大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀基礎(chǔ)

1、閱讀基礎(chǔ)班概念分為三個(gè)板塊：閱讀總論、真題講解、練習(xí)第一講 閱讀總論1.閱讀按目的不同主要分為兩類(lèi)：娛樂(lè)和考試。2.基本理念：不能逐字（word by word）、加快速度（最好每分鐘120單詞左右）3.英語(yǔ)最重要的三件事：背單詞、做閱讀、練聽(tīng)力4.閱讀的主要方法:首先考慮這樣的問(wèn)題，一般來(lái)說(shuō)我們看書(shū)看什么地方？(看核心、最精彩的地方) 。什么地方最重要？5 閱讀步驟：Steps:1)From left to right 2)Not only one word 不能逐字3)Fast speed 加速，自己規(guī)定時(shí)間強(qiáng)迫加速4)Catch the main idea 抓住大意5)Think it

2、over 反復(fù)思考6)Try to remember something 記憶7)Chew it over and over again 把記憶內(nèi)容不斷咀嚼其他TIPS：Anything else:What: magazine 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)、新東方英語(yǔ) novel反對(duì)讀文學(xué)作品，讀難度較低、有益培養(yǎng)閱讀興趣的小說(shuō)讀物newspaper 21世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)報(bào)、不推薦China Daily難度稍大web When: casual 隨心所欲Where: home office school PC Try to read a lot of materials as many as you can. 不要中英文對(duì)

3、照 Rome was not built in a day. 第二講 長(zhǎng)難句分析一、長(zhǎng)難句產(chǎn)生的主要的原因：在詞法上：主要英語(yǔ)和中文在詞法和句法上存在很大差異。英語(yǔ)在詞法上有很多詞尾的屈折變化，在句法上常用長(zhǎng)句；中文在詞法上無(wú)詞尾的屈折變化，在句法上常用短句。 在句法上：在英語(yǔ)中大都喜歡是使用三種成分：從（從句）、插（插入語(yǔ)）、代（代詞）。從句的使用：這是英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)難句的根本原因之一。特別要注意定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的使用。插入語(yǔ)的使用：在中高級(jí)的英語(yǔ)中，尤其是口語(yǔ)中存在有大量插入語(yǔ)，正由于如此，所以在聽(tīng)力中產(chǎn)生了找不到主謂賓的現(xiàn)象。而且會(huì)造成大量的語(yǔ)序不清和語(yǔ)言上的障礙。代詞的使用：代詞在英語(yǔ)中

4、靈活運(yùn)用是讓大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者頭疼的一件事情，特別是it和that使用。下面來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單講一下的it和that基本用法： it的用法：1.it一般指物不指人。e.g.: It is a car, isnt it? 那是一輛車(chē)，是嗎？ 但是it可以指嬰兒（低等生命）或不明確是誰(shuí)。e.g.: My sister has a baby. It is very lovely. 我姐姐有個(gè)孩子。他很可愛(ài)。 Who is speaking? Its Bruce. 是誰(shuí)？布魯斯。（用于打電話時(shí)） Who is it? 是誰(shuí)？（用于敲門(mén)時(shí)）2.it起指示作用（用于回答特殊疑問(wèn)句）。e.g.: Whats that?

5、Its a pig. 那是什么？是一頭豬。 Who is it? Its Mr. Green. 是誰(shuí)？格林先生。3.it用于前后指代。e.g.: I lost a book. Where is it? 我丟了一本書(shū)。 它在哪兒？（前指） It is a pity that they cant come here. 很遺憾他們不能到這兒來(lái)。（后指） If you kill it - the wolf, the people wont be hurt by it. 如果你殺了它那只狼，人們就不會(huì)受傷了。（后指）4.it指時(shí)間、距離、天氣或自然現(xiàn)象。 e.g.: It is six oclock.

