綜合布線概念的知識

1、什么是綜合布線什么是綜合布線一種樓宇的弱電設(shè)備線纜連接系統(tǒng)使用統(tǒng)一的連接線纜和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)將各種樓宇弱電設(shè)備和用戶設(shè)備連接起來電信進(jìn)線交換機(jī)電話電信進(jìn)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備計(jì)算機(jī)傳感器樓宇控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)樓宇設(shè)備 傳統(tǒng)的布線系統(tǒng)電話：1,2對雙絞線，RJ-11/接線盒，分線箱以太網(wǎng)：50同軸電纜，AUI/BNC接頭RS-232串行通信：多芯電纜，D25/D9接口電視/視頻傳送：75同軸電纜，RCA/BNC接頭計(jì)算機(jī)/網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊：各種同軸、雙同軸電纜 屏蔽、非屏蔽多芯電纜 :用戶對布線的要求用戶的設(shè)備應(yīng)可方便地改變位置(遷移)用戶可方便地增加新的設(shè)備(增加)用戶可在一個通訊口上使用多種種設(shè)備 (改變)以上3種用戶對

2、綜合布線的需求一般簡稱為 MAC (Move,Add,Change)傳統(tǒng)布線的問題不同的線纜、接口多種維護(hù)手段、工具將來發(fā)展的預(yù)留每個系統(tǒng)都要預(yù)留弱電豎井多個系統(tǒng)并用，管理困難孤立發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)多個系統(tǒng)間相互干擾難以應(yīng)付需求的變化遷移、增加、改變綜合布線的基本思想用一種銅纜支持所有的系統(tǒng)UTP4對8芯非屏蔽雙絞線用一種接口支持所有的系統(tǒng)RJ-45 + 各種應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)適配器用光纜來加強(qiáng)銅纜的性能綜合布線系統(tǒng)用綜合布線連接各種應(yīng)用Point to PointPoint to MultipointUser to UserWorkstation/PC/Terminal to Host ControllerT

3、elephone to PBX SwitchBuilding Management Systems to Control RoomVideo Source to Video Receiver 綜合布線的一些元器件線纜配線架跳插線端接模塊水平線(硬線)跳插線(軟線)端接模塊模塊安裝面板綜合布線的構(gòu)成綜合布線由外部電纜進(jìn)入大樓開始可分成的六個部分工作區(qū)(WA)水平布線(Horizental Cabling/Distribution)通訊間(TR)主干布線(Backbone Cabling)設(shè)備間(ER)進(jìn)線設(shè)施(EF)綜合布線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)90 米5米語音數(shù)據(jù)500/1700/2700 米通訊室/T

4、R工作區(qū)插座銅質(zhì)水平布線光纖主干語音主干建筑 1建筑 2XXXXX最低用Cat 5e建議用Cat 5e300 米可選的CPCat 5e 4對、大對數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)主干 90米設(shè)備室/ER語音/多模/單模光纖進(jìn)線設(shè)施/EF工作區(qū)水平布線HorizontalCableTelecommunications RoomTelecommunicationsOutlet (TO)/Information Outlet (IO)TO/IOTO/IOTO/IO最常見水平信道(通道)的構(gòu)成信道墻面插口工作區(qū)連接線配線架集中點(diǎn)跳線設(shè)備連接線水平線纜永久鏈路Hub/SwitchTelephone主干主干布線SleeveBack

5、bone Riser Cable設(shè)備間/通訊間EquipmentCableDuctsSystemCommonEquipmentConnecting HardwareRiser BackboneCablesSystem-CommonEquipment CablingRiser BackboneCables 進(jìn)線設(shè)施CableEntranceSplice CaseProtector UnitConnecting HardwareRiser Backbone Cables綜合布線系統(tǒng)的工作方式將線纜分為需要固定的線纜(水平線/主干線-硬線)和可活動線纜(跳線-軟線)硬線注重傳輸性能，不耐彎曲軟線耐彎

