英語考研之1992年考研試卷解析

1、1992年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Section Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A，B，Cand D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. _1_ it, astro

2、nauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _2_ of flying into space and returning many times. _3_ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as _4_ as a variety of military hardware. _5_ more significantly, it will _6_ materials and

3、machines into space for industrial purposes _7_ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was _8_ to the vocabulary. In short, the _9_ importance of the shuttle lies in its _10_ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle _11_ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an air

4、plane. _12_, when it has accomplished its _13_, it can be ready for _14_ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the worlds first true spaceship, is a magnificent step _15_ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. A In BOn CBy D With解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞的用法?？崭袼诰渲校琲t指代前一句提到的s

5、pace shuttle。句子大意為：“航天飛機(jī)，宇航員可以實(shí)現(xiàn)地面和太空之間的多次往返”。根據(jù)介詞與space shuttle的搭配，首先排除B。in the space shuttle搭配本身并沒有錯(cuò)誤，但代入句子中，其含義成了：在航天飛機(jī)里，宇航員有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室飛行器。此句顯然不合邏輯，排除A。by 和with都可以表示“通過，用”的意思。但by表示動(dòng)作、行為的方式，如：to pay by cheque用支票付款；to travel by plane乘飛機(jī)旅行。而文章顯然不能說“宇航員獲得實(shí)驗(yàn)室飛行器的方式是（乘坐）航天飛機(jī)”。with除了表示“（為做某事）借助工具或手段”之外，它還可意為h

6、aving or carrying sth有，具有，帶有，如：With your help, I might finish the work ahead of time.有了你的幫助，我也許可以提前完成工作。with帶入文中表示“有了航天飛機(jī)，宇航員就有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室飛行器”，符合邏輯，所以D為最合適選項(xiàng)。2. A capable 有能力的，能夠 B suitable 適合的，適宜的C efficient 效率高的，有能力的D fit（質(zhì)量、素質(zhì)或技能）適合的，合格的解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：固定搭配從語法上看，只有Acapable能夠形成capable of doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Our noses

7、are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. 即使把人類氣味的濃度稀釋到不及原來的百萬分之一，我們的鼻子仍然能夠察覺到它的存在。它代入文中，形容詞短語capable of 做后置定語，修飾名詞a workhouse vehicle，表示“能夠的實(shí)驗(yàn)室飛行器”。suitable和fit一般與for 連用，如：This program is not suitable for children. 這個(gè)節(jié)目?jī)和灰?。It was a meal

8、 fit for a king. 這飯菜夠得上御膳。efficient通常跟at，如：Hes efficient at his job. 他勝任工作。 3. A Served 由提供服務(wù) B Powered 由提供動(dòng)力C Forced 被強(qiáng)迫 D Reinforced 被加強(qiáng)，加固解析此題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：上下文意思+ 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析空格所在部分是過去分詞短語做狀語 by reusable rockets，由于句子的主語是the shuttle，因此空格處填入的過去分詞與主語（即，其邏輯主語）之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。因此該部分的含義是：“航天飛機(jī)被可重復(fù)使用的火箭”。從選項(xiàng)的含義來看，只有powered符合

9、邏輯，表示“可重復(fù)使用的火箭為航天飛機(jī)提供動(dòng)力”。因此B正確。4. A farB wellC muchD long解析本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：句意理解+ 短語含義辨析四個(gè)詞都可以形成asas的結(jié)構(gòu)，僅從語法無法做出選擇。從短語意思來看，as far as 意為“最多”，用來表示所能到達(dá)的最遠(yuǎn)范圍或距離，如：Ill drive you to as far as the theatre. 我最遠(yuǎn)把你載到劇院。as well as意為in addition to“除.也”，如：She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她既是個(gè)攝影師

10、還是個(gè)天才的音樂家。as much as意為“最多”，表示量，如：He doesnt earn as much as I do.他掙的錢不如我多。as long as意為only if“只要”或since“由于”，如：Well go as long as the weather is good. 只要天氣好我們就去。As long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there. 只要對(duì)這些毒品有需求，就存在對(duì)販毒者的經(jīng)濟(jì)誘因。空格所在句大意為：航天飛機(jī)除了