6、現(xiàn)在六點(diǎn)。 It is about four kilometers long. 大概有四公里長(zhǎng)。 It was cloudy yesterday. 昨天多云。5.it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，作形式主語(yǔ)。 e.g.: He carried the box to go upstairs. 他把箱子搬上了樓。 It was he who carried the box to go upstairs. 是他把箱子搬上了樓。 It was the box that he carried to go upstairs. 他把箱子搬上了樓。 It was to go upstairs which he carrie

7、d the box. 他把箱子搬上了樓。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + 人(who)/ 物(that)+ 其他成分。6.作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。 e.g.: It is necessary to know this point. 知道這一點(diǎn)很有必要。注意：it在這里作形式主語(yǔ)代替不定式to know this point。 e.g.: I found that it was necessary to know this point. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)知道這一點(diǎn)很必要。注意：it在這里作形式賓語(yǔ)代替不定式to know this point。試比較：I found that it nec

8、essary to know this point. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)知道這一點(diǎn)很必要。注意：在本句中，it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替不定式to know this point，而后的necessary則作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而不是由it引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that的用法：1.用于表示遠(yuǎn)處的單數(shù)物體。e.g.: That is a pig. 那是一頭豬。（指遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞。）2.用于各種從句中：（注意各種從句中什么地方可以省略。）e.g.: That he did so much made everyone puzzled. 他做得這么多使每個(gè)人感到驚訝。（主句從句中不可省略。） I suppose (that) her

9、bag has been stolen. 我想她的包已經(jīng)被偷了。 （賓句從句中可省略。） The difficulty is that we couldnt speak French. 困難的是我們不懂法語(yǔ)。 （表句從句不可省略。） The fact that he has broken the window was proved. 他打破玻璃的事實(shí)已經(jīng)證實(shí)了。 （同位語(yǔ)從句不可省略。） The mobile phone (that) you bought is of no use. 你買(mǎi)的手機(jī)沒(méi)用。 (定語(yǔ)從句)總結(jié)：在所有的從句中，that基本上不能夠省略，除了賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

10、。That除了表示“那個(gè)”以外，其余都是起連接作用。所以that 在定語(yǔ)從句中用于指人也可指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。that一定用于“不（不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)）止（“只是”only修飾先行詞時(shí)）最（形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)）兩（先行詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)人和物）序（序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞時(shí)）”五種情況。3.that 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的使用。（見(jiàn)it用法的最后一部分，注意只有當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物時(shí)，才可以用that。實(shí)際上，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)也就是一種特殊的定語(yǔ)從句。）二、長(zhǎng)難句的分類(lèi)很顯然長(zhǎng)難句分為長(zhǎng)句和難句兩種。長(zhǎng)句：His state of weakness was such that he was unable

11、 to digest any food, he consumed by fever, and he would have died but for the attention of his friends who rescued him from the excesses into which he had been throwing himself. his state of weakness是主語(yǔ)，was是系動(dòng)詞such是表語(yǔ)，后面是表語(yǔ)從句。難句：It is said that that that that that man used is wrong.那個(gè)男人使用的那個(gè)that 是錯(cuò)誤

12、的。第一個(gè)that是主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，第二個(gè)that 是第三個(gè)that的限定詞，第三個(gè)that是單詞that，第四個(gè)that是定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，第五個(gè)that是后面的man的限定詞。實(shí)際上，在英語(yǔ)中往往長(zhǎng)句不是很難，主要是難句很難分析，字?jǐn)?shù)少而成分復(fù)雜，請(qǐng)大家注意。其實(shí)在中級(jí)口譯中，長(zhǎng)難句的考點(diǎn)并不是很多，每年會(huì)出現(xiàn)一到兩句。解決長(zhǎng)難句的主要方法根據(jù)上面分析的內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)，我們解決的方法是我送給大家的第一首小詩(shī)（淺析長(zhǎng)難句）：尋覓句主干，前瞻與后看，不管從插代，拆分即可翻。說(shuō)明：在遇到長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)首先找到句子的主干，主要包括主謂賓，然后看看前后有從句插入語(yǔ)和代詞，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不要管他們，最后主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)翻

13、譯，謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)翻譯，賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)翻譯即可解決難題。關(guān)鍵還是語(yǔ)法的問(wèn)題，希望大家能閱讀我的語(yǔ)法講義。第三講研究文章一、文章的主要類(lèi)型（體裁） 在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中，文章主要可以分為記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文和圖表文章（functional reading）。二、解決各種文章的主要方法 記敘文：記敘文的出現(xiàn)主要是以細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題為主，抓住時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的主要經(jīng)過(guò)。說(shuō)明文：主要有三大類(lèi)：按時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、具體、事物。時(shí)間說(shuō)明文：弄清時(shí)間順序，特別是對(duì)數(shù)字的敏感。地點(diǎn)說(shuō)明文：弄清各個(gè)地點(diǎn)的不同特征。具體事物的說(shuō)明文：抓住事物的特征和細(xì)節(jié)。議論文：抓住論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)之間的關(guān)系，及個(gè)分論點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。一般不會(huì)考到個(gè)論據(jù)之