6、曲，但傳輸性能不如硬線用連接器(配線架/插座)連接固定線纜和活動線纜敷設(shè)好固定線纜后把線纜接到配線架和插座上叫端接線纜端接固定線纜以保證其不彎曲或活動用活動線纜把設(shè)備和配線架上的固定線纜連接起來叫做跳線綜合布線系統(tǒng)的工作方式信道墻面插口工作區(qū)連接線配線架集中點(diǎn)跳線設(shè)備連接線水平線纜永久鏈路Hub/SwitchTelephonePBX主干綜合布線系統(tǒng)的工作方式信道墻面插口工作區(qū)連接線配線架集中點(diǎn)跳線設(shè)備連接線水平線纜永久鏈路TelephonePBX主干Hub/SwitchUTP 的傳輸方式雙絞線采用平衡傳輸?shù)姆绞剑哂锌垢蓴_和輻射小的特點(diǎn)UTP 布線的優(yōu)勢與特點(diǎn)價格便宜適中比屏蔽線纜要細(xì)小、輕便

7、需要的穿線管規(guī)格要小安裝施工(穿線、端接等)更簡單方便無需接地降低了可能的布線故障率支持常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸協(xié)議UTP 與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全非屏蔽不是問題UTP 符合輻射限制要求IEC CISPR 22 及 FCC Class A 和 Class B混凝土內(nèi)鋼筋可提供達(dá)20dB的屏蔽作用依據(jù) IEC 61000-5-6 (1999)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸編碼時的擾碼擴(kuò)散頻譜，更難和其他噪音區(qū)分其他的設(shè)備輻射更加容易截獲顯示器，Modem，RS232線纜等顯示器信號有可能在1km處截獲其他的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題遠(yuǎn)超過 UTP內(nèi)部人員泄密，黑客等綜合布線與網(wǎng)絡(luò)布線相關(guān)的問題占網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題的 70%以上布線的投資占 IT 系統(tǒng)總投資的 5%

8、選擇一個優(yōu)秀的布線系統(tǒng)將解決此問題綜合布線與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的區(qū)別單一用途的布線僅需考慮連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)沒有統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)往往是直接連接設(shè)備很大的隨意性連接可靠性沒有保障自己購買、制作插頭，無質(zhì)量控制硬線當(dāng)軟線使用，影響插頭連接可靠性和線纜的使用長久性多種用途的布線不僅是網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)跳線、通訊插口、水平布線、配線架，主干保證長時間的連接可靠性工廠設(shè)計(jì)、制造的跳線，有嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量控制體系各種元器件完善地匹配，保障整體性能網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接綜合布線布線系統(tǒng)的分類類別 帶寬(MHz)傳輸率(bps) 代表線纜 常用線對Cat 31610MDIW2Cat 42016MBDN2Cat 5100155MNOR52Cat 5eP

9、S1001200M1583A4Cat 6PS2002400M2412/7814A4Cat 6+PS3004800M48124Cat 6APS50010G10GX124綜合布線的一些限定水平線長度=90M, 軟線長度=10M水平信道 =100M樓內(nèi)主干長度 =300M樓間主干長度=1700M(多模光纖)數(shù)據(jù)(網(wǎng)絡(luò))傳輸距離=100M語音傳輸距離=800M布線設(shè)計(jì)需注意的事項(xiàng)保持線纜/端口的通用性一般不要復(fù)用線纜/端口遵從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求遵守前面的長度/距離要求保證支持各種的應(yīng)用按照較長的布線壽命設(shè)計(jì)一般的布線壽命在10年以上考慮布線在其壽命期內(nèi)所有可能發(fā)生的需求支持的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)應(yīng)符合綜合布線的特點(diǎn)一些應(yīng)

10、用系統(tǒng)采用傳統(tǒng)布線有更好的性價比綜合布線對突發(fā)的需求支持較好Ethernet Cabling Solutions- Enterprise vs Plant FloorTIA Cabling StandardsCategory 5eANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2, Commercial Building Telecommunications StandardPart 2: Balanced Twisted pair Cabling Components, 2001Category 6ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1, Commercial Building Telecomm

11、unications Standard Part2: Addendum 1: Transmission Performance Specifications for 4 Pair 100 Ohm category 6 cabling, 2002Category 6AANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10, Commercial Building Telecommunications StandardPart 2: Addendum 10: Transmission Performance Specifications for 4 Pair 100 Ohm Augmented Categ

12、ory 6 Cabling, pending publicationISO Cabling StandardsClass DISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed., Information technology - Generic Cabling for Customer Premises, 2002Class EISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed., Information technology - Generic Cabling for Customer Premises, 2002Class EAAmendment 1 to ISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed.,

