2023版高三英語主題語境復(fù)習(xí)方案新教材：課時(shí)分層作業(yè)33　人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系

1、 課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(三十三).閱讀理解A(2021廣州市綜合測試)Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim，but also improves your overall health and wellbeing.Different exercises produce different results，as they focus on different parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories：endurance, strength，flexibility，and

2、 balance.Many people often only focus on one exercise type，but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.EnduranceEndurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises，you are working to keep your heart，lungs，and

3、bloodflow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.StrengthIf you want to build up your muscles，then strength exercises，which are also known as“resistance training”，are right for you.Even the slightest increase in strength

4、 can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.FlexibilityFlexibility exercises help stretch your bodys muscles.This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion

5、，posture，ability to breathe deeply，and blood flow.Also，it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.BalanceBalance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults，helping them stay independent.Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your

6、feet on the ground.Heeltotoe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種鍛煉類型的作用，這四種鍛煉類型分別是耐力性運(yùn)動(dòng)、力量運(yùn)動(dòng)、柔韌性運(yùn)動(dòng)和平衡運(yùn)動(dòng)。1How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine?ABy combining different exercise types together.BBy having sufficient rest betwe

7、en their workouts.CBy concentrating on one training aspect at a time.DBy increasing the frequency of their training gradually.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“but including all four in your workout will produce better results”可知，把這四種鍛煉類型結(jié)合在一起才能使一個(gè)人從其鍛煉習(xí)慣中獲益最大。故選A項(xiàng)。2Which exercise types are most useful to improve

8、a persons breathing function?AStrength and Balance.BFlexibility and Balance.CEndurance and Strength.DEndurance and Flexibility.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Endurance部分第一句中的“Endurance exercises increase your breathing”和Flexibility部分第二句中的“ability to breathe deeply”可知，耐力性運(yùn)動(dòng)和柔韌性運(yùn)動(dòng)這兩種鍛煉類型都對(duì)改善呼吸功能有幫助。故選D項(xiàng)。3Which part of the

9、body plays the most important role in balancerelated exercises?AArms.BLegs.CThe waist. DThe neck.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Balance部分第二句可知，大多數(shù)好的平衡運(yùn)動(dòng)就是那些能讓你的腳保持在地面上不停地移動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此可推知，腿在與平衡有關(guān)的運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著最重要的作用，故選B項(xiàng)。B(2021重慶市質(zhì)量調(diào)研抽測)Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift，Kate Korolevskaya has been attrac

10、ted by flight.From flying remotecontrolled airplanes to building her own model ones，Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions，but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor，she knew it w

11、as an extraordinary opportunity to realize her dream.The programs mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilots license(PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acce

12、ptance into the program, Kate began her training.Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying.Due to the COVID19 pandemic(大流行病)，however，Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a bre

13、ak from homework.Once summer came around，Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks in ground school，reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the program，”Kate said.After completing that portion of ground school，Kate was finally able to begin flying at t

14、he San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area.Flying, especially for firsttimers like Kate, is a handson process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.Now，having finished the program and earned her PPL, Kate plans

15、 on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.She credits the Upwind Scholarship with all shes been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to get into, and you have to be truly i

16、nterested in flight，” Kate said. “It cant be something likeOh，why dont I try flying this summer？You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put in effort in order to succeed in the program.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。有一次過生日時(shí)，Kate Korolevskaya收到一個(gè)客機(jī)玩具，自此，她對(duì)飛機(jī)產(chǎn)生了興趣。在Upwind Scholarship的幫助下，她參加了訓(xùn)練并獲得了私人飛行執(zhí)照。之后，她計(jì)劃

17、參加飛機(jī)教練培訓(xùn)，希望有朝一日成為一名航空公司飛行員。4What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 1 refer to?AHer skill of building model airplanes.BHer wish to take flights around the world.CHer dream of becoming a pilot.DHer desire to fly remotecontrolled airplanes.C代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Kate has always considered flying a pla

18、ne one of her passions”并結(jié)合語境可知，C項(xiàng)“她成為飛行員的夢想”是that指代的內(nèi)容。5What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship?ATo help students in need to achieve their dreams.BTo provide necessary training for private pilots for free.CTo give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.DTo prepare high school students to

19、 become a private pilot.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The programs mission. for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.”可知，Upwind Scholarship的目標(biāo)是幫助想要成為私人飛行員的高中生做好準(zhǔn)備，故D項(xiàng)正確。6What did Kate do in ground school?AShe took online lessons on flying.BShe went over the fundamentals of

20、 flying.CShe did some research into the pandemic.DShe finished applying for the program.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三 段中的“Normally, recipients of the scholarship. the fundamentals of flying.”和“Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks in ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day”可知，Kat

21、e 在這個(gè)地方復(fù)習(xí)了飛行的基本知識(shí)，故B項(xiàng)正確。7Which of the following can best describe Kate?AConfident and aggressive.BStrongwilled and patient.CDemanding and courageous.DAmbitious and hardworking.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，Kate 在拿到她的私人飛行執(zhí)照后還計(jì)劃參加飛行教練培訓(xùn)，希望自己未來成為一名航空公司飛行員，由此可推知，Kate是一個(gè)有抱負(fù)的人；根據(jù)第三段中的“Kate spent hours each weekend stu