11、運(yùn)送多種軍用設(shè)備外，也要運(yùn)送科學(xué)考察儀器，所以，B為合適選項(xiàng)。5. A Then B OrC ButD So解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)此題的解答需要正確理解空格前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系。上文提出了航天飛機(jī)的作用（攜帶科學(xué)探索設(shè)備、軍事設(shè)備往返于太空），下文仍然指出它的其他作用（把材料和機(jī)器送入太空，以實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)目的）。more significantly說明下文指出的是最重要的作用。所以，此處所用連詞應(yīng)該表示遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有but能夠表示轉(zhuǎn)折遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。正確選項(xiàng)為C。Athen表示順接、追加、或因果關(guān)系，如，F(xiàn)irst cook the onions, then add the mus

12、hrooms. 先炒洋蔥，然后放進(jìn)蘑菇。She s been very busy at work and then there was all that trouble with her son.她工作一直很忙，另外還有兒子的一大堆麻煩事。Why dont you hire a car? Then you ll be able to visit more of the area.你怎么不租輛車，那樣你可以多參觀些地方。Bor連接句子時(shí)表示“如果不，則會(huì)出現(xiàn)（不好的）結(jié)果”，如：Hurry up or youll be late. 快，否則你就要來不及了。Dso表示因果關(guān)系，如：It was s

13、nowing, and so I could not go out.天在下雪，所以我無法外出。6. A supply補(bǔ)給,供給 B introduce 介紹，推出C deliver 運(yùn)送，輸送 D transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：句子內(nèi)部邏輯+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析解此題的關(guān)鍵在于弄清楚航天飛機(jī)（it）、材料和機(jī)器（materials and machines）、和太空 （space）之間的聯(lián)系。顯然，三者之間聯(lián)系應(yīng)為“航天飛機(jī)把材料和機(jī)器送到太空”。 C符合語義。 7. A unimagined 無法想象的 B unsettled 未解決的，未定的C uncovered 被揭露的 D

14、unsolved 未解決的解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：分詞形容詞辨析空格處填入過去分詞形容詞，做后置定語，修飾industrial purposes，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句：(which are) two decades ago。空格所在句旨在說明航天飛機(jī)在工業(yè)方面的巨大作用。A代入后表示“航天飛機(jī)將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的工業(yè)目的在20年前是無法想象的，符合文意，為正確選項(xiàng)。C“20年前被揭露的目的”無法表達(dá)這一含義。其他項(xiàng)與purposes不搭配。 8. A attributedB contributedC appliedD added解析本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析+搭配本題要求考生判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以與介詞to搭配

15、，并符合文義。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以和to 搭配。所以，需要從語義方面考慮。add to意為“添加，增加”，如：Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字寫進(jìn)名單嗎？空格所在句大意為：20年前sputnik（人造衛(wèi)星）作為新詞被添加到原有的詞匯中，所以，Dadd既符合語法，又符合上下文內(nèi)容，為正確選項(xiàng)。Aattribute sth to sth意為“認(rèn)為屬于，把歸因于”，如：Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snowbelt, census officials sa

16、y.人口普查官員說，并非所有這些人口遷移都是為了離開寒冷地帶。B contribute sth to sth意為 “有助于，對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)”，如：Her work has contributed much to our understanding of this difficult subject.她的著作十分有助于我們對(duì)這個(gè)困難問題的了解。Capply sth to sth意為“使用，應(yīng)用”，如：The new technology was applied to farming.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。9. A general 總體的，一般的 B essential 極其重要的，必不可少的C p

17、revailing 流行的，蔓延的 D ultimate 根本的，最高的解析本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：形容詞的詞義辨析及搭配空格所在句是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)，它指出，航天飛機(jī)的重要性在于它能作為經(jīng)濟(jì)工具的。題目要求考生判斷哪個(gè)形容詞能夠importance連用，并符合文意。只有Dultimate可以與importance搭配，表示“最大的作用”。10. A promise （有成功或良好結(jié)果的）希望，前景 B prosperity 繁榮，昌盛C popularity流行，普及 D priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)解析本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：上下文內(nèi)容理解+名詞詞義辨析空格所在句的大意為：航天飛機(jī)的重大作用在于其作為經(jīng)濟(jì)工具的。

