兒科護理?？苹A(chǔ)的知識點

1、兒科臨床護理專科基本知識1小兒各年齡階段的R.HR頻率（次/分）年齡呼吸脈搏呼吸脈搏比新生兒40-50120-1401 : 31歲30-40110-1301：3-43歲25-30100-1201：3-7歲20-2580-10041：414歲18-2070-901：42小兒正常血壓：0 1月收縮壓60mmHg,1月一 1歲收縮壓70 mmHg,2歲一 12歲收縮壓二年齡*2+80 （大于1歲收縮壓二年齡*2+70）3小兒正常體重計算公式：1 一6月體重（kg）二出生體重+月齡*0.7712 月體重（kg）=6+ 月齡 *0.252-12歲體重（kg）二年齡*2+ （7或8）青春期每年增長45kg

2、，持續(xù)2 3年，青春期持續(xù)6 7年。4小兒正常身長： 出生時平均50cm , 1歲時平均75cm, 2歲時平均85cm.,2歲后平均增長57cm。212歲身長（cm）二年齡*7+705小兒正常頭圍：出生時 33-34cm , 1 歲時 46cm, 2 歲時 48cm. , 5 歲時 50cm,15 歲 54-58cm6.頭圍測量方法：自眉弓上方枕后結(jié)節(jié)饒頭一周。7小兒胃容量：新生兒 30-60ML ,1 3 月 90-150ML , 1 歲 250-300ML , 5 歲 700-850ML。成人 胃容量：2000ML。胃排空時間：水1.5-2h，母乳2-3h，牛奶3-4h。小兒正常尿量：新生

3、兒 1-3ml/kg.h 嬰兒 4 0 0 - 5 0 0 ml/ 日幼兒 5 0 0 - 6 0 0 ml/ 日學(xué)齡前期6 0 0 - 8 0 0 ml/日學(xué)齡期8 0 0 - 1 4 0 0 ml/日少尿：嬰幼兒2 0 0 ml/日學(xué)齡前期3 0 0 ml/日學(xué)齡期ml/日無尿：，5 0 ml/ 日 新生兒0 5 ml/h小兒的膀胱容量：（年齡+2） *30小兒低流量鼻導(dǎo)管輸氧氧流量：新生兒0 .5L / min， 嬰幼兒 1L / min， 學(xué)齡前期 1 . 5L / min， 學(xué)齡期2L / minI型呼衰給較高濃度的氧（3 5- 5 0 %）或高濃度氧（大于50%）當(dāng)口 aO29.3

4、kpa時，逐漸降低氧濃度n型呼衰給低濃度的氧（3 0 - 3 5 %持續(xù)給氧。實際吸入氧濃度（%） =21+ 4 *氧流量（L /min ）關(guān)節(jié)功能位：手臂維持外展位，肘部微屈。仰臥位時肩關(guān)節(jié)高于肩部水平。膝下放軟枕，防止骨突關(guān)節(jié)外旋，以毛巾卷贈送以下資料英語萬能作文（模板型）Along with the adva nee of the society more and more problems arebrought to our atte nti on, one of which is that.隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是As to whether it is

5、a blessing or a curse, however, people take differe nt attitudes.然而，對于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看； Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）As society develops, people are attach ing much importa nee to.隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注People are attach ing more and more importa nee to the in terview

6、during job hunting求職的過程中，人們慢慢意識到面試的重要性。As to whether it is worthwhile .,there is a long-running con troversial debate. It is quite n atural that people from differe nt backgro unds may have diverge nt attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得 勺問題，一直以來爭論不休。當(dāng)然， 不同的人對此可能持不同的觀點。In the process of modern urban developm

7、ent, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的發(fā)展中，我們往往會陷入困境Rece ntly the phe nomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, m

8、ore problems are brought to our atte nti on.人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經(jīng)濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。. plays such an importa nt role that it undeni ably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a bless ing or a curse?得非常重要而成為當(dāng)今世界所關(guān)注的最大的問題，這是無可 厚非的。不過，問題是：我們該如何抉擇?Now we ar

9、e entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,現(xiàn)在我們正在進入一個充滿機會和挑戰(zhàn)的新時代。People from differe nt backgro unds would put differe nt in terpretati ons on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。The con troversial issue is ofte n brought into public focus. People from differe nt backgro unds hold diff

10、ere nt attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭議性的話題往往很受社會的關(guān)注。不同的人對此問題的 看法也不盡相同。Whe n asked .， some people think.while some prefer.說到,有人認(rèn)為,而另一些人則認(rèn)為 。Just as the say ing goes: so many people, so many min ds. It is quite un dersta ndable that views on this issue vary from pers on to pers on.俗話說，叫不同的人對此有不同的看法

11、是可以理解的。To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.對于這個問題，不同的人持不同的觀點。There is a good side and a bad side to everythi ng, it goes without say ing that.萬事萬物都有其兩面性，所以，勿庸置疑， 。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as 提到 問題，很多人認(rèn)為 不過，一些人則認(rèn)為 是When faced

12、with., quite a few people claim that . ., but other peoplethi nk as.提到 問題，僅少數(shù)人認(rèn)為 ，但另一些人則認(rèn)為。There is a public con troversy no wadays over the issue of . There whocriticize . .argue that ., they believe that . .,but people who favor ., on the other hand, argue that.目前，問題爭議較大。批判 的人認(rèn)為，他們認(rèn)為，不過，另一方面，贊同 的人

13、則認(rèn)為Some people are of the opinion that. 有些人認(rèn)為Many people claim that.很多人認(rèn)為A majority of絕大多數(shù)A large nu mber ofSome people contend that . has proved to bring many adva ntages (disadva ntages)有些人認(rèn)為 很多有利之處(不利之處)。Those who argue for . say that . .economic development of the cities.覺得 的人認(rèn)為，城市的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。Some peo

14、ple advocate that .有些人在堅持認(rèn)為。They hold that . 他們認(rèn)為。People, who advocate that ., have their sound reas ons (gro un ds)堅持認(rèn)為 的人也有其說法(依據(jù))。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些從中受益的人對此大家褒獎。Those who stron gly approve of . have coge nt reas ons for it.有人會認(rèn)為強烈認(rèn)同 的人有很多

15、原因。Many people would claim that.People who support . give some or all of the follow ing reas ons.那些支持 點的人列出了如下原因：But others hold the view that 但是，另外一些人則認(rèn)為 觀點的用詞： Attitude, opin io n, 與其搭配的動詞以及詞組： Take, have,come up with, set forth, put forward 等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few peop

16、le who str on glyadvocate that.,.不過，另一方面，也有少部分人堅持認(rèn)為。But people who are . ., on the other hand , maintain that.不過，另一方面，的人認(rèn)為。However, there are a large nu mber of people who hold a differe nt view concerning this case.然而，很多人對此有不同的看法。問題用詞:Issue,phenomenon后接介詞,on,over寺。However,some others arguethat.然而，另

17、一些人貝U認(rèn)為However, there are also some others who contend that.然而，也有人認(rèn)為。But other people set forth completely totally different argument con cer ning this case.不過，對于此，另一些人則持完全不同的觀點。Some people exam ine this issue from ano ther an gle.有的人用另一角度來看這一問題。On the other hand, there are also many opp onents who

18、stron gly .另一方面，也有很多反對的人，他們認(rèn)為 。Accord ing to my pers on ality and fondn ess, I would prefer . . rather than 根據(jù)我的個性以及興趣，我選擇 不會選擇Pers on ally, I side with the latter (former) opin io n.就我個人而言，我支持后者(前者)。Pers on ally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我個人而言，我較同意前一種看法。To my point of view我認(rèn)為To my

19、 mind, the advantages far overweigh thedrawbacks(disadva ntages, shortco min gs)我認(rèn)為，優(yōu)點勝過缺點。For my part, I sta nd on side of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我較贊同后一種觀點 As far as I am concern ed, I am in cli ned to be on the side of the latter view.在我看來，我較同意后一種觀點。After a thorough consideration, for my par

20、t, I am in favor of the latterview that.經(jīng)過深思熟慮，我較支持后一種看法，亦即If asked to make a decision, I would prefer.如果真的需要作出選擇，我寧愿展現(xiàn)問題篇問題的常用詞：questi on, problem, issueRece ntly, the issue of . has bee n brought into public focus.近來，的問題引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注。Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innov

21、ations,and great changes have taken place in people attitude towards some traditi onal practice.現(xiàn)在我們進入了一個充滿機遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時代，很多人對某些 傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很大改變。Rece ntly the issue of whether or not . has bee n in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來，是否 的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會的廣泛關(guān) 注。The issue whether it i

22、s good or not to . . has aroused a heated discussi on all over the coun try.的利與弊已在全國范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。At present, some people think . .while others claim . .Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為 而另一些人則認(rèn)為 。其實，兩種觀點都其可取之處。People rarely reach an absolute consen sus on such a con troversial issue.對于這種極具爭議的話題，我們很難作出絕對的回答。People from differe nt backgro unds would put differe nt in terpretati ons on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。The con troversial issue is ofte n brought into