【高考必備】最新高三總復(fù)習(xí)（專題攻略）之日常交際用語大全：高考英語?？嫉臄?shù)詞、代詞及其用法Word版含答案精品原創(chuàng)

1、數(shù)詞分兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞，表示須序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。（一）數(shù)詞數(shù)詞主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，先來看基數(shù)詞的用法：1. 基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或three hundred and forty-five.2. 基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但遇下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):（1）與of 短語連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如scores of people 指許多人;（2）在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里.例如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅?（3）表示幾十歲.（4）表示年代,用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù).（5）在乘法運算的一種表示法里,如

2、Three fives is(are)fifteen.序數(shù)詞的用法：序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first-1st second-2nd thirty-first-31st等。1. 倍數(shù)表示法（1）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(或分數(shù))+ as + adj. + as.例如I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多.（2）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ the size (amount,length) of.例如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍.（3）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+

3、 than.例如:The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%.（4）還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍。例如:The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍.2. 分數(shù)表示法的構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.

4、（二）代詞的用法代詞是用來指代人或事物的詞。代詞可分為下列八類：1. 人稱代詞( Personal Pronouns ) we , I , you , they, us, me, etc.2. 物主代詞( Possessive Pronouns ) our, my ,your, their, his, her, etc.3. 反身代詞(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves, myself, yourselves, yourself , herself , etc.4. 相互代詞( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other ,one another

5、 , etc.5. 指示代詞( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this , that , these , those , such , etc.6. 疑問代詞( Interrogative Pronouns ) what, when, who, where, whose, etc. 7. 關(guān)系代詞( Relative Pronouns) what, when, who, where, whose , etc. 8. 不定代詞( Indefinite Pronouns ) any , some ,every , many , much , a little , etc. （一

6、）人稱代詞人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩種，前者在句子中擔任主語，后者擔任動詞或介詞的賓語。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.1. 人稱代詞的用法（1）當代詞成對地使用或一個代詞與一個名詞搭配使用時，兩個部分的句法功能必須一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.注:人稱代詞的排列一般為：第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱。you, he and I them and u

7、s如有其他代詞時，其他代詞排列于人稱代詞之后，如：he, I and some others（2）人稱代詞用作表語時，如說明主語，一般要用主格，如說明賓語則要用賓格。If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him.2. It的用法（1）用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。Where is the cat? Its in the kitchen. Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?My book is missing. I ca

8、nt find it anywhere.（2）用以代替指示代詞this, that。Whats this? - Its a frog. /Whose pen is that? - Its mine.（3）表示時間，天氣，距離等。A lovely day, isnt it? /Its two oclock. Its about two li from here to our school.（4）用作形式主語，形式賓語，代替不定式短語，動名詞或從句。Its no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get th

9、ere.We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.（5）用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。為了強調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語，賓語或狀語），常用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is (was) + 被強調(diào)成分 + that(或who)。It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the classroom that he told me about it.（二）物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，例：My brot

10、her often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房間里做作業(yè)。The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我們的實驗室。Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。名詞性物主代詞則可以在句中充當主語、賓語、表語。它的意義= 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞；或者說它相當于名詞。例：His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的詞典是英漢的，我的是全英的。W

11、e each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 我們一人買了一本書。你的是關(guān)于管理的，我的是關(guān)于美國歷史的。（三）反身代詞的作用反身代詞在句子中可作賓語：當它作動詞賓語時，動作的執(zhí)行者與承受者往往是同一個人或同一件事物；當它作介詞by的賓語時，則表示強調(diào)。例：The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. 犯人服毒自殺了。He finished the work by himself. 他獨自完成了那件工作。反身代詞

12、在句子中也可作同位語，用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣,強調(diào)某人親自、本人；這時它可能在名詞、代詞之后，也可能在句子末尾。例：The students will clean the classroom themselves. 學(xué)生們將自己打掃教室。I myself heard him say it . 我親耳聽他說的。（四）相互代詞each other ,one another.前者通常指兩者之間的“相互”，后者側(cè)重三者或三者以上的“相互”，也可指兩者之間的“相互”。（五）指示代詞this/these一般用來指時間和空間上較近的人或物；that/those 常指時間和空間上較遠的人或物。進行比較時，t

13、hat可代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞以避免重復(fù)；those 可代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞以免重復(fù)。（六）疑問代詞用于構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容詞特征，可以和名詞連用。What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one?所有疑問代詞都可以起名詞作用，在句子中擔任成分。Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for? Whose are those books?ks5uks5uKs5u在學(xué)習(xí)疑問代詞時，對以下幾組詞注意區(qū)別：ks5uks5

14、uks5uks5uks5uks5u1. which和what兩者均可與名詞連用，就人或物提問。但是which一般用于有一定選擇范圍的情況，what用于無選擇范圍或究竟是什么還不清楚的情況。Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?What colour is her dress?What writers do you like best?2. which和who 兩者都可作代詞，它們的區(qū)別是不管選擇的范圍是大還是小，which一般用作指物。Which would you like to eat -steak or fish?Who

15、 won the game -Smith or Johnson ?當有一定選擇范圍時，which one代替who作賓語.Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?Which of可和人稱代詞或指人的名詞連用,如：ks5uks5uks5uKS5UWhich of you has taken away my English book?3. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起連接作用外，還可以在從句中擔當主語，賓語，定語，表語等成分。如：The qu

16、estion is who can operate the new machine.（引導(dǎo)表語從句-作主語）They asked whose idea this was.（引導(dǎo)賓語從句-作定語）When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.（引導(dǎo)賓語從句-作定語）Ill give my ticket to whoever wants it.（這里whoever可看成anyone who，orthe person who）.（七）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞.關(guān)系代詞有 who, whos