18、代入后只有Apromise符合句意，為正確選項(xiàng)。11. A exceptional 例外的 B strange 奇怪的 C unique 獨(dú)特的 D rare稀有的，罕見的解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義詞辨析四個(gè)詞都有“與眾不同”的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。exceptional意為unusual and likely not to happen often，側(cè)重“例外”。strange 側(cè)重“奇怪”。unique 意為very special or unusual，強(qiáng)調(diào)“獨(dú)特”。rare側(cè)重“罕見，稀有”。而文中的“起飛時(shí)像火箭，降落時(shí)似飛機(jī)”顯然是航天飛機(jī)的“獨(dú)特之處”，所以C為正確選項(xiàng)。12. A

19、 Thus 因此，于是 B Whereas 然而，卻 C Nevertheless 盡管如此，還是D Yet 然而本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：邏輯關(guān)系。本題空格處填入連詞，體現(xiàn)本句與前一后之間的邏輯關(guān)系?？梢韵韧瓿?3、14題，使所在句子含義完整后再來做本題。上文提到，航天飛機(jī)的獨(dú)特之處在于它“起飛時(shí)像火箭，降落時(shí)似飛機(jī)”，本句提到，航天飛機(jī)在完成任務(wù)后就可以準(zhǔn)備開始兩周后的旅程。thus表示因果關(guān)系，如：It was already rather late, thus we decide to go home.已經(jīng)相當(dāng)晚了，所以我們決定回家。whereas表示對(duì)比，如：Wise men love tru

20、th, whereas fools shun it.智者熱愛真理，愚者回避真理。nevertheless表示讓步，如：The experiment failed. It was, nevertheless, worth making.試驗(yàn)沒有成功，盡管如此，還是值得做的。yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，如：She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her.她自負(fù)而愚蠢，然而人們喜歡她。根據(jù)文意，A更恰當(dāng)，兩句之間為因果關(guān)系：因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)特點(diǎn)，所以能很快開始新的旅程。13. A venture 冒險(xiǎn)，可能遭受危險(xiǎn)或損失的事業(yè) Bmission 任務(wù)，使命C comm

21、ission委托，托辦之事 D responsibility 責(zé)任本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：近義名詞辨析?？崭袼诰浯笠鉃椋汉教祜w機(jī)在完成后就可以做好準(zhǔn)備開始兩周后的新旅程。用Bmission“任務(wù)”一詞來形容航天飛機(jī)所完成的工作最恰當(dāng)，而且accomplish a mission為常用搭配。14. A newB anotherC certainD subsequent本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn) 可數(shù)名詞和修飾語的搭配本題中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從意義上都可行。但是，語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看，只有Banother可直接接可數(shù)名詞，trip若和其他項(xiàng)的形容詞搭配，可數(shù)名詞trip之前應(yīng)加冠詞，如：a new trip, a certain

22、trip, a subsequent trip。15. A forB byC inD through解析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞的搭配從詞義來看，Afor表示目的，“為了”。Bby和Dthrough表示通過某種方法、手段。Cin+doing表示“在某一方面”。本句大意為：宇宙飛船是在把不可能變?yōu)榭赡苓@一方面邁出的重要的一步。所以，只有C符合上下文意。a big/magnificent step in doing經(jīng)常被用來表示“在方面取得了重大突破”。全文翻譯美國(guó)的航天飛機(jī)是太空實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的關(guān)鍵。有了航天飛機(jī)，宇航員有了可以多次往返于太空和地球之間的實(shí)驗(yàn)室飛行器。由載重65，000磅的可重復(fù)使用的

23、火箭提供動(dòng)力，航天飛機(jī)將攜帶科學(xué)探索設(shè)備，還有各種各樣的軍事設(shè)備往返于太空。更重要的是，它將把一些材料和機(jī)器送入太空，以實(shí)現(xiàn)某些工業(yè)目的，而這些目的在20年前“人造衛(wèi)星”這個(gè)字眼剛剛出現(xiàn)時(shí)還無法想象?？傊?，航天飛機(jī)的重要性在于其作為經(jīng)濟(jì)工具所帶來的美好前景。航天飛機(jī)的獨(dú)特之處在于它起飛時(shí)像火箭，降落時(shí)如飛機(jī)。正因如此，航天飛機(jī)在完成任務(wù)后就可以準(zhǔn)備開始兩周后的旅程。航天飛機(jī)是世界上第一艘真正的宇宙飛船。它是為了人類的生存和利益而變不可能為可能的道路上邁出的輝煌的一步。Part Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages

24、below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Passage 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of

25、modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude

26、and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. (Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.)Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-he

27、aded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to cre

28、ate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical exampl

29、es are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.