22、dying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. from nine to five every day”可推知，Kate非常努力，故D項(xiàng)正確。C(2021唐山市模擬演練)Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make“green”ammonia(氨)from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy & Environmental S

23、cience，the authors say that ammonia synthesis(合成)was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century.When used in fertilisers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it could enable agriculture to sustain an everexpanding global population.But since the beginning of the 1990s when

24、 it was first employed, production of ammonia has been energyintensiverequiring temperatures higher than 400 and pressures greater than 200atmand all powered by fossil fuels. Dr.Emma Lovell, a coauthor of the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia, known as the HaberBosch process,

25、 is only costeffective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and that it produces more CO2 than any other chemicalmaking reaction.“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the HaberBosch process, having to produce millions of

26、 tonnes of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place，”says Dr.Lovell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate(硝酸銨)can

27、 be.”Dr.Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources，and doesnt give off CO2 either.“And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used

28、to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand farmers could even do this on site using our technology to make fertiliserswhich means we negate the need for storage and transport. Theres a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet，”Dr.Lovell says.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了悉尼新南威爾士大學(xué)的

29、化學(xué)工程師們發(fā)明了一種用空氣、水和可再生電力制作氨的新方法。本文還介紹了生產(chǎn)氨的傳統(tǒng)方法的缺點(diǎn)及存放、運(yùn)輸氨的問題。 8What do we know about the HaberBosch process?AIt does harm to the environment.BIt requires green materials.CIt uses less energy and is cheap.DIt transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“it produces more CO2 than any other chemica

30、lmaking reaction”可知，用哈伯博施法生產(chǎn)氨會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的二氧化碳，會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境有害，故A項(xiàng)正確。9Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?ATo remind people to protect the environment.BTo give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.CTo convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.DTo stress the choice of a proper centralised locatio

31、n.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place”“And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate can be.”可知，作者提到貝魯特是為了舉例說明存放氨的危險(xiǎn)性，故B項(xiàng)正確。10What does the underlined word“negate”probably mean in the last paragraph?AInspe

32、ct.BAvoid.CSuit. DAccept.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand”可知，我們可以使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)根據(jù)需求現(xiàn)場制作氨，這就意味著我們能夠避免存放和運(yùn)輸氨，故B項(xiàng)的含義與畫線詞的含義最為接近。11What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo explain a process.CTo advocate a theory.DTo introduce a method

33、.D寫作目的題。根據(jù)文章首句“Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to makegreenammonia from air, water and renewable electricity.”并結(jié)合下文敘述的生產(chǎn)氨的傳統(tǒng)方法的缺點(diǎn)、生產(chǎn)氨的新方法等可知，本文的目的是介紹一種新的制作氨的方法，故D項(xiàng)正確。D(2021山東新高考第一次模擬)Next time you find yourself tending to your flower garden，you may want to stay quiet.The flowers a

34、re listening.Israeli scientists discovered that the plants hear bees approaching and attempt to lure them in with sweeter nectar (花蜜)In several experiments，they found that playing audio recordings of buzzing bees around certain flowers will cause the sugar concentration in the nectar to rise by abou

35、t 20% in less than five minutes.Such a rapid reaction by plants to sound had never previously been reported.Just to make a comparison，the researchers also tried a higher frequency noiselike that made by a mosquito or a batand the flowers did not respond.The authors pointed out that the behavior is a

36、ctually in line with the natural order of things，considering that a plants ability to sense its environment and respond to it is critical for its survival.So，it seems that plants have some sort of consciousness.This is not the first time that plants have reacted to the sound around them.In a 2009 st

37、udy，the researchers found that womens voices help make plants grow faster.In that experiment，tomato plants were found to grow two inches taller when they were tended to by a female gardener.What if we told you that a potato chip bag left on the floor of a break room could listen in on office gossip？

38、As people were talking around the potato chip bag，they were sending tiny sound vibrations (震動(dòng)) into the air.Those vibrations then hit lifeless objects around the room.If you had a camera that was zoomed in on one of those objects extremely closely，in theory，you could actually see the object move alo

39、ng with the vibrations.You could then feed that video into a computer program that could translate the vibrations and you could play back the audio of the conversation that just took place.So next time youre at the botanical garden or in a grocery aisle，be careful what you say.Someoneor somethingmig

40、ht be listening.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，植物會(huì)對(duì)周圍的聲音作出反應(yīng)，而無生命的物體也會(huì)隨聲波的震動(dòng)動(dòng)起來。12Which of the following best explains “l(fā)ure” in paragraph 2?AShut.BAttract.CTrap. DLead.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和語境可知，當(dāng)植物聽到蜜蜂靠近時(shí)，會(huì)試圖用更甜的花蜜吸引它們，故選B “吸引”。13What is vital for plants to survive?AThe soil they depend on to grow.BThe audio recor

