英語詞匯學(xué)自考題-24

1、英語詞匯學(xué)自考題-24（總分：92.01 ,做題時間：90分鐘）一、B I ./B（ 總題數(shù)：7,分?jǐn)?shù)：14.00） I.Associative meaning is not affected by.A.experienceB.cultureC.languageD.education（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）V解析：解析Associative meaning is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, geographical region, class background, educati

2、on, etc .聯(lián)想意義易受文化、經(jīng)歷、宗教、 地域、階級背景、教育等因素的影響。答案為Co2.are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A.PrepositionsB.InterjectionsC.ExclamationsD.Explanations（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）V解析：解析oh（哦），dear me（天哪），alas（唉）這些詞都是表示感情的，是感嘆詞，即 interjections 。 prepositions是介詞； exclamations 是驚嘆詞。答案為

3、 B。3.In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are brought out in A. languageB. contextC. tenseD. education（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VC.D.解析：解析In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are brought out in context.在很多情況下，詞的褒義或貶義會在語境中顯現(xiàn)出來。答案為 R4.Which of the following

4、 statements is not true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.b B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）V解

5、析：解析內(nèi)涵意義是指由概念意義所暗示的言外之意或聯(lián)想意義，A正確。文體意義是指詞的正式程度，B 正確。 Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing inquestion .感情意義顯示了言者對于正在討論的人或事的態(tài)度，C錯誤。答案為C。5.Collocation can affect.A. the meaning of wordsB. the structure of sentencesC. the spelling of wordsD. the function of words（

6、分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）V解析：解析green（綠色）是一種顏色，但當(dāng)其出現(xiàn)于像green on the job（在那項工作上是生手）、greenfruit（未成熟的果實）、green with envy（妒忌得眼睛發(fā)紅）及green-eyed monster（妒忌的魔鬼）等短語中，其意義明顯受到了影響。答案為 Ao6.One is filled with ambition usually works hard. The reactionarys chief ambition is to become the emperor. The affective meanings of the two sen

7、tences individually are:.A.pejorative, appreciativeB.appreciative, pejorativeC.pejorative, pejorativeD.appreciative, appreciative（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）VD.解析：解析題干譯文：“雄心勃勃的人常常工作十分努力?！?“那個反動分子的首要野心是當(dāng)上皇帝。”這兩個句子的情感意義分別是什么？第一句ambition譯為雄心，顯然是褒義；第二句譯為野心，是貶義。答案為Bot is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectiv

8、e meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaning are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） A.B.C.D. V解析：解析It is again noticeable that collocative meaning overlaps with stylistic and affective m

9、eanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.值得注意的是因為某種意義上說文體和感情意義都是通過搭配來揭示的，所以搭配意義與文體意義及感情意義發(fā)生了重疊。答案為D。二、B n./B（總題數(shù)：15,分?jǐn)?shù)：30.00）8.A word is the 1 of form and meaning. （分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案： combination ）解析：解析詞是形式和意義的什么 ?A word is the combina

10、tion of form and meaning.答案為 combination 9.By the form of the word we mean both its 1 and spelling.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案： pronunciation ）解析：解析我們所說的形式是指詞的什么和拼寫？By the form we mean both its pronunciation andmeaning.答案為 pronunciation 。.Reference is the 1 between language and the world.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正

11、確答案：relationship ）解析：解析所指是語言與周圍世界的什么？Reference is the relationship between language and theworld .答案為 relationship 。.The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is 1 and conventional.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：arbitrary ）解析：解析詞對語言以外的事物的指稱是什么樣的和約定俗成的？The reference of a word to a thingoutside th

12、e language is arbitrary and conventional. 答案為 arbitrary 。12.In many cases meaning is used in the sense of 1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：concept ）解析：解析 在許多情況下，意義”在使用中作什么講 ？In many cases meaning is used in the sense of concept .答案為 concept 。.Meaning and concept are closely connected but not（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確

13、答案：identical ）解析：解析意義和概念有緊密的聯(lián)系，但并不怎么樣？Meaning and concept are closely connected butnot identical .答案為 identical 。.The synonymous pair die-pass away has the same 1 but different stylistic values.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：concept ）解析：解析die和pass away表示的概念是相同的，但社會文化和文體有差異。答案為 concept。.The connection of the s

14、ign and meaning does not have a logical explanation. That is to say most words are 1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案：non-motivated ）解析：解析符號和意義之間并沒有邏輯上的理解性。也就是說多數(shù)詞都是什么樣的？Most words can besaid to be non-motivated. That is, the connection of the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanation .答案為 non-motiv

15、ated 。6.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their 1, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds and noises.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案：meanings）解析：解析在現(xiàn)代英語中，人們可能發(fā)現(xiàn)有些詞的聲音暗示了其什么，因為這些詞是通過模仿自然聲音創(chuàng)造出來的。 In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest th

