heonlythinksofhispersonalinterests,hisreputationandwomen,andforgetsthelifeoftheotherinnocentsoldierisalsoimportant,Becouseofthemomentaryanger,hiswaywardtruceleadsthedisastrousdefeatofGreekmilitary.Asthemaincharacterofepicworkintheth

49、emeofwar,theymustreflectthennationalspirit.Epiccharactersoftenshowthefullpowerofthenationbytheirownpersonality,andthemajorheroicimageisjustliveandreal.PersonalityofAchillesisthecharacteroftypicalnationalspirit.Hewantstocryandcry,wantstosmileandsmile,wantstomurderandmurder,wantstosleepandsleep.Heisaundisguisedpersonandhisbodyandsoularebare.Evenheiscruel,buthealsoissomewhatfrankandcherubic.Heisbold,unrestrainedandrestless.Helovesadventuresandadvocatesofforce.HeobviouslyshowstheGreekpursuitforfreedomandheroismofadvocatingforce.AlthoughAchillesisamythicalfigure,butthe