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1、語法復(fù)習(xí)九:動詞詞義辨析動詞是是各類考試的重點,高考試題中,單項填空、完形填空和改錯等三項題型中,動詞辨 義的比重較大,并逐年增加。動詞辨義主要指:1、形狀相同的動詞之間辨義。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat 等。2、意義相近的動詞之間辨義。女口: borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、動詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意義不同,但容易混淆的動詞的辨義。如:explain, say
2、; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out 等。5、某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。6、某些常用動詞短語的辨義。如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等。(-)易混動詞1、lay (放),lie (躺)與lie (說謊):這三個易混動詞構(gòu)成見下表:中文原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動詞躺lielaylainlying不
3、及物動詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動詞2、rise和raise: rise是不及物動詞,其過去式是rose,過去分詞是risen,而raise是及物動 詞,是規(guī)那么動詞。3、hear與listen to: hear側(cè)重點是聽到,聽見什么,而listen to是側(cè)重于聽的傾向,但hear 用于無意中的聽見,而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。4、see, watch和look: see用作看電影,劇目;watch那么用作看電視比賽,而watch還有在旁 觀看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?; look 一般用作不及物動詞,只
4、是當(dāng)盯著某人 看時用作及物動詞,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯著我的臉。)5、wind和wound: wind意為蜿蜒而行,其過去式與過去分詞都是wound,而動詞原形wound 意為傷害,其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。6、hang的用法:hang有兩個意思:一為懸掛,是不規(guī)那么動詞,過去式、過去分詞都是hung; 二為絞刑,是規(guī)那么動詞,其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。7、hear的過去分詞bom與borne: bear作為出生講有兩個過去分詞born, borneo只有當(dāng) be+born短語后沒有by介詞短語時,才可用
5、born。$0:He was born in Shanghai.而作它用時要用 borneo 如:She has borne five children.但如果作忍受講,那么一律用 borne。8、sit與seat: seat為及物動詞時是作容納講,sit只是表示一動作。seat如果表示就座時要 用 be seatedo 如:They were seated at their desks.或用 seat oneself,比方:I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend與keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但這兩個詞都是截止性動詞
6、或 瞬間動詞,不能用于長時間的動作,所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep。10、win 與 beat: win 作勝、贏講時其后應(yīng)接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, abet,但不能接人,如果接人那么有另外的含意。如:I have won him.即我已說服他了,我贏 得他的好感。而beat是及物動詞為擊敗、勝過講,直接接人、隊。11 steal與rob: steal為偷。rob為搶,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。12、fit與suit: fit與suit均可作
7、合適講,但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小 的合適,而suit那么多用于顏色式樣的合適。13. take, bring與fetch:英文中拿三個詞,即拿來,拿去,去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿 來,帶來是bring,拿去帶走是take,而去取回來是fetch。14、shut與close: shut與close有時是可以互換的,但有些地方那么不可這樣做。如:在正式場 合多用close,而在命令,態(tài)度粗暴的場合那么用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴);乂如:Shut up.在 指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合,那么要用close。15、answer與reply:
8、作為回答講answer是及物動詞,如作不及物動詞,那么意義不同,如answer for,意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動詞,后跟賓語時,要加上t。16、reach, arrive與get to: reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動詞,而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時講, 那么是不及物動詞。作到達(dá)講時還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)o17 cost, spend與take:英文中花費有三個詞cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作“花 費”講,主語不能是人,而spend的主語不能是物。如:she spent all his money on stamp
9、s.jTu take作 花費講時,可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work.18 lost, gone與missing:作補(bǔ)足語時意為喪失、不見了,可以用lost, gone,但要用miss 時那么不能用missed,而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服講的動詞分為狀態(tài)和動作兩種。have on與wear 作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時態(tài),而wear那么常要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。put on是動作,但dress既 可用作狀態(tài),又可用作穿衣動作
10、,但用作狀態(tài)時要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a blue suit作動作講時,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.20 begin 與 startbegin與Start均可作開始講,并無多少區(qū)別,同樣可接不定式或動名詞,但在下面的場合 多要用 Start: 1)機(jī)器的開動發(fā)動;2)旅途的開始。Q:we should have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street o21、al
11、low 與 permitallow與permit其后直接接動作時要用動名詞,如接人后再接動詞那么要用不定式,所以用 在被動語態(tài)時一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit.22 find 與 foundfind找到的過去式和過去分詞都是found,而found是動詞“建立”的原形,其過去式和過 去分詞是 founded, founded,如:The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 與 tell英文中講有4個詞,speak, say, talk, tell,但
12、其中speak, talk多用作不及物動詞,但speak后 加語言名詞時那么用作及物動詞,如:Please speak Englisho而say與tell是及物動詞,其中tell常 用作接雙賓語,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法,如:在作講實話,講謊言,表示 時間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞,如:My watch was broken. It couldn5t tell time correctlyo在書信、便條、海報上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said .o在作區(qū)分不同講時是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the tw
13、o?而講別人好壞話時用 speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son.o24、excuse me 與 sorryexcuse me用于來打攏對方前以提醒對方注意的提示語,而sorry那么表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降?歉。25、care for 與 care to docare for其后要接不定式時那么要省去for或換用名詞,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但 care for作照顧講時與look after相同。26、與名詞易混的動詞有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept.), ex
14、cept(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed.), success(n.);27、意義相近的動詞:ring搖鈴,打鈴, 鈴響,strike專指敲鐘,打幾點,撞擊;suggest 提出實驗性或推測性的建議,advice表示對經(jīng)驗缺乏人的一種忠告;look由視覺得出的印象,seem 暗示一定根據(jù)的判定,appear外表印象而實際或結(jié)果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遺物, 某物被取走一局部后剩余局部;disc
15、over (發(fā)現(xiàn))找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西,invent (創(chuàng)造)研制出不存在的東西;remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。28、動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with .29 動詞 + 介詞 to 的詞組有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, rep