16、eir meanings, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds and noises. 答案為 meanings。. 1 motivation means the words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案：Onomatopoeic）解析：解析通過模擬自然聲音創(chuàng)造詞叫做什么理據(jù)？擬聲理據(jù)是指通過模仿自然聲音創(chuàng)造詞。答案為Onomatopoeic。. 1 motivation refers

17、to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. （分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：Semantic ）解析：解析由詞的概念意義所暗示的聯(lián)系意義叫做什么理據(jù)？Semantic motivation refers to the mentalassociations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 答案為 Semantic。.Functional words such as prepositions, conjunctions, t

18、hough having little lexical meaning, possess strong 1 meaning.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案：grammatical ）解析：解析諸如介詞，連詞等功能詞盡管詞匯意義很弱，但擁有很強的什么意義?Functional words suchas prepositions, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.答案為 grammatical 。.Lexieal meaning has conc

19、eptual meaning and 1 meaning.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項 1: （正確答案：associative ）解析：解析 詞匯意義包括概念意義和什么意義？Lexical meaning has two components: conceptualmeaning and associative meaning 。 答案為 associative 。.Words such as vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious usually indicate the speakers attitude towards the pers

20、on or thing in question. They have 1 meaning in themselves.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：affective ）解析：解析什么意義顯示了言者對于正在討論的人或事的態(tài)度？Affective meaning indicates thespeakers attitude towards the person or thing in question. 答案為 affective 。22.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its 1

21、. （分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項1: （正確答案：collocation ）解析：解析搭配意義由一個詞在其什么中所獲得的聯(lián)想所組成？Collective meaning consists of theassociations a word acquires in its collocation. 答案為 collocation 。三、B ID./B（總題數(shù)：6,分?jǐn)?shù)：24.00）23.motivation（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meani

22、ng.） 解析：24.onomatopoeic motivation（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Onomatopoeic motivation explains the words whose sounds suggest their meaning, becausethese words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.）解析：25.morphological motivation（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Morphological motivation concerns the words whose

23、morphological structures suggest their meaning, for generally speaking, the meaning of a derived word or a compound is based on the meanings of the word-building elements.）解析：26.semantic motivation（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Semantic motivation is the mental associations based on the conceptual meaning of aword

24、, i.e. the figurative sense of a word suggested by the literal sense.）解析：27.grammatical meaning（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of noun

25、s, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms.）解析：28.appreciative（分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00） 正確答案：（The appreciative are words which have positive overtones to show ones appreciation or the attitude of approval.）解析：四、B W ./B（ 總題數(shù)：8,分?jǐn)?shù)：16.00）.What is reference?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00） 正確答案：（Words are but symbols, manyof whic

26、h have meaning only when they have acquired reference.Reference is the relationship between language and the world. In other words only whena connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent does the sign become meaningful. The reference of a word to a thing outside the lan

27、guage is arbitrary and conventional.) 解析：.What is the relationship between meaning and concept?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)正確答案：(Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. They are both related directly to referents and are notions of the words but belong to different categories. Concept, which is be

28、yond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on whereas meaning belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. Therefore, a concept can have as many referring e

29、xpressions as there are languages in the world. Even in the same language, the same concept can be expressed in different words.) 解析：.How do you interpret the four types of motivations?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)正確答案：(Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. There are four

30、 types of motivations: (1)Onomatopoeic motivation: In modern English, there are some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. For example, bow-wow, bang and the like are onomatopoetically motivated words. (2) Morphological mot

31、ivation: Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. Quite often, if one knows the meaning of each morpheme, one can figure out the meaning of the word, e.g. airmailmeans to mailby air. (3)Semantic motivation: It refers

32、to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. For example, when we use the foot of the mountain, we are comparing the lower part of the mountain to the foot of a human being. (4)Etymolo

33、gical motivation. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. All the words commonized from proper nouns can be interpreted in terms of their origins.) 解析：.Does motivation contradict the theory of arbitra

34、riness and conventionality concerning the relationship between linguistic symbols and their senses? Why?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00) 正確答案：(No. Because motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbols and their meaning. But since the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional an

35、darbitrary, words should be non-motivated. Nevertheless, many words are motivated to a certainextent in terms of sound, morphology, semantics, and etymology.)解析：.Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Doyou agree or disagree to this comment? State you

36、r reason(s) with at least three examples. (分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)正確答案：(I agree to this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now in contemporary daily life. Take his well-known play Hamlet as an e

37、xample. Rival means partneras in The rivals of my watch, bid them make hasten; jump means just as in Thus-twice before, and jump at this dead hour; vulgar means common as in as common as any the most vulgar thing to sense; censure means opinion as in Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgement

38、.) 解析：.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00) 正確答案：(Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicatesgrammatial concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense me

39、aning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets(3rd person singular form), forgot(past form), forgotten(present perfect form) andforgetting (progressive form).)解析：.What is affective meaning? What are words with positive or negative emotive values used to denote?

40、(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00) 正確答案：(Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in conversation. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. Words of positive overtones are used to show appreciative or the attitude of approval;those of negative connotations imply disapproval, contempt or criticism.)解析：.What is colloeative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)正確答案：(Collacative meaning