名詞代詞文檔

1、名詞的數(shù)1可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞A、不可數(shù)名詞，初中階段常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ;orange （桔汁）;fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper （紙）;time （時間）；music ; weather ; grass ;news ; food ; fish （魚肉）;coke ; porridge ; cake （可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）.不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1）前無數(shù)、冠，后無復(fù)數(shù)；作主語為三單2）表量用約數(shù)some /any ; much ; a lot of或用of短語e

2、g. There is bread on the table.A. a B. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is some on the plate.A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)A、不規(guī)則變化：manmen ; woma n wome n ;child childre npolicema n policeme nEn glishma n En glishme nFren chma n Fren chme nfoot feet ; tooth teeth mouse （鼠）一miceB、規(guī)則變化1）s; sh

3、; ch; x 結(jié)尾加 es 讀iz2）ce; se; ze; （d） ge 結(jié)尾力口 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz3） f （fe）結(jié)尾則變 f （fe）為 v 加 es-讀vzeg. kni ves n aivz4）輔+y ”結(jié)尾變y為i加es清就清s5）般加s濁就濁zeg. booksbuks pen spe nz babiesbeibiz但注意以下幾點：potatopotatoes ; tomato tomatoes單復(fù)同形：fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese由man , woman在詞首構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞

4、應(yīng)將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù)man doctor men doctorsreef reefs某國人”的復(fù)數(shù)：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面.eg. Germa n Germa nspeople , police 常用單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)概念The police are looking for the missing boy.3、 名詞所有格：名詞s （意思是“的”）A.有生命的名詞所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1）表兩者共有則在后者加“s”Lucy and Lily s father露西和莉莉的父親Lucy s and Lily s fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親.2）以 s 結(jié)尾的詞只加” eg.

5、 1） the boys books2） Jamesfather3）無生命的名詞所有格用of來引導(dǎo) eg. the leg of the desk4）雙重所有格：a friend of my father s a friend of mine （ V ） a friend of my （ x ）一找出下列笑話中的可數(shù)名詞，并寫出其復(fù)數(shù)形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller “ How much is this cat, please? ”“ 100 dollars.”“ Butyou only asked for 20 dollars yesterda

6、y! ”“ Yes, thats true. But this cat ate a bird last night andthe bird was worth 80 dollars! ”二找出不可數(shù)名詞，在橫線上打勾，并將可數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式：homework half advice money kno wledgeboot music chicke n mouth breadin formati on milk cow orange water三選擇填空：The deer has four.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. footsHer two brothers a

7、re both.A. policema n B. policema nsC. policeme n D. policeme nsThere are four and two in the group.A. Japa nese, Germe n B. Japa neses, Germe n C. Japa nese. Germa nsTwo would come to the village.A. woma n-doctors B. wome n doctor C. wome n doctors D. woma n doctorsCan you see nine in the picture?A

8、. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horseThe has two.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watchThe boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teethsThe Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woma n B. wome n C. man D. menThere are lots o

9、f in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatossThe cat caught two last ni ght.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices四名詞所有格練習(xí)： （李明的父母）work in a big hospital.This is （我妹妹的語文書） （John 禾廿 Sally 的母親）are American. （王平和王明的父親 ）is a hotel manager.Is this （你的好朋友的鋼筆）？They are （Peter 禾廿 Sa

10、m 的老師）. （教師節(jié)）is on September 10th . （學(xué)生們的桌椅 ）are very new.We are very happy on （兒童節(jié)）. （趙敏的鞋）are white. 五名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習(xí)：There are （58 個學(xué)生）in our class.There are （22 個孩子）in the room.I can see （六杯茶）on the table.There are （44 位女老師）in her school.We can see （18 個婦女）over there. （多少幅畫）are there in you bedroom

11、?I have （3 本字典）.Our school has （2 個圖書館）.There are （12 個月）in a year.There are （13 輛公共汽車）on the street.初中英語語法代詞復(fù)習(xí)講解代詞是代替名詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、 反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞等。.人稱代詞物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，開2容詞性 my、your、his、her、 its、our、your、their 名詞性 mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、

12、yours、theirs反身代詞表示”我自己”，”你自己”，他自己”，我們自己”，你們自己”等表示自身或強調(diào)自身的代詞稱為反 身代詞。（動詞所表達(dá)的動作返回到動作者本身）反身代詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其形式如下表： 單數(shù)： myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、 復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves、yourselves、themselves指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代上下文中出現(xiàn)的人或事的代詞。單數(shù) this， that，it， such , same復(fù)數(shù) these, thosesuch same不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì)

13、，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，沒有確定的對象而有非確定的特指意義。在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some 與 any1） some any相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，作定語時均可以代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。some多用于肯定句，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。表示“一些，幾個”。作形容詞時，后面可 以接不 可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中，表示“一些，任何”，在句中用作主語、賓語、 定語。用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。2）、if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，用any不用some.If you h

14、ave any mon ey,buy some books. If you have any questi ons, please ask me.3） 、：在表示請求、勸告、邀請、或不希望對方拒絕的疑問句中用some而不用any。Will you give me some water?Would you like some meat?Could I have some apples?May I ask some questio ns?Why not buy some fruit for her?4）、some和any可以用來修飾單數(shù)名詞，any用在肯定句中時，意思是任何的”。Any stude

15、 nt can an swer this questi on.You can take any book you like.Some day Chin ese people will fly to the moon.You may come at any time.5）、any也可與比較級連用，表示程度。Is she any better taday?few, a few, little, a little用法用于可數(shù)名詞用于不可數(shù)名詞表示肯定概念a few雖少，但有幾個a little，雖少，但有一點表示否定概念few不多，幾乎沒有l(wèi)ittle不多，沒有什么1）、它們在句中都可作主語、賓語和

16、定語。Few of us have bee n to Beiji ng.I know little about the book.There is a little water in thia bottle.He has few frien ds.2）、a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。rm a little hungry.（修飾形容詞 hungry）Let him sleep a little.（修飾動詞 sleep）Mary, go a little faster, please.（修飾副詞比較級）She slept

17、 very little last ni ght.other, the other, others, the others, ano ther,other某一個，另一些，其他的。不能單獨使用，后面需跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指別的。others其它。必須單獨使用，泛指別人或別的東西。常用于“someothers結(jié)構(gòu)。the other兩個中的 另一個，剩下的一個。特指。常用于“onethe other”結(jié)構(gòu)。the others其他全部，其余的。表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。The other +單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的另一個或幾個，特指。an other另一個（指多個中的任何一個）可單獨

18、用，也可接單數(shù)名詞，還可接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表 示另幾個, 再幾個。Where are his other books?Some are red,a nd others are black.She has two sisters ,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher.Some went to the cin ema, others went swimmi ng.In our class only Tom is En glish, the others are Chin ese.Would you have ano ther cup of tea?You can

19、 see ano ther ship in the sea, cant you?Show me ano ther on e,please?rm still hungry afterve had this cake. Please give me ano ther.every 與 eacheach每一個，強調(diào)個別情況。主、賓、定、狀 者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物。，可單獨使用，可做代名詞、形容詞、用于兩every每一個，強調(diào)整體， 或三者以上每一個人或物。“每個都”“人人都”，只作定語，不可單獨使用，僅作形容詞，用于三者The teacher gave a toy to each child.E

20、ach ball has a different colour.（定）I gave each an apple whe n they came.（賓）當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說 every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。Every stude nt loves the En glish teacher. = All stude nts love the En glish teacher.Every child like

21、s play ing. = All childre n like play ing.1）、只能說 each of ,不能說 every of ,every one = eachEach of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2） 、each every作定語時，后加單數(shù)名詞；each作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each stude nt has a book.Every stude nt has a book.3）表達(dá)每幾個”，只能用everyEvery four days 每四天Every other day 每隔一天Every few metres 每隔

22、幾米9、復(fù)合不定代詞-由 some ,any , no, every 力口上-body ,-one,-thing 構(gòu)成。1）.在句中作主、賓、表。復(fù)合不定代詞一般用作單數(shù)。Nobody is abse nt.Do you n eed any thi ng?Grammer is not everyth ing.2）、復(fù)合不定代詞被定語修飾時，定語須放在它們后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Is there anything importa nt?Anything else ？3）由some組成的不定代詞用于肯定句，由any合成的不定代詞用于否定句，

23、疑問和條件句，有些疑問句在表示請求、建議和反問時，也可以用some合成的不定代詞。4）.everyone每一個人，人人，大家，單獨使用，不可接of短語。every one 個人，一件事情。一般要接of短語。5），由any合成的不定代詞，不能在否定句中作主語。女口：不能說：Anybody doesn t go to see the film.而應(yīng)改成：Nobody goes to see the film.相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other和one another兩種形式。1）、作賓語：each other兩個人的關(guān)系one ano ther兩個以上的人之間的

24、相互關(guān)系在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another在運用中沒有什么區(qū)別。Did you know each other at that time?The stude nts ofte n help each other.We haven t seen one another for a long time.2）、作定語：作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。each other sone ano ther sWe ofte n correct each others mistakes.They are in terested in one ano thers secret.疑問代詞

25、一般都放在句首，用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞，在句子中作為某一句子成分。疑問代詞有 指 人：who, whom, whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：whichWhose is this shirt?=Whose shirt is this?Whose sweaters are these?=Whose are these sweaters?Nobody but was prese nt at the meeti ng. a.he b.him c.his d.she2.She hit him on head. a.the b.his c.her d.he sThis dictio

26、nary is hers, that one is . a.myself b.my c.med.mi nehas happe ned and did it?a.Who,who b.What,who c.What ,what d.Who,whatis the best seas on of the year?a.When b.What c.Which d.What timeare you looki ng for? a.Whose b.Whom c.Which d.WhereDid you enjoy_at the party last Saturday?A. yourself b.you c.yourselves d.youselvesHe tried to make un derstood. a.him b.he c.himself d.hisThe two of them help _ . a.each other b.one another c.to each otherThey had to say someth ing _ .a.one another b.each other c.to each other d.for one anotherThey ofte n help to correct mistake