2023年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)第18講 完形填空記敘文（新高考15空）（講）（全國(guó)通用學(xué)案）

1、2023年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)第18講完形填空記敘文（新高考15空）（講）【考綱考情】新高考完形填空以記敘文為主，以?shī)A敘夾議、說(shuō)明文為輔。主題語(yǔ)境包括人與自我，人與社會(huì)，人與 自然?？键c(diǎn)多以實(shí)詞為主，其中包括動(dòng)詞，名詞以及形容詞。考察重點(diǎn)在上下文語(yǔ)境理解上，詞匯運(yùn)用次 之。每題給出的單詞多為同一類(lèi)詞。文章選材還會(huì)繼續(xù)依據(jù)普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和中國(guó)高考評(píng)價(jià)體系, 落實(shí)立德樹(shù)人根本任務(wù)，進(jìn)一步深化對(duì)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面開(kāi)展的引導(dǎo)。所設(shè)的選項(xiàng)更具有干擾性，更加 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)境的考查?！究键c(diǎn)梳理】解題步驟：第一步通覽全文明大意做完形填空題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)首句給出的提示，借助文中的關(guān)鍵詞，簡(jiǎn)要了解文章大意，快速通讀全

2、文，抓住 主線(xiàn)，理清脈絡(luò)，把握全篇，第二步先易后難逐級(jí)填.句內(nèi)層次題-邊讀邊填根據(jù)第一遍瀏覽時(shí)的印象，分清設(shè)空屬于哪種設(shè)題類(lèi)型，在碰到句內(nèi)層次題時(shí)，可以邊讀邊結(jié)合已經(jīng)掌握 的信息做出選擇，如有必要，可再回讀相關(guān)句子.句組層次題-前后看看碰到句組層次翻時(shí)，先放下該空，采用跳讀的方法，繼續(xù)閱讀與其相鄰的幾個(gè)句子，查找相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)，然 后細(xì)讀，準(zhǔn)確理解句意，選擇符合語(yǔ)境的答案。.語(yǔ)篇層次題-最后決斷對(duì)于語(yǔ)篇層次題，需要綜合全篇信息作答，所以，語(yǔ)篇層次題考查的是綜合邏輯分析能力。在做這類(lèi)題目 時(shí)，不要急于作答，一定要等到信息足夠明了，放到最后再作判斷。第三步復(fù)核驗(yàn)證讀全篇填空全部完成后，將選項(xiàng)代入原文，

3、通讀一遍，看讀文是否流暢、語(yǔ)意是否連貫，對(duì)感到很不通順的地方, 可以從語(yǔ)法、詞文、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配、背景知識(shí)等方面進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和確定答案。解題口訣：句內(nèi)層次最簡(jiǎn)單，根據(jù)便能填。句組層次也不難，放下該空前后看。語(yǔ)篇層次確實(shí)難，解題信息找不全。此類(lèi)問(wèn)題不要慌，放眼全篇組思量。句內(nèi)句組不能解，暫時(shí)跳過(guò)放一放。等到信息足夠全，綜合思維把它判。解題技巧一、利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語(yǔ)義銜接手段,它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞 等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理 解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境利用文章中的語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)選擇正

4、確的答案。1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【例】（2020全國(guó)卷 I） One day theyll 47, wake up and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49. parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50. consequences. I have a very strong 51. fear that the lie were telling is doing 52. spiritual damage to ou

5、r children.48.A.dream B. lie C.fantasy D. fact【答案】B【解析】本起可以利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。由下文的“I have a very strong 5L fear that the lie”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可 知正確選項(xiàng)。2.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)【例（2021-3 月天津卷）For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike las

6、t September. But soon enough, his 17, emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18. instead.16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened【答案】B【解析】此題可以利用同義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustratiorT可知此處和 “anger”“frustratiorT是同

7、義詞，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。3.反義復(fù)現(xiàn)【例（2021 新高考 I 卷）Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first ni

8、ght,it was all a little more high- pressure than Pd 52. expected.50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper【答案】A【解析】此題可以利用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。盡管前文提到了“Our48. roles in the factory were simple”,根據(jù)下文中 的“the cakes pile upn,a little more high-pressure”可知，作者想表達(dá)實(shí)際上作者他們的工作并不像聽(tīng)上去那么 簡(jiǎn)單，harder與simple構(gòu)成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。4.代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【例】 （2016全國(guó)卷 I