14、間的關(guān)系。注意議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)：topic-support 的一般結(jié)構(gòu)。 三、解決各種文章應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題（以小詩(shī)形式請(qǐng)大家記?。河洈⒉欢嗉?xì)節(jié)存，說(shuō)明要能拿高分，圖表注意數(shù)字在，找準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)據(jù)解議論。第四講 研究題型一、研究題型的主要目的：1 幫助大家更好的了解所出現(xiàn)的題目的類(lèi)型。2 更好更全面的看待解題的方法。3 掌握一種趨勢(shì)。二、主要題型的出現(xiàn)：主要把題型分為五大類(lèi)（按照數(shù)學(xué)的方式）1 點(diǎn)：解詞釋義 (mean與前后相關(guān)聯(lián)，句與句之間的關(guān)系)2 線：推理判斷(inferassumesuggest)細(xì)節(jié)查找 (detail) 3 面：主旨大意 (topic ideaconclude proper ti

15、tlemain idea)4 體：True or False5常識(shí)：Common sense三、解決各類(lèi)題型的主要的方法： 點(diǎn)：主要是解釋或是猜想其生詞的意思，要是認(rèn)識(shí)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，不認(rèn)識(shí)的主要方法是：前后觀察要仔細(xì)，遇到生詞跳過(guò)去。 線：找出細(xì)節(jié)而且要準(zhǔn)確，這就要求大家改變閱讀習(xí)慣（實(shí)際上不科學(xué)），看文章時(shí)要求從中間看，而不是從左向右。方法是：橫看不行豎著看，眼球兩邊要轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。 面：把握主旨大意，不要全部看完文章，時(shí)間有限。把握開(kāi)篇和結(jié)尾，每段只看一句話，注意轉(zhuǎn)折與關(guān)聯(lián)，防止題旨在中間。體：這是考生在任何考試最不愿意看到的題形，根據(jù)出現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)可以分為三類(lèi)：一段中的對(duì)錯(cuò)，整篇文章的對(duì)錯(cuò)，長(zhǎng)難句的對(duì)錯(cuò)

16、（就是把長(zhǎng)難句拆長(zhǎng)很多小句來(lái)判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)）。那么解決的主要方法是：一般可以從有數(shù)字的答案入手，也就是說(shuō)的特別注意數(shù)字的重要性。一段對(duì)錯(cuò)可以找，全文對(duì)錯(cuò)不要了。Notice: 做題時(shí)應(yīng)該提筆畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)照題型沉思思，這些口訣是筆者在多年的教學(xué)中積累，希望能引起大家的重視。第五講 研究答案在本講當(dāng)中主要涉及到答案在考試過(guò)程當(dāng)中的出現(xiàn)頻率和可能會(huì)在下次考試中出現(xiàn)的可能性。這種方法確實(shí)是比較的唯心，希望大家能夠正確對(duì)待。一、研究的方面： 1 答案出現(xiàn)在考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率 2 長(zhǎng)短答案到底在有四級(jí)考試中何種規(guī)律3 哪些答案是更加容易迷惑考生或更傾向于不正確（干擾項(xiàng)研究） 4 到底什么答案更加傾向于正確答案

17、二、正態(tài)分布法 如何使用？ A,B,C,D均勻分布，但是正態(tài)分布法不適用于推測(cè)，適用于檢查。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在答案中的數(shù)量一定是較均勻的，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的情況。 三、長(zhǎng)短答案的研究 長(zhǎng)答案究竟正確與否？ 可以從短答案入手研究四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其信息點(diǎn)比較少，較容易判斷正誤，但不意味著短答案就一定是正確答案，之后再?gòu)拈L(zhǎng)答案入手。 長(zhǎng)短答案之間沒(méi)有必然聯(lián)系，也無(wú)絕對(duì)的正確錯(cuò)誤。四、干擾項(xiàng)的研究 干擾項(xiàng)的類(lèi)型主要分為三類(lèi)：數(shù)字干擾、近義詞或反義詞干擾、詞語(yǔ)反復(fù)的干擾項(xiàng)。 處理方法： 數(shù)字干擾：首先要在答案中去找有數(shù)字的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閿?shù)字是最明顯的最容易找到的東西。凡是答案不是一模一樣的就肯定是錯(cuò)的。 近反義詞

18、干擾：特別對(duì)于長(zhǎng)難句的分析，很有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)正義反說(shuō)和反義正說(shuō)的情況，請(qǐng)大家引起重視。近義詞范例：材料中是It is not important.答案就應(yīng)該是It is unimportant，但是選項(xiàng)中就變成了It may be unimportant 詞語(yǔ)反復(fù)干擾：用相關(guān)詞代替原文中的詞語(yǔ)，造成最大程度上的“象”，這是最可怕的。五、哪類(lèi)答案更傾向于正確 根據(jù)以上的分析，似乎沒(méi)有什么絕對(duì)的答案，但是實(shí)際上是有規(guī)律可尋找的，主要請(qǐng)大家注意我提到的以下幾個(gè)命題： 1 非完全正確、肯定、錯(cuò)誤的答案是正確答案。 2 一般非最長(zhǎng)短答案為正確答案。 3 總結(jié)性的，完全包含上下所有答案的答案是錯(cuò)誤的答案。

19、4 答案中和原文中幾乎一致的答案是錯(cuò)答案。 答案分析： C D出現(xiàn)頻率高， 長(zhǎng)短似乎不可靠。 看似相同卻不同， 洞穿干擾考得好。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)基礎(chǔ)閱讀例題分析抓住做題的方法，并在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中加以運(yùn)用。大部分題目，尤其是推理判斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題，先看題干畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵詞，再到文章中去分析文章。Passage OneMost people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But Agreement

20、ceases as soon as we attempt to define wisdom and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This

21、has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You

22、have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely

23、 unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowing the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybodys mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (無(wú)利害關(guān)系的)

24、 desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增強(qiáng))our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augm

25、ents our capacity for evil, if our purpose are unwise.題目：1 Disagreement arises when people try to decide_A) how much more wisdom we have now than before B) what wisdom is and how to develop it C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age D) whether wisdom can be developed or not 關(guān)鍵詞是disagree

26、ment 和arise2 According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _A) carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work B) give each important problem some careful consideration C) acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge D) give suitable consideration to all the possible e

27、lements in a problem 關(guān)鍵詞是wisdom, ability 3 Lowering the infant death-rate may _A) proved to be helpful everywhere in the worldB) give rise to an increase in population in Europe C) cause food shortages in Asia and Africa D) raise the living standard of the people in Africa 關(guān)鍵詞是lowering, infant death

28、-rate此題是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，因?yàn)閕nfant death-rate是一個(gè)具體事件4 the author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that_A) its extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem B) success in medical research has its negative effects C) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to t

29、he human race D) its unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine 關(guān)鍵詞是illustrate證明，point即是文章當(dāng)中的topic sentence5 what is the main idea of the passage?A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad manB) The more knowledge one has, the wis

30、er one becomesC) Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdomD) Wisdom increases in proportion to ones age前三題均為細(xì)節(jié)題，后兩題是主旨大意題?，F(xiàn)在采用定位法返回去看文章，憑借關(guān)鍵詞去閱讀文章。大意：很多人都認(rèn)為，盡管我們的時(shí)代在知識(shí)方面已經(jīng)超過(guò)了以往的時(shí)代。但是在智慧方面，還沒(méi)有相關(guān)（corresponding）的增長(zhǎng)。但當(dāng)我們嘗試對(duì)“智慧” 進(jìn)行定義和考慮提高智慧的方法時(shí)，這種共識(shí)就停止消失了。（

31、說(shuō)明大家對(duì)智慧的定義和如何提高智慧上存在著分歧）。當(dāng)我們說(shuō)到“智慧”的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該考慮到這樣幾個(gè)因素（factors），我首先考慮的是這些因素進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)：有考慮到問(wèn)題中主要矛盾的能力以及分別考慮到每個(gè)因素的分量的能力。因?yàn)楸患夹g(shù)人員所需要的特殊知識(shí)的范圍和復(fù)雜性，這一點(diǎn)比以前難了很多。 假設(shè)你從事于（be engaged in）醫(yī)藥科學(xué)方面的研究, 工作十分困難并很有可能（be likely to do）耗費(fèi)了你的全部精力。你沒(méi)有時(shí)間去考慮你在醫(yī)學(xué)方面的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造在此領(lǐng)域外會(huì)有什么效果。你的成功正如現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的成功一樣，很大程度上降低了歐洲、亞洲和非洲的嬰兒死亡率。但這完全無(wú)意地導(dǎo)致了食物供給不足和世

32、界人口大國(guó)生活水平的降低。 舉一個(gè)更加戲劇性更存在于人們腦海中的例子，你從無(wú)利害關(guān)系且渴望知識(shí)的目的出發(fā)去研究原子的構(gòu)成，但一個(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)被一個(gè)有權(quán)利而瘋狂的人所獲得，他就能運(yùn)用知識(shí)來(lái)毀滅人類(lèi)。所以，隨著知識(shí)和技能的增加，我們意識(shí)到自己目的的能力也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)，智慧也變得更加必要。如果我們的目的不明智，那就增強(qiáng)了我們走向邪惡的能力。分析：1 Disagreement arises when people try to decide_A) how much more wisdom we have now than before B) what wisdom is and how to develop

33、 it C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age D) whether wisdom can be developed or not 原文在第一段的最后一句，正確答案應(yīng)該是B。2 According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _A) carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work B) give each important problem some careful consideration

34、C) acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge D) give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem 原文在第二段的第二句。3 Lowering the infant death-rate may _A) proved to be helpful everywhere in the worldB) give rise to an increase in population in Europe C) cause food shortage

35、s in Asia and Africa D) raise the living standard of the people in Africa 原文在第三段的最后一句，正確答案是C。4 the author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that_A) its extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem B) success in medical research has its negative effects

36、 C) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race D) its unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine 文章中有兩個(gè)例子，用來(lái)說(shuō)明要全面地考慮問(wèn)題的方方面面是十分困難的。推理判斷題盡量不要選擇現(xiàn)象，如B、C、D。5 what is the main idea of the passage?A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the h

37、ands of a powerful mad manB) The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomesC) Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdomD) Wisdom increases in proportion to ones age主旨大意題，論點(diǎn)就在材料的開(kāi)頭。選項(xiàng)A是論據(jù)，選項(xiàng)B、D材料中沒(méi)有涉及，所以應(yīng)選C。TIPS:previous on固定搭配； 注意區(qū)別previous 和preciou

38、s；previous是形容詞，before是介詞。Corresponding 通信；相關(guān)的；聯(lián)系的。四級(jí)核心詞匯：promote和demote表示因素的核心詞匯：factor和element，前者較抽象，后者較具體。Capacity意為容量、定員、來(lái)源于capable能力，固定搭配為be capable of doing something, Used to do 過(guò)去常常做某事 used to be和過(guò)去一樣 be used to do 被用來(lái)做某事 used to doing something習(xí)慣于做某事表示“可能”的單詞里只有l(wèi)ikely 后面能跟do, 并且可能性最高。Discove

39、ry發(fā)現(xiàn)（本身存在于世界），invention發(fā)明（之前沒(méi)有）。Succeed后面接in，succeed in doing something，在表示“足夠”的單詞中，只有adequate是剛剛好的，其余的如plentiful和abandoned都有過(guò)多的意味。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)基礎(chǔ)閱讀例題分析第二篇Passage TwoFor any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some Londons biggest

40、 dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent overmanning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained. A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of

41、work is much slower here. Nobody tries too hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way. But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national produ

42、ct or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place. Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace ( except in the profitable, e

43、fficient City, the financial district). Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus: if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, oh dear, what a pity; the rubbish collectors stop to chat (聊天) and call the housewives Luv. Crime rises he

44、re as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit. In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.題目：1. What happens when disputes o

45、ver job opportunities arise among British unions?(A)Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.(B)More people will be employed than necessary.(C)More jobs will be created by the government.(D)The unions will try to increase productivity.可以看出本文主要講英國(guó)的工作問(wèn)題核心詞匯為dispute，固定用法后跟over或者 on注意ari

46、se這個(gè)高頻詞匯的運(yùn)用，尤其注意與rise的區(qū)別2.What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain? _(A)Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain.(B)Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way.(C)The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain.(

47、D)Britons give the impression of working intensively.Plants在這里指工廠，尤指手工行業(yè)的，如印刷等3.The breaks matter (Para. 2, Line 2) indicates that _.(A)they are an important aspect of the British way of life(B)they are greatly enjoyed by British workers(C)they can be used by the workers as an excuse to take time of

48、f from work(D)they help the workers to be on good terms with each other核心詞匯break突破、破壞4.The word this (Para. 3, Line 1) the author means to say that _.(A)there are more men on any given job than are needed(B)33 per cent overmanning leads to 33 per cent less productivity(C)it is difficult to measure t

49、he intensity of work(D)Britons generally do not want to work too hard5.By what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right (Para. 6, Line 1) the author means to say that _.(A)quarrels between unions will help create jobs(B)a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity(C)the gentle

50、tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place(D)Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further increase productivity定位這句話，以此句為核心聯(lián)系上下文文章分析：Britain指英倫三島，整個(gè)英國(guó)；England只代表三島中的英格蘭，不代表整個(gè)英國(guó)。而B(niǎo)ritons 是比較口語(yǔ)的表示英國(guó)人的方法。Given表示既定的、固有的；也可以作為介詞，用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于ifFleet Street艦隊(duì)街，倫敦著名街道，許多英國(guó)媒體駐扎

51、于此Daily日?qǐng)?bào)注意區(qū)別quarrel和argument，前者為爭(zhēng)吵，吵架；后者為爭(zhēng)執(zhí)Overmanning超出人力，over做前綴時(shí)表示過(guò)剩，過(guò)多Productive force和productivity都可以表示生產(chǎn)力Measure測(cè)量、方法、步驟Gross national product 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值Profit利潤(rùn)；benefit好處，利益。注意區(qū)別Out of stock沒(méi)有存貨，缺貨Tone語(yǔ)氣，stress語(yǔ)調(diào)，近義詞一定要注意加以區(qū)分試題分析：1. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among B

52、ritish unions?(A)Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.(B)More people will be employed than necessary.(C)More jobs will be created by the government.(D)The unions will try to increase productivity.返回第一段找到關(guān)鍵詞two unions和overmanning，就一目了然了，正確答案應(yīng)該是B2.What does the reporter who has vis

53、ited plants throughout Europe think about Britain? _(A)Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain.(B)Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way.(C)The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain.(D)Britons give the impression of working intensively.第二段開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)

54、出了reporter, A與材料無(wú)關(guān)，是一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)答案，C和D選項(xiàng)都與材料相反3.The breaks matter (Para. 2, Line 2) indicates that _.(A)they are an important aspect of the British way of life(B)they are greatly enjoyed by British workers(C)they can be used by the workers as an excuse to take time off from work(D)they help the workers to b

55、e on good terms with each other先找到The breaks matter, B以偏概全，茶歇被全英國(guó)的人所喜愛(ài)，而非只是英國(guó)工人們；C和D選項(xiàng)材料中都沒(méi)有提及，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是A4.The word this (Para. 3, Line 1) the author means to say that _.(A)there are more men on any given job than are needed(B)33 per cent overmanning leads to 33 per cent less productivity(C)it is di

56、fficult to measure the intensity of work(D)Britons generally do not want to work too hard返回原文找到“this”，應(yīng)該指前，指代英國(guó)人的生活方式。B選項(xiàng)的兩件事之間沒(méi)有關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)象，與文章無(wú)具體關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)片面概括，所以正確選項(xiàng)是A5.By what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right (Para. 6, Line 1) the author means to say that _.(A)quarrels between unions wi

57、ll help create jobs(B)a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity(C)the gentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place(D)Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further increase productivity解詞釋義題，找到題干中的句子，A選項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)象，不全面；B選項(xiàng)不符合常識(shí)；C選項(xiàng)舒適并不是指人們說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)調(diào)，正確答案是D大學(xué)

58、英語(yǔ)四級(jí)基礎(chǔ)閱讀例題分析第三篇Passage ThreeResearchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (認(rèn)知的) areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert (警覺(jué)的) and receptive

59、 (接受能力強(qiáng)的) if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits o

60、f challenging the brain that they are putting, the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information. says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific tra