13、Information technology - Generic Cabling for Customer Premises, pending publicationClass FISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed., Information technology - Generic Cabling for Customer Premises, 2002Class FAAmendment 1 to ISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed., Information technology - Generic Cabling for Customer Premises, pending

14、 publicationTIA / ISO Cabling StandardsCabling Performance StandardsIndustry Standards Performance Comparison at 100 MHz for ChannelsCategory 5e Class DCategory 6 Class ECategory 6A Class EAClass FClass FAFreq Range (MHz)1 - 1001 - 2501 - 5001 - 6001 - 1,000Insertion Loss (dB)2421.3 (21.7)20.920.820

15、.3NEXT Loss (dB)30.139.939.962.965PSNEXT Loss (dB)27.137.137.159.962ACR (dB)6.118.618.642.146.1PSACR (dB)3.115.815.839.141.7ACRF1) (dB)17.423.323.3 (25.5)44.447.4PSACRF2) (dB)14.420.320.3 (22.5)41.444.4Return Loss (dB)1012121212PSANEXT Loss n/sn/s60n/s67PSAACRF (dB)n/sn/s37n/s52TCL (dB)n/sn/s20.320.

16、320.3ELTCTL (dB)n/sn/s0.5 (0) 3)00Prop Delay (ns)548548548548548Delay Skew (ns)5050503030Unbonded-PairBonded-PairA cables ability to perform electrically at the same level of high performance whether “on-the-reel” or installed in the wall is called.“Installable Performance”Enterprise vs Plant Floor-

17、 Bonded-PairsLoss ofConductor-to-ConductorCentricityPS5E version (shown) used in 1200 system enhanced Cat 5ePS6+ version used in 2400/4800LX systems, up to 300 MHz enhanced Cat 6110-style termination Termination Bar (PS6+) version gives:Total termination stabilityPair lie remains unchanged regardles

18、s of cable rotationEliminates variability due to installer techniquePS5E GigaFlex Outlet (with modular cord)Cat. Pg. 15.25-26Enterprise vs Plant Floor - OfficeRCASVHSSVGAPre-moldedWide/angledStandard UTPSleek appearanceSingle and double-gang versions“Kits” available plates, labels, inserts, blanksPr

19、e-molded UTP bezelsEmpty UTP insertsWide/angled insertsMultimedia insertsStainless steelStainless steel versionsCat. Pg. 15.28-30, 34Enterprise vs Plant Floor- OfficeDensities to 120-port12-port modular blocks comprise core Cat 5e IBDN System 1200 performance (160 MHz)Cat. Pg. 15.23Enterprise vs Pla

20、nt Floor- Office (Factory w/enclosure)Densities to 6U 144-portAccepts EZ-MDVO or GigaFlex jacks, multimedia, or fiber insertsGigaFlex Jacks provide from 160 to 300 MHz performanceIntegrated rear cable-management bar (not shown)Cat. Pg. 15.23Enterprise vs Plant Floor- Office (Factory w/enclosure)Ente

21、rprise vs Plant Floor- Factory Mission Critical Applications Demand High Performance Solutions Belden manufactures a broad selection of industrial Ethernet cabling solutions Belden industrial Ethernet connectivity solutions being developed. IP67 rated RJ-45 patch cords, connectors and faceplates to

22、be introduced in August 2007 Enterprise vs Plant FloorFactory - Industrial Ethernet Cable Selection GuideEnterprise vs Plant Floor- Fiber Optic CableCable Portfolio & CapabilitiesWidest Range of Constructions Tight Buffer & Loose Tube1 288 Fiber CountsMultimode & Single-modeGlass Utilized (Corning;

23、OFS; Others)Highest PerformanceLaser OptimizedRiser; Plenum; LSZHIndoor/Outdoor Riser & Plenum Interlocked ArmorTray Rated (IEEE-383 / OFNR)TacticalComposite & HybridsEnterprise vs Plant Floor- ConnectivityPatch cordsHybrid (copper and/or fiber) connectivityWall-mount fiber connectivityRack-mount fiber connectivity“Plug-and-go” fiber connectivity & cablesOptimax field-installable connectorsSecure / Keyed LC connectivityFiberExpress ManagerNo polishing required saves installation time and the cost of polishing paperN