30、 The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly in

31、to traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more

32、give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析本文主要講述了交通問題的緣起（司機(jī)的不恰當(dāng)行為）及解決辦法。 第一段為第一部分：司機(jī)缺乏禮貌是馬路問題的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?第二、三段為第二部分：文明駕駛有助于改善交通狀況，但濫用禮貌同樣會(huì)帶來災(zāi)難。 第四段為第三部分：恰當(dāng)?shù)拈_車技巧和相互理解的態(tài)度有助于解決交通問題。 試題具體分析16. According to this passage, troubles on the road are pri

33、marily caused by_.16. 根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容，道路問題的主要原因在于_。A peoples attitude towards the road-hogA 人們對(duì)于魯莽駕駛員的態(tài)度B the rhythm of modern lifeB 現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏C the behavior of the driverC 司機(jī)的行為D traffic conditionsD 交通條件分析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：第一段主旨題。第一段第二句至段末的內(nèi)容指出：好人一旦駕車也可能成為傷人的妖怪；過分大膽的司機(jī)（tiger）會(huì)造成很大的麻煩；鑒于文明駕車的司機(jī)太少的現(xiàn)狀，為了不至于情況完全失控，有必要發(fā)起名為“

34、對(duì)其他司機(jī)好點(diǎn)”的運(yùn)動(dòng)。這說明，形成道路問題的主要原因是司機(jī)的行為。 另外，本文其余部分全部是圍繞“司機(jī)如何正確運(yùn)用禮貌（politeness），以減少道路問題”進(jìn)行討論。所以，C為正確選項(xiàng)。誤選A是因?yàn)闆]有正確理解You might toleraterule，本句旨在說明：文明駕駛的司機(jī)并不常見；而并非說明人們對(duì)于魯莽司機(jī)的態(tài)度。B、 D舍本逐末：文章第一段提到現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏和交通狀況是為了引出道路問題的主要原因司機(jī)的行為。17.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule.”(Para.1) implies that_

35、.17. 第一段的句子You might tolerate the odd road-hog the rule說明_。A our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsA 我們的社會(huì)對(duì)待有禮貌的駕車人有失公平。B rude drivers can be met only occasionallyB 粗魯?shù)乃緳C(jī)很少碰到C the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogC 禮貌的駕車人不能容忍野蠻司機(jī)。D nowadays impolite drivers constitut

36、e the majority of motoristsD 現(xiàn)在不禮貌的司機(jī)占大多數(shù)。分析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：根據(jù)上下文理解句意。本句大意：你可以容忍古怪、粗魯、不體諒人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)今文明駕駛的司機(jī)卻實(shí)屬罕見。exception to the rule 意為“例外”。D 是the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule的改寫，表達(dá)相同的意思，所以為正確選項(xiàng)。B與事實(shí)相反。A、C文中未提及。18. By “good sense”, the writer means_.18. 作者用“good sense”指_。A the drivers

37、 ability to understand and react reasonablyA 司機(jī)理解（他人的行為）并做出合理反應(yīng)的能力B the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsB 司機(jī)對(duì)于困難且嚴(yán)峻的條件做出的迅速反應(yīng)C the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorC 司機(jī)對(duì)于粗魯甚至野蠻的行為的容忍D the drivers acknowledgment of politeness and regulationsD 司機(jī)對(duì)于禮貌和規(guī)則的認(rèn)可分析 本

38、題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：根據(jù)上下文理解短語。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞good sense鎖定第二段第一句。由于該句是段落主題句，所以對(duì)它的理解必然基于對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的把握。本段第一句指出：馬路文明不僅是good manners，還是good sense。下文開始對(duì)good sense進(jìn)行具體闡述。第二句說明如何對(duì)待他人不禮貌的行為：克制住自己不進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)；第三句到段末說明如何對(duì)待他人的禮貌行為：表示理解并做出認(rèn)可的反應(yīng)。所以，A是這兩方面內(nèi)容的概括。C和D都只涉及一個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，不全面，B中“困難且嚴(yán)峻的條件”太籠統(tǒng)，“快速反應(yīng)”在該段也沒有提到。19. Experts have long pointed out th