41、dings played to them.CThe identification to the sound frequency.DThe power to sense and react to the environment.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“a plants ability to sense its environment and respond to it is critical for its survival”可知，D項(xiàng)“感知環(huán)境并對(duì)環(huán)境作出反應(yīng)的能力”正確。14What can speed up the growth of plants?AThe womens voice

42、.BThe strength of the vibration.CThe species of the young plant.DThe number of the music played.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“the researchers found that womens voice help make plants grow faster”可知A項(xiàng)正確。15What is the main idea of the text?AThe frequency of vibrations determines plants growth.BSound vibrations can b

43、e processed into audio.CBuzzing bees can increase the production of nectar.DPlants or lifeless objects may have the ability to listen.D主旨大意題。文章開頭說植物聽到蜜蜂靠近就會(huì)試圖用更甜的花蜜來吸引它們，后面說薯片的包裝袋可能會(huì)偷聽辦公室的閑聊，再結(jié)合文章最后一句“Someoneor somethingmight be listening.”可知，這句話總結(jié)了全文大意，故選D項(xiàng)“植物或無生命物體可能有聽的能力”。.閱讀七選五(2021東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體模擬

44、)Principles of Developing the Youths Leadership SkillsLook for leadership potential in everyone 1 Not everyone feels comfortable leading a meeting or speaking at an event，but they may be able to talk to teachers about a project or draft a letter to the school or community newspaper.Its worthwhile to

45、 think about all of the ways the youth can get involved.Take time to give them meaningful feedback and build their selfconfidenceIt can be difficult to find time to meet with the youth individually，but it is important.Plan to meet regularly with core leaders and be on the lookout for impromptu (即興的)

46、individual meetings. 2 Further plans can be discussed during the meetings and the youth can have more courage.Opportunities are when the youth lead projects or activitiesSometimes its hard to take a step back and play the supportive role，but it is the only way to develop leaders authentically (真正地)B

47、ut sometimes you ask a youth to take ownership of a task and then decide to do it yourself. 3 . When leaders do not come through with an assignment，its important to hold them accountable.The youth will feel accomplished after working hard and grow up. 4 Training can be facilitated with inhouse staff

48、 or an outside resource person，so the youth feel confident in their knowledge and skills.As tasks get more advanced，the level of training should progress as well.At the same time，you must examine the skills and assistance you provide to the group to ensure that expectations are clear and that follow

49、ups take place to inquire about any extra support needed. 5 AThat can leave a negative impactBBuild up their confidence and cheer them upCOffer lots of training and clear guidanceDThink of every young person as someone who possesses leadership abilityEMake sure young people have the guidance needed

50、to complete agreedupon activitiesFThese could happen while walking with a youth to get a snack before or after a meetingGLeadership skills can be absorbed in classroom learning through the belief in learned optimism【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了培養(yǎng)年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能的幾個(gè)原則，包括在每個(gè)人身上尋找領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能潛質(zhì)、提供大量培訓(xùn)和清晰的指導(dǎo)等。1D考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該部分的標(biāo)題L

51、ook for leadership potential in everyone(在每個(gè)人身上尋找領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能潛質(zhì))可知，D項(xiàng)(把每個(gè)年輕人都當(dāng)作擁有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的人)符合語境。2F考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)上文中的“be on the lookout for impromptu individual meetings”可推知答案為F，因?yàn)樵撨x項(xiàng)表述的是可能發(fā)生的與年輕人單獨(dú)會(huì)面的情景。3A考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)該部分標(biāo)題可知，該部分主要講讓年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目或活動(dòng)，但空前一句講有時(shí)候你讓年輕人承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)又決定自己來做，結(jié)合該部分主旨可知，這樣做不好，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。4C考查段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段中的“Train

52、ing can be facilitated” “the level of training”“assistance”“support”可知，本段主要涉及培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)，故答案為C。5E考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)最后一段選出的標(biāo)題Offer lots of training and clear guidance可知，選項(xiàng)E符合語境，銜接上文，意思是確保年輕人得到所需的指導(dǎo)來完成商定的活動(dòng)。.完形填空(2021湖南省四校調(diào)研聯(lián)考)Kemira had just jumped in the shower when she heard her mother knocking at the door.Kemir

53、as 30dayold daughter was 1 The 24yearold new mother burst out of the 2 and began patting her daughter on the back.Ryleigh，the baby，was usually quick to cry.Now she didnt make a 3 The three had hardly 4 out of their house when they met Will Kimbro，a school officer，shouting that the baby had stopped b

54、reathing. 5 for his help，Kemira handed the baby to Kimbro.He put a hand on her little chest.Ryleighs heart was 6 beating.Kimbro 7 for an ambulanceit was seven minutes to be here，and the 8 was even further away.Then he began tapping Ryleighs chest，hoping to make her heart back in 9 Thanks to the CPR (心肺復(fù)蘇) class，Kimbro knew the choking baby didnt have a 10 to survive if there was a blockage，and he used one finger to clear her airway.That