初中主謂一致

1、關(guān)于初中主謂一致第一張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 有關(guān)“主謂一致”的試題，在近幾年的中考英語(yǔ)試題中以多種形式出現(xiàn)。如：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇、單句改錯(cuò)、短文改錯(cuò)、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換、時(shí)態(tài)填空等，題型多樣。不少學(xué)生對(duì)此類試題迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知從何下手。為了使同學(xué)們掌握它，現(xiàn)對(duì)初中英語(yǔ)中“主謂一致的問題歸納總結(jié)如下第二張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則初中課本中最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則是：?jiǎn)蝿t單，復(fù)則復(fù)，即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：I am a teacher. We are teachers. 但要注意：當(dāng)表示

2、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、距離、金錢、度量等詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將其看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two years is quite a long time. Ten dollars is enough.另外，加減乘除也常當(dāng)作整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。例如：Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred. How much is ninety-nine minus sixty-two?第三張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用family, class, team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但

3、若指其成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.第四張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、neither. nor., either.or., not.but.，not only. but also.等連詞連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致（即：就近原則）。例如：Neither he nor I know anything about it. Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the

4、 museum. there be結(jié)構(gòu)也屬于此類。例如：There is a teacher,a desk, a blackboard, some desks and some chairs in the classroom.但要注意：bothand表示和都，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Both his father and mother are doctors.第五張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四、兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)用and連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用 and連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意：a

5、nd連接的兩個(gè)名詞只表示一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：A singer and dancer is coming.一個(gè)歌手兼舞蹈家就要來(lái)了。第六張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五、politics, physics, works（著作）, the United States, news, maths等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用這類形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult for me.但要注意有些名詞，如：people(人；人們), poli

6、ce等則是形式為單數(shù)，意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：People there are very friendly第七張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月六、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用1.something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等復(fù)合不定代詞，以及either, neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one, another,more than one,every等代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

7、詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer. 2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主語(yǔ)，或它們所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. Both of them are in my class. 第八張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月七、with, as well as, like等修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

8、詞的使用單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，且后面有with, as well as, like等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2.Is the woman like you your mother? 3.The instrument as well as other spare parts is going to be airlifted soon. (該儀器以及其它一些備用件不久將空運(yùn)。)第九張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八、動(dòng)詞不定式(或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))，V-ing形式以及名詞性從

9、句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用動(dòng)詞不定式(或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))，V-ing形式以及名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What interests the workers most is better wages and working conditions. (工人們最關(guān)注的是好的工資待遇和工作條件。)第十張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致正誤辨析同學(xué)們?cè)谥髦^一致問題上經(jīng)常會(huì)犯判斷失誤的

10、錯(cuò)誤，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)主謂一致現(xiàn)象的難點(diǎn)歸納如下： 第十一張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)集體名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。誤 The police is searching the city for a thief.正 The police are searching the city for a thief.析 police，people，cattle(牛)等詞雖然形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例2在我國(guó)老人受到很好的照顧。誤 The old is taken good care of in our country.正 The

11、 old are taken good care of in our country.析某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一類人時(shí)，其意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第十二張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況例1紐約時(shí)報(bào)是流行于美國(guó)各地的報(bào)紙。誤 The New York Times are read all over the United States.正 The New York Times is read all over the United S

12、tates.析當(dāng)表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把它們作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例2這條褲子是他哥哥的。誤 This pair of trousers are his brothers.正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.析一些由兩個(gè)相同部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若前面有一條、一副、一把之類的單位名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，不帶單位名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第十三張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用單數(shù)，有時(shí)

13、用復(fù)數(shù)的情況例1他家里人正等著他。誤 His family is waiting for him.正 His family are waiting for him.析有些集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員考慮，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例2我們需要許多食物。誤 Lots of food are needed by us.正 Lots of food is needed by us.析 a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依據(jù)名

14、詞的數(shù)而定。第十四張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四、并列主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的一致的情況例1那位教師兼作家來(lái)參加會(huì)議了。誤 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.析由and連接的兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，指同一人，同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例2每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有受教育的權(quán)利。誤 Every boy and every girl have the right to education.正 Every boy and ev

15、ery girl has the right to education.析由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，若前面有every，each等限定時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。第十五張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月例3那時(shí)，教授帶著許多學(xué)生正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)。誤 The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.正 The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time

16、.析主語(yǔ)后跟有as well as，no less than，rather than, but，besides，except，like，with，along with，together with等介詞(短語(yǔ))時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與介詞(短語(yǔ))前面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)相一致。第十六張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂語(yǔ)一致例1和這些孩子們交談是一件愉快的事。誤 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.析該句是不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示單一概

17、念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例2一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎?誤 Everything are ready，arent they?正 Everything is ready，isnt it?析 everything，something，nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，附加疑問句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和相應(yīng)代詞都只可用單數(shù)形式。不定代詞everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加疑問句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)代詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第十七張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習(xí)1. A woman with a baby_

18、 coming here.A. is B. are 2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.A. has B. have 3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly.A. happens B. happen 4. Many a man_ the story.A. believe B. believes5. One and a half years_ already passed. A. has B. have 6. Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.A. is B. are 第十八張，PPT共二十頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. His family_ watching