17、e, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞.（八）不定代詞1. all / botha.both用于兩個人或事物，all用于兩個以上的人或事物，均可作主語。All (of us) like fruits.Both (of them) are good at English.b.用作同位語。作主語同位語時須注意它們的位置不同，位于行為動詞之前；位于be動詞之后。They all (或both) agreed with me.They are all (或both) very healthy.I know

18、them all (或both).2. one / it（人稱代詞）one 代替可數(shù)名詞，表示上面所提到的那一類人或物中的一個，其復(fù)數(shù)形式帶定語時用ones，不帶定語時用some。而it則用于指代上文提到的那個表示物的名詞本身，既可指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞也可指不可數(shù)名詞。I dont have a watch but Im going to buy one（或some）.I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.3. no one / noneno one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果說若干人（物）之中一個也不，用none of,后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，

19、謂語可以用復(fù)數(shù)，也可用單數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）None of the money is mine.4. some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）some 類用于肯定句，any類用于否定和疑問句。I know nothing of what had happened to him.I have little rice, so I cant lend you a

20、ny.She is going to buy some new dresses.注:everyone和every one前者意思是每個人，與everybody同義，后面不可跟of短語，后者意思是每個人或物，后面跟of短語。試比較：everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人）every one of the children（這些孩子中的每一個）every one of the books（這些書中的每一本）5. 部分否定與全部否定：當all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整體意義的代詞與否定詞連用時，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部

21、否定，應(yīng)該用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有學(xué)生上課都遲到的。(現(xiàn)代英語中常寫成：Not all the students were late for the class.)None of the students were late for the class.沒有一個學(xué)生上課遲到的。6. 具體地說明幾個在使用代詞時應(yīng)注意的問題（1）指代必須準確無誤我們知道代詞是用來指代人或事物的詞，那么如果在使用代詞時指代不清楚，就會引起他人的誤解、費解

22、、甚至不理解.例如：While carrying the paint can from the garage to the house, Marry was afraid that some of it might spill on her new skirt. 當瑪莉從車庫把油漆罐搬到屋里時，她擔心油漆會濺到她的新裙子上。（2）關(guān)于人稱代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞在使用這三類代詞時，我們要注意它們在句中的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、及性和格的一致性。（3）物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，例：My brother often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房間里

23、做作業(yè)。The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我們的實驗室。Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。名詞性物主代詞則可以在句中充當主語、賓語、表語。它的意義= 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞；或者說它相當于名詞。例：His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的詞典是英漢的，我的是全英的。We each bought a new book. Yours is about management

24、 and mine is about the American history. 我們一人買了一本書。你的是關(guān)于管理的，我的是關(guān)于美國歷史的。（4）不定代詞英文中主要有這樣一些不定代詞：every, each, both, all, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, 另外還有由 some, any, no 和 every 構(gòu)成的合成代詞，如：somebody, anything, nothing等。ks5uks5uks5uKS5U both , either 和

25、neither 這三個詞都可以用來指兩個人或兩件事物，但各自的意義都不相同：both表示兩個都、either表示兩個中的任何一個、 neither表示兩者都不 。它們在句中都分別可以作主語、賓語和定語，both還可以作同位語。 all 在談到兩個以上的人或事物時，或是不可數(shù)的事物時，我們都可以用all ；它在句中可以充當主語、賓語、定語和同位語。另外，all指不可數(shù)的事物時還可以作表語；有時還可作副詞用，例如：This is all he knew about it. （作表語）這就是他了解有關(guān)這件事的一切。They were all covered with dust. （作副詞）他們身上盡

26、是塵土。Her clothes were all wet.（作副詞）她的衣服全濕了。all 還可以用在一些詞組中，如：all day (整天) all night (整夜) all this(所有這些) all the year round (整年) all day long (一天到晚) all the time (一直) each 和 every each和every 這兩個詞在中文里都有每一個的意思，但它們在句子里各自強調(diào)的側(cè)重點卻不同：every 從每一個個體著眼而強調(diào)整體；而each卻是把一些東西一個一個地加以考慮，強調(diào)各個 。every只能作定語；each則可以作主語、賓語、定語和

27、同位語。另外，every可用于ks5u every other (或every +數(shù)詞 ) + 名詞 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示每隔之意思：every other day 每隔一天 every three years 每隔三年every third year 每隔三年 every other line 每隔一行every ten miles每隔十哩 one作不定代詞時有復(fù)數(shù)形式ones ，代替前面剛提到的人或事物以避免重復(fù)，還可以有自己的定語或冠詞；另外還可以用來泛指人，例如：This problem is a difficult one. 這個問題是個不好解決的問題。I dont like colore

28、d envelopes. I like white ones. 我不喜歡花信封，我喜歡白的。This film is not as good as the one we saw last week .這片子沒有我們上周看的好。Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（泛指）謙虛使人進步，驕傲使人落后。 some 與any some 與any都相當于一些之意，但意思并不強，因此漢譯時常可省去一些這樣的字眼。它們作定語時多，這時候some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句。在表示請求、建議、

29、反問或是希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中，常用some而不用any。另外，some可與數(shù)詞連用，表示大約的意思。如：Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school? 你能在去上學(xué)的路上，幫我買幾個信封嗎？Will you give me some paper? 請給我一點紙。Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. 約有百位教師搬進了新居。The bridge was built some two hundred years ago. 這座橋大約建于兩百年前。 few, a few ; little, a little 的用法few和 a few以及 little和 a little 是兩組差異相同詞，但前一組用于可數(shù)名詞，而后一組卻用于不可數(shù)名詞；另外few 與lit