加拿大奶牛肉牛偽狂犬

1、偽狂犬Rabies Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理 Cause & Pathogenesis彈狀病毒世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生Rhabdovirus - worldwide OIE B類OIE Notifiable Disease List B危害公共健康可傳染給人Public Health Hazard contagious to humans是發(fā)生在恒溫動(dòng)物的一種高致病性神經(jīng)疾病Highly fatal neurological disease of warm-blooded animals儲(chǔ)蓄宿主是貓

2、，狗，狐，浣熊，臭鼬Reservoirs are bats, dogs, foxes, raccoons & skunks通過咬傷傳播病毒存在于唾液中Transmitted by bites virus in saliva傳遞到CNS通過外周神經(jīng)到唾液腺Spread to CNS along peripheral nerves then to salivary glands發(fā)展快速，致命Progressive & rapidly fatal潛伏期從3周到3個(gè)月，取決于咬傷的部位Incubation period is 3 weeks to 3 months depending on site

3、of bite危險(xiǎn)因素Risk Factors儲(chǔ)蓄宿主種群的存在Presence of reservoir species臨床癥狀Clinical Findings最初癥狀表現(xiàn)為行為異常First signs exhibited are changes in behavior緊張，或者有流涎Straining and may or may not salivate漸進(jìn)性跛行，運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào)，后軀輕癱Progressive lameness, ataxia and posterior paresis兩種型可交叉Two forms that may overlap 興奮型Furious form表現(xiàn)過度

4、敏感、機(jī)警Alert hypersensitive expression肌肉震顫，脹氣和里急后重（緊張）Muscle tremors, bloat and tenesmus (straining)具攻擊性，吼叫，撲咬和狂亂Aggressive, bellowing, belligerent & running frantically瘙癢Pruritic 異常性行為Abnormal sexual activity發(fā)展成臥地不起，1-4天內(nèi)死亡Become recumbent and die in 1-4 days癱瘓/啞型Paralytic/dumb form在牛常見Common in catt

5、le嚴(yán)重精神沉郁Severe depression扣打距毛，運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào)，尾偏斜和尾可能松垂Knuckling at fetlocks, ataxia, tail deviation and tail may be flaccid 大量流涎，不能吞咽喉麻痹Profuse salivation and unable to swallow - laryngeal paralysis后軀輕癱，脫肛，步履蹣跚，臥地不起Posterior paresis, loss of anal tone, staggering & recumbency四肢松軟、輕癱Flaccid tetra paresis 從臨床癥狀

6、開始7天內(nèi)死亡Die within 7 days from start of clinical signs診斷Diagnosis臨床癥狀，如果可疑，報(bào)告權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)做熒光抗體試驗(yàn)Clinical signs and if suspect, notify the authorities Fluorescent antibody test鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis鉛中毒Lead poisoning低鎂血癥搐搦（泌乳搐搦癥）Hypomagnesaemia Tetany (Lactation Tetany)神經(jīng)性酮病Nervous ketosis窒息或異物阻塞Choke or f

7、oreign body腦灰質(zhì)軟化Polioencephalomalacia神經(jīng)性球蟲病Nervous Coccidiosis維生素A缺乏Vitamin A deficiency李氏桿菌病Listeriosis 脊髓受傷/滲透Spinal cord injury/infiltration傳染性血栓栓塞性腦灰質(zhì)軟化Infectious thromboembolic encephalomalacia 實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology腦內(nèi)有病毒存在熒光抗體試驗(yàn)（FAT）Presence of virus in brain - Fluorescent antibody test (FAT)治療Treatment隔離可疑動(dòng)物Keep suspected animals in isolation避免對(duì)可疑病例進(jìn)行口腔檢查Avoid oral examination of suspects預(yù)后情況Prognosis不良如果有臨床癥狀，致命Poor fatal if clinical signs后遺癥Sequelae接觸的動(dòng)物必須持續(xù)6個(gè)月的檢疫Contact animals must be kept in quarantine for six months如果發(fā)現(xiàn)，人必須接種疫苗Humans must be vaccinated if exposed預(yù)防Prev