汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油路測(cè)量設(shè)備的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)

1、無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（相關(guān)資料）題目：汽車(chē)發(fā)油路壓力測(cè)量設(shè)備的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)信 機(jī) 系機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化 專(zhuān) 業(yè)學(xué)號(hào)：0923154學(xué)生：指導(dǎo)教師：（：）（：）2013 年 5 月 25 日目錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（）開(kāi)題二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（）外文資料翻譯及原文三、學(xué)生“（）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及表”四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（開(kāi)題）題目：汽車(chē)發(fā)油路壓力測(cè)量設(shè)備的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)信 機(jī) 系 機(jī) 械 工 程 及 自 動(dòng) 化專(zhuān) 業(yè)號(hào)：0923154學(xué)：學(xué)生指導(dǎo)教師：（：）（：）2012 年 11 月 14 日課題來(lái)源自擬題目科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）課題科學(xué)意義

2、目前在評(píng)估新品開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)的噴油泵和噴油嘴的性能時(shí)，在產(chǎn)品改進(jìn)和新品試制過(guò)，為了獲得良好的性能指標(biāo)，往往需要對(duì)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行大量的調(diào)試工作，也常以多參數(shù)的電測(cè)量作為考核項(xiàng)目之一。汽車(chē)發(fā)油路壓力測(cè)量設(shè)備的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景過(guò)這一油管殘留壓力測(cè)試裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，我認(rèn)識(shí)到一套測(cè)量裝置的設(shè)計(jì)方案、步驟、驗(yàn)證等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，以及每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)所涉及到各個(gè)知識(shí)。是對(duì)我大學(xué)所學(xué)知識(shí)一個(gè)總結(jié)和檢驗(yàn)。對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)有關(guān)參數(shù)的測(cè)試方法、測(cè)試系統(tǒng)、測(cè)試儀表以及測(cè)量結(jié)果的誤差分析和數(shù)椐處理知識(shí)，已成為整個(gè)內(nèi)燃機(jī)系統(tǒng)研究的一個(gè)重要組成部分。通過(guò)這一油管殘留壓力測(cè)試裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，使我懂得了測(cè)試技術(shù)不僅是一項(xiàng)理論性較強(qiáng)的技術(shù)，更是一項(xiàng)涉及到機(jī)械

3、、電氣、電子、傳感器及計(jì)算機(jī)等多個(gè)學(xué)科的實(shí)用技術(shù)，它是由各種技術(shù)相互交叉、滲透、有機(jī)結(jié)合的一門(mén)綜合性學(xué)科，具有很強(qiáng)的系統(tǒng)性和實(shí)用性。研究?jī)?nèi)容噴油泵的參數(shù)選擇及其對(duì)柴油機(jī)性能的影響噴油泵的參數(shù)選擇及其對(duì)柴油機(jī)性能的影響機(jī)械傳動(dòng)選用及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 掌握油路原來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)變換的原理、性質(zhì)柴油發(fā)油路壓力測(cè)量設(shè)備校驗(yàn)壓電壓力傳感器擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析實(shí)驗(yàn)方案本所所采用的壓電式傳感器的靈敏度的標(biāo)定值基本保持不變。高壓油管中的殘留壓力測(cè)定應(yīng)是油管泵端壓力，嘴端壓力的測(cè)量的一個(gè)組成部分，泵端壓力、嘴端壓力的波形相迭加，才是更準(zhǔn)確的壓力波形。高壓油管嘴端壓力、針閥體壓力室的壓力的相位，大小均不

4、同。研究方法 在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量化矩陣條件下，分析一個(gè)圖像的原始圖像和重構(gòu)圖像的差別。 在不同的量化矩陣條件下，對(duì)同一個(gè)圖像做不同的量化，在不同的壓縮比下，分析重構(gòu)圖像。研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果研究計(jì)劃：2012 年 11 月 12 日-2012 年 12 月 25 日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題書(shū)。2013 年 1 月 11 日-2013 年 3 月 5 日：填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)。2013 年 3 月 8 日-2013 年 3 月 14 日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題。2013 年 3 月 15 日-2013 年 3 月 21 日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。2013 年 3 月 2

5、2 日-2013 年 4 月 11 日：汽車(chē)發(fā)測(cè)量設(shè)備機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)習(xí)。2013 年 4 月 12 日-2013 年 4 月 25 日：測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)。2013 年 4 月 26 日-2013 年 5 月 25 日：撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。預(yù)期成果：達(dá)到預(yù)期的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：通過(guò)這一油管殘留壓力測(cè)試裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，我認(rèn)識(shí)到一套測(cè)量裝置的設(shè)計(jì)方案、步驟、驗(yàn)證等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，以及每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)所涉及到各個(gè)知識(shí)。是對(duì)我大學(xué)所學(xué)知識(shí)一個(gè)總結(jié)和檢驗(yàn)。對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)有關(guān)參數(shù)的測(cè)試方法、測(cè)試系統(tǒng)、測(cè)試儀表以及測(cè)量結(jié)果的誤差分析和數(shù)椐處理知識(shí)，已成為整個(gè)內(nèi)燃機(jī)系統(tǒng)研究的一個(gè)重要組成部分。特色或創(chuàng)新之處 使用編程仿真，效果明顯，方便改變參量，能夠直觀判斷實(shí)

6、驗(yàn)結(jié)果。 采用固定某些參量、改變某些參量來(lái)研究問(wèn)題的方法，思路清晰，簡(jiǎn)潔明了，行之有效。已具備的條件和尚需解決 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案思路已經(jīng)非常明確，已經(jīng)具備使用編程仿真的能力和圖像處理方面的知識(shí)。 使用編程的能力尚需加強(qiáng)。指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年月日教研室（學(xué)科組、）意見(jiàn)教研室簽名：年月日系意見(jiàn)主管簽名：年月日英文原文Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving systemAmong the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very importantpart i

7、nthe reliable carrying of material over long distanat competitive costConveyorsystems havee larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through apros of evolution and will continue to do soNowadays，bigger belts require moreer andhave brought the need for larger individual drives a

8、s well as multiple drivech as 3 drives of750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)The ability tocontrol drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors performanceAn efficient drivesystem should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maaining belt

9、 tens withhespecified safe limitsFor load sharing on multiple drivestorque and speed control are alsoimportant considerationshe drive systems design. Due to the advanin conveyor drivecontrol technology，at present many more reliableCost-effective and performance-drivenconveyor drive systems covering

10、a wide range ofer are available for customers choi1.1ysis on conveyor drive technologies11 Direct drivesFull-voltage startersWifull-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupledto the motor through the gear driveDirect full-voltage starters are adequate for relativelylow-er, simpl

11、e-profile conveyorsWith direct fu11-voltage startersno control is provided forvarious conveyor loads anddepending on the ratio betn fu11- and no-1oowerrequirements，empty starting times can be three or four times fastern full loadThemaenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliableHo

12、wever, they cannotcontrol starting torque andsimple-profile conveyor beum stall torque；thereforethey are limited to the low-riveser,Reduced-voltage startersAs conveyormotor torque during the acceleration perioder requirements increase，controlling the appdes increