閱讀表達(dá)題型解題技巧知識梳理

1、閱讀表達(dá)題型解題技巧題型介紹閱讀表達(dá)題是在考查考生閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了對書面能力的考查。具體要求是：閱讀所給短文(不少于200),并根據(jù)短文后題目的要求進(jìn)行簡答。參考答題時(shí)間為 15分鐘。常見閱讀表達(dá)問題類型主旨概括： What sthe best tile of the passage? What is the purpose of the writer writing this passage? What s the main idea of the article?完成句子： Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper wo

2、rds or phrases.句子替代： Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.句子翻譯： Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.封閉性問題：Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.開放性問題：What would you do if you were? What other suggestions wo

3、uld you give? How would yousettle the problem if you were？確認(rèn)指代關(guān)系：What does the word it probably refer to? (no more than 3 wo rds)根據(jù)文章的題材和體裁設(shè)置其他題目。解題技巧擬定文章標(biāo)題標(biāo)題要出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵詞組。標(biāo)題要覆蓋全文或整個段落，不能離題太遠(yuǎn)，太籠統(tǒng)或只概括一 段或幾句話的意思，即以偏概全。標(biāo)題如果是句子，句號一般不用，但其他符號要標(biāo)出。句子填空題首先要信息定位，也就是快速準(zhǔn)確地在文章中找到題目中所涉及的相似內(nèi)容，主要是搜索相似關(guān) 鍵詞；二是比較，也是題目陳述

4、和原文陳述的比較，通過語境來確定答案，答案就在文章中，表述時(shí) 注意詞數(shù)。句子填空答題句子填空要整體理解，注意上下文的邏輯性，特別是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用。語言要簡潔，注意詞數(shù)限制。檢查時(shí)，看上下文是否通順，語法是否正確，是否能體現(xiàn)作者的表達(dá)意圖。翻譯試題翻譯要整體理解，不能斷章取義；弄清 it, they, this, that等代詞所指代的含義；理清句子的語法 結(jié)構(gòu)，即找出句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清句子的修飾成分及修飾關(guān)系。根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣對譯文做適當(dāng)?shù)?調(diào)整，避免字字對譯。省略句要做適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充，關(guān)鍵詞翻譯要準(zhǔn)確。開放性問題對于開放性問題要審清題目要求，是一步作答還是兩步作答，不能直接從文章中找一句話來回答。

5、回答原因很重要。盡量表達(dá)自己熟悉的觀點(diǎn)和方面，也就是要揚(yáng)長避短。同義句替換要找準(zhǔn)要替代的全部內(nèi)容，不多也不少。要把替代的句子全寫下來，不要用省略號。書寫要規(guī)范。封閉性問題對于答案唯一的封閉性問題，要注重細(xì)節(jié)，在原文中相關(guān)位置尋找答題依據(jù)，并且緊密結(jié)合上下文細(xì)致推理。指代關(guān)系的確認(rèn)解此類題，首先要返回原文，找出題目中的指代詞；其次，向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性詞組；最后將找到的詞、詞組代入，替換該指代詞，看意思是否通順。這道題答案也能在文中找到， 不要用自己的語言歸納，通常代詞所指代的名詞在本句或其上句之中。真題再現(xiàn)Stamp collectors usually collect stamps

6、 only from certain countries or regions. The traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates.Of course, there are many. You can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. For example, sport lovers may choose the Olympic theme. They try their be

7、st to find Olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. Some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc.If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft

8、, spacemen, etc. Once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. Then, you can put all your effort to collect the stamps around it.China issues zodiac animal stamps(十二生肖由B票)every year to celebrate the Lunar New year. They are extremely popu

9、lar and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them. Hong Kongs Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the year of Dragon and the twelfth and final set was issued in 2011, the Year of Rabbit. Recently some Western countries have issued zodiac animal

10、stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well.You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. Otherwise, it is very difficult to accumulate stamps around the topic. You will be depressed and even lose your inte

11、rest in collecting stamps.Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. The main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme. 76. What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 5 words)Fill i

12、n the blanks in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)Of course, there are many.What should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps? (no more than 7 words)List the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage. (3 words)What does the word

13、them (Line 3, Paragraph 6) probably refer to? (1 word)Ashley Power s mother bought a cotsrptor her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And oneday she thought, “ If I had my own website, I d

14、make it a really interesting site for teenagers.So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley

15、had about 30 employees.After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called“ All About Ashlwyiere Ashley tells r

16、eaders what it is like to bethe boss of a company when you are only sixteen.I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I gotvery stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen I didn t eveaVe a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, youd be stressed, too!”In an interview Ashley gave ad

17、vice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And dont listen when , because I heard no a lot. Just keep going until you hear ! ” yesFor what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (no more than 10 words)What is the main idea of Paragraph

18、2 ? (no more than 6 words)According to Paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down ? (no more than 10 words)How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company ? (no more than 5 words)Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in s

19、wimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brillian

20、t athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world best long-distance s

21、wimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.Nyad at

22、tempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and s

23、trong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things trav

24、elling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)What does the underlined word“ obstacles

25、 mean? (1 word)What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)答案與解析Collecting stamps with themes 主旨大意題。綜觀全文可知，本文從第二段第二句提出主題后， 一直圍繞這個主

26、題講述各種主題集郵的方法。other methods of collecting stamps考查補(bǔ)全短文填空題。畫線詞后介紹了通過特別的主題集郵等其他的集郵方法。We should wait for 12 years.短文信息簡答題。由第四段第二句They are etxemely popular and a lotof collectors wait patiently for 12 years可知如果要集滿全套的12生肖郵票要等 12年。sport(s); astronomy; animal(s) 歸納問答題。本文的第二、三、四段分別提到了與運(yùn)動、宇宙以及 動物有關(guān)的集郵。Teenage

27、rs. 代詞指代題。由畫線詞所在句可知them指代的是前面的 teenage5本文是一篇人物介紹。美國女孩 Ashley 16歲獨(dú)自創(chuàng)辦青少年社交網(wǎng)站GooseHead,大獲成功。幾年后，Ashley又出版The GooseHead Guide to Life 一書，暢談人生感受，與讀者分享少年得志的喜悅， 傾訴成功帶來的壓力和煩惱，并為有意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的青少年提出指導(dǎo)和建議。She wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers. 原文第段概述了 網(wǎng)站GooseHead 的由來，其中“If I had my own website, I

28、 d make it a really interestirfgr teenagers 明確提到創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站的初衷， 根據(jù)題干要求用不多于10個單詞歸納出一句話。Ashleys GooseHead was a big success.第二段主要陳述網(wǎng)站的點(diǎn)擊量和雇員數(shù)，說明它的成功， 因此中心詞為success,用不多于六個字組織一個句子。She wrote a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life .第三段明確提到Ashley was asked to write abook called The GooseHead Guide to Life.”She

29、 felt happy but stressed.第三段中兩處明確提到了心情：I was so happy I got very stressed 根據(jù)詞數(shù)要求，用不多于 5個詞組織一個完整的句子。people tell you that you cant do it本題是根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全句子，下文明確提到because I heardno a lo睢知上一句是說面對反對意見時(shí)不能聽從。A serious illness (did). 原文第段 “a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games 用不 同說法表達(dá)了同樣的含義。Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges. 定位原文 “As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion. agan賓語是 herself和obstacles,后面部分為 obstacles的定