39、at in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.19. 專家早就指出：面對(duì)汽車擁有者的突增，_。A road users should make more sacrificeA 馬路使用者應(yīng)該做出更多的犧牲B drivers should be ready to yield to each otherB 司機(jī)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備彼此讓步Cdrivers should have more communication among themselvesC 司機(jī)之間應(yīng)該有更多的交流Ddrivers will suffer great loss if they pay no

40、 respect to othersD 司機(jī)之間若不互相尊重，他們會(huì)遭受巨大損失分析：本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞Experts，car-ownership explosion鎖定全文倒數(shù)第二句。對(duì)本題進(jìn)行判斷的主要依據(jù)來自于對(duì)短語give-and-take 的理解?？忌鶕?jù)本合成詞的構(gòu)成很容易猜測(cè)出give-and-take 意為：互相讓步,互相遷就（make mutual concessions），B中的yield to each other即為此意，所以為正確選項(xiàng)。20. In the writers opinion, _.20. 作者認(rèn)為_。Astrict traff

41、ic regulations are badly neededA 急需嚴(yán)格的交通規(guī)則Bdrivers should apply road politeness properlyB 司機(jī)應(yīng)該有適當(dāng)?shù)鸟R路禮貌C rude drivers should be punishedC 野蠻的司機(jī)應(yīng)該受到懲罰D drivers should avoid traffic jamsD 司機(jī)應(yīng)該避免交通阻塞分析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：作者觀點(diǎn)題。理解作者的觀點(diǎn)需要縱觀全文。本文第二段說明司機(jī)應(yīng)該禮貌駕駛并對(duì)同行的禮貌行為做出合理反應(yīng)。第三段說明司機(jī)誤用禮貌(misplaced politeness ) 同樣危險(xiǎn)。所以，

42、本文是從正反兩方面分析了politeness對(duì)減少道路問題的作用。properly對(duì)于作者的觀點(diǎn)最具有概括力，所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。本文并沒有從利用交通法規(guī)減少交通問題方面進(jìn)行討論，所以A非本文論述內(nèi)容。本文也沒有提及對(duì)野蠻司機(jī)的懲罰，所以C非正確選項(xiàng)。文章只在開頭作為馬路問題產(chǎn)生原因之一提及traffic jam，而并沒有提到司機(jī)應(yīng)該避免交通高峰以減少交通問題，所以D非正確選項(xiàng)。長(zhǎng)難句分析A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps tocreate an atmosphe

43、re of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.本句主干為：A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgehelps to create and atmosphere of. 介詞短語in response to politeness 是wave of acknowledgment的后置定語，形容詞短語so necessaryconditions 是an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance的后置定語。譯文：一個(gè)友好的頷首、一個(gè)輕輕的

44、揮手，既表達(dá)了對(duì)對(duì)方禮貌行為的認(rèn)可，又可以形成友好寬容的氛圍，而這種氛圍在當(dāng)前的交通條件下是如此必要。Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into

45、the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.本句主干為：typical examples are the driveror the man，兩個(gè)名詞the driver 和the man之后分別接有定語從句who brakesbe clear anyway和who wavesstop in time做后置定語。第一個(gè)定語從句中嵌套了一個(gè)狀語從句：when a few seconds laterclear anyway；第二個(gè)定語從句中嵌套了另外一個(gè)定語從句thatstop in time，為oncoming

46、vehicles 的后置定語。譯文：典型的事例為：司機(jī)為了讓過從邊路上突然出現(xiàn)的車而采取急剎車，卻對(duì)后面的交通造成了危險(xiǎn)。（而若不出現(xiàn)這種情況），本來只需幾秒鐘的等待，道路就會(huì)暢通無阻；或者，有人會(huì)為一個(gè)穿過斑馬線的孩子讓路，示意其進(jìn)入車輛通道，但隨后駛來的車輛卻無法及時(shí)停車。全文翻譯我們可以譴責(zé)交通阻塞、汽油價(jià)格、以及現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏，但馬路禮貌確實(shí)越來越糟糕。所有的人都知道：即便脾氣最好的人在車?yán)镆矔?huì)變成怪獸。老虎在油箱里還好說，可老虎若坐在駕駛員的位置上就完全是另一回事了。你也許能夠容忍在馬路上橫沖直闖的司機(jī)、粗魯且不體諒人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)今文明駕駛的司機(jī)卻實(shí)屬罕見。(可能這需要發(fā)起一場(chǎng)“對(duì)