16、ly to .30、與 in 相結(jié)合的動詞有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in .(-)動詞短語動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上 選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~,不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點:1、根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點,掌握其運用規(guī)律。(I)動詞+副詞(不及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會后,人
17、們都已離去,哈里出現(xiàn)了。(2)動詞+副詞(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.請把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意:如果賓語較長,就應(yīng)防止把副詞同動詞分開。如:She turned off all the lights which had been left on.她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語是人稱代詞,只能放在動詞和副詞之 間。如:She gave them away.她送掉了它們。(3)動詞+介詞(及物)Im looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼鏡。注意:當(dāng)它跟賓語時,不能把介詞放在賓語后面。動詞短語可以放在句子或
18、從句末尾。 如:Shes got more work than she can cope with,她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。(4)動詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望不久就見到你。注:“動詞+介詞”、“動詞+名詞+副詞”、“動詞+副詞+介詞”,這三種搭配都是及物的,如變 成被動語態(tài),不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after.(不能漏 掉after)這樣一來,糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭
19、配在意義上的差 異。(1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時,意義上的差異。如:hear from收到的來信,hear of聽說。 look after 照料,look at 看,look for 尋找。(2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時,意義上的差異。如:ring back回 ,ring off掛斷 ,ring up打 put away放好,put on穿,上演,put up掛起,舉起。(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時,在意義上的差異。如:look for尋找,call for去取(某物),去 接(某人),ask for請求,wait for等候,send for派人去叫。(4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時,在
20、意義上的差異。如:break out發(fā)生,爆炸,carry out進(jìn)行, 開展,go out 熄、滅,hand out 分發(fā),let out 放出,look out 留神,sell out 賣完,set out 出發(fā),take out 取出, work out 算出。break down 出毛病,come down 落下來,get down 下車,take down 取下,write down 寫下。練習(xí)、動詞詞義辨析can hardly the difference between the two words.D.tellD.needA. pointB.speakC.sayyou will
21、write me back soon.A. wishB.hopeC.wantasked him to me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A.spendB. spareC.saveD. shareFather will not us to touch anything in his room when he is away.D. allowD.runA. haveB.letC. agreelearned to a bicycle as a small boy.A. rideB. driveC. operatecan you
22、 to the railway station in my car.A. sendB.pickC.rideD.takef no one the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answers B. returnsC. repliesD. receives1 dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one.A.saidB.toldC. spokenD.talkedThese boxes are too heavy for your mother, you*d better them for he
23、r.A. bringB. carryC.takeD. fetchThere was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously.A. hurtB. killedC. brokenD.cutCareless driving a lot of highway accidents.D. resultsA. affectsB. givesC. causesFve my umbrella in the office and Pll have to fetch it.A. forgotB.leftC. remainedD.los
24、t.The doctor says a few days* rest in a quiet place will you a lot of good.A. makeB.doC.giveD.getHis heart fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.His heart fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beatB.hitThe cooking chicken very good.A. smellsB. feelsC. jumpedC. sounds
25、D.ranD. tastesMost children stay at home until they school age.A. getB eC. reachD. arriveA single mistake here could you your life.A single mistake here could you your life.A. payB.takeC. spendThe boy works hard. I him to succeed in the exam.A. likeB. expectC. thinkWe each other the best of luck in
26、the examination.A. hopedB. wantedC. expectedD.costD.needD. wishedTm afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like to a message?A.giveB. leaveC.carryDo you know the girl a red coat?A. dressed in B. had onC. woreThe assistant suggested Mary the blue skirt.A. buying B. boughtC. to buyD.takeD. put onD. could
27、buyOur teacher suggested Wang Lin to America for further study.A. should send B. would be sentC. sendingD.be sentOld Mr Jackson insisted to the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sent B. to sendC. on sendingD. being sentThe father insisted that their son Tom clever enough to study music.A. beB. should
28、beC.wasD. would be26.1 the television set for 1,500 yuan.A. boughtB.paidC.costD.spent27.1 play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had better28. - What are you doing? - Im looking27.1 play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had better28. - What are you doing? - Im lookingC. like bet
29、terD. preferthe children. They should be back for lunch now.A. afterB.atC.forD.up29. The sports meet will be till next week because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put awayC. put upD. put down30.1 really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can it.A. get back from B. get out ofC. get
30、awayD. get offReaders can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get overB. get inC; get alongD. get throughMany foreigners the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder.A. look atB. look forC. look aroundD. look on.1 can* t hear clearly. Please the radio a little.A.tum;on B.tum;
31、offC.tum;down D.tum;upThirty people were expected, but only twenty - four.A. turned in B. turned upC. turned toD. turn upThe child is running a high fever. We must a doctor at once.A. send in B. send outC. send forD. send upIm going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell me at eight and well go there toget
32、he;A. call for B. call inC. call onD. call upIt is often easier to make plans than it is to.A. carry on them B. carry out themC. carry them on D. carry them outYour composition must be after class.A. handed to B. handed outC. handed inD. handed overA new school was in the village last year.D. brought upD. take placeD.Look outD.set downD. call onA. held up B. set upC. sent up- When did the plane? -At 2 ocloc
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