9、） Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58. free to go. They let him and the otherman go. 57.A.woman B.police C.man D. driver【答案】B【解析】此題可以利用代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的“They”可知，拉里問(wèn)是否還需要他，問(wèn)的對(duì)象肯 定是這些急救人員。下

10、文中的代詞“they”是復(fù)數(shù)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有police是集合名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)，也符合常 識(shí)。二、利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯， 它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線(xiàn)索,可以幫助我們快速確 定某些題目的正確答案?！纠?1 （2021 浙江卷 1 月）My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhab

11、ited（棲息）by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, neverseen.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention【答案】A【解析】此題可以利用作者態(tài)度或感

12、情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)處后半句“my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive,“了解我的工作成果（work）將會(huì)在未來(lái)數(shù)年都在這個(gè)山坡上“，作者 對(duì)自己的工作有十足的滿(mǎn)足感，故用satisfaction“滿(mǎn)足，滿(mǎn)足感”。三、利用邏輯關(guān)系解題在句組層次題中,利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法【例（2021 天津卷 3 月）In addition to 31 .practical skills, Pruitts lessons teach teamwork, encourage selfworth, a

13、nd promote feelings of community. 32 ,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.32.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Somehow D.Meanwhile【答案】D【解析】此題考查連接詞，可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示與此同時(shí)，孩子們也獲得了 成就感otherwise否貝U,不然”;however但是;somehow”以某種方式”;meanwhile”與此同時(shí)”。四、利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題在句組層次題中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境暗示來(lái)解題，即根據(jù)信息,推導(dǎo)出正確

14、答 案。【例】（2021 全國(guó)卷甲）Burchill was 41 .staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42. visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni（辣香腸）from back east. So he 44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.44.A.filled B.lockedC.abandoned D. lost【答案】A【解析】此題可以利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)上文They had

15、 asked him to 43. bring some pepperoni（辣香 腸）from back east”,可推知Burchill應(yīng)該是裝了一手提箱的辣香腸帶給朋友，此題選A符合上下文語(yǔ)境?！绢}型剖析】A（2022全國(guó)高考真題）Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them,this 25-year-old is doing it . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,

16、stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive 2, but the couplehas an unusual way to make their travel 3.Theyre part of a new form of the 4 economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in 5 homes, they feed pets and water plants in

17、the homeowners 6.Its not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 7 their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 8. But house sitting also offers a level of 9 they cant find in a hotel.“Its like 10 at a friend house J Jessica says.The couple has a high 11 ra

18、te in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond thehomeowners 12. For Jessica, that means 13 plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 14 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. You want to make thehomeowner feel that they made the right 15/ she sa

19、ys.A. indoorsA. gameA. safeA. localA. strangers9A. favorA. planA. buyA. supportA. cookingA. successA. budgetA. admiringA. cleanA. guessB , onlineserviceB. busyB , private B. parents B. defense B explain B. transport B comfort B staying B survival B. abilities B. donating B. open B , decisionC. singl

20、e-handedC. vacationC. helpfulC. sharingC. co-workers9C. honorC. compareC. chooseC , controlC. waitingC growthC. expectationsC. sendingC. simpleresponseBfull-timeD. procedureD. affordableD. agriculturalD. neighbors9D. absenceD. completeD. pleaseD. attentionD. studyingD. unemploymentD. understandingD.

21、 borrowingD. emptyD. impression（2021 全國(guó)高考真題）Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,andhas even learned to 16 different dialects （方言），leading to him being described as an Oscar-winning actor11.The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a 17 However,he is more devoted t

22、o his 18 thanany real actor.In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the19, Wang disguised （偽裝）himself and 20 the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave himthe 21 of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the 22 of the begg

23、ars.“I often 23 them to drink alcohol. Once they were 24 .they began to talk a lot,nWang said.Td then 25myself to use the toilet, 26 what the beggars said, and send the 27 to myteammates.Wang, who is often in 28 situations, is also a judo （柔道） master. As long as I get closeenough, no criminal can 29 from me, he said.Wan