47、其他司機(jī)友善”的運(yùn)動(dòng)，否則，情形會(huì)完全失控)。馬路文明不僅是一種禮貌行為，還是一種良好的意識(shí)。司機(jī)需要非常冷靜的頭腦和好脾氣才能在碰到不文明行為時(shí)克制住自己不進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)。另一方面，些許文明行為十分有助于緩解駕車時(shí)的緊張情緒。一個(gè)友好的頷首、感謝對(duì)方禮貌行為的一個(gè)輕輕的揮手有助于形成友好寬容的氛圍，而這在當(dāng)前的交通條件下是非常必要的。但現(xiàn)在，這種對(duì)禮貌表示認(rèn)可的行為非常罕見。現(xiàn)今很多司機(jī)即使見到禮貌行為也似乎視若惘然。但是，誤用禮貌同樣危險(xiǎn)。典型的事例為：司機(jī)為了讓過從邊路上突然出現(xiàn)的車而采取急剎車，卻對(duì)后面的交通造成了危險(xiǎn)。（而若不出現(xiàn)這種情況），本來只需幾秒鐘的等待，道路就會(huì)暢通無阻；或者，有

48、人會(huì)為一個(gè)穿過斑馬線的孩子讓路，示意其進(jìn)入行車道，但隨后駛來的車輛卻無法及時(shí)停車。同樣，鼓勵(lì)老太太隨時(shí)隨地橫穿馬路的行為也是如此。我經(jīng)常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然沒有屢屢出現(xiàn)這些老太太被撞死的交通事故。一位行為無可挑剔的老司機(jī)曾告訴我：在不引起交通阻塞，從而惹怒其他司機(jī)的前提下，司機(jī)們學(xué)會(huì)逐個(gè)插入車流有助于緩解交通。但現(xiàn)代的駕駛員甚至不會(huì)學(xué)如何駕車，更別說掌握公路駕車技能的微妙之處了。多年前專家就曾警告我們：汽車擁有量的突增要求所有馬路使用者的互諒互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摪堰@項(xiàng)警告銘記于心的時(shí)候了。詞匯：road hog 駕車亂搶路的人go a long way：to help very much i

49、n achieving sth（對(duì)做某事）大有幫助Passage 2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirrorthe glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2

50、050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great change

51、s in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather exp

52、erts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are alread

53、y disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influe

54、nces on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on

55、the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is al

56、so variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the

57、models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(慣性)of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide

58、 might thus be serving as a useful counte-balance to the suns diminishing heat.文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析本文對(duì)地球氣候的變化從自然氣候和人為因素兩方面的影響進(jìn)行了分析。第一到四段為第一部分：介紹人為因素（二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)）對(duì)地球氣候的影響。其中分析了二氧化碳會(huì)帶來溫室效應(yīng)的原理（第一段），帶來的惡果（第二、三段）以及存在的證明（第四段）。第五到六段為第二部分：分析自然因素對(duì)地球氣候的影響。首先指出，自然作用對(duì)氣候的影響大于人為因素的影響；接著介紹太陽行為的變化這一影響氣候的主要自然因素。第七段為第三部分：自然因素和人為因素對(duì)地

59、球氣候的共同作用。 21.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_.21. 從文中可以得出：二氧化碳在大氣中的聚積_。A prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceA 會(huì)阻止太陽光線到達(dá)地表B mean a warming up in the ArcticB 意味著北極圈變暖C account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisph

60、ereC 會(huì)造成北半球氣候的巨大變化D raise the temperature of the earths surfaceD 會(huì)提高地表的溫度分析 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。第一段將二氧化碳在大氣中的作用類比溫室的玻璃屋頂：允許陽光進(jìn)入，并阻止內(nèi)部熱量的逃逸，（其結(jié)果是地球表面溫度上升）。第二段首句則直接指出燃燒產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳會(huì)使大氣溫度上升。第四段指出：南極氣候變化證明了二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。所以，D為正確選項(xiàng)。A和第一段內(nèi)容相反。第五段說明，北半球（包括北極圈）的氣溫在下降，所以，從文中無法推知B。C的錯(cuò)誤在于其片面性。第五段指出：產(chǎn)生二氧化碳最多的北半球溫度不升反降是因?yàn)椋鹤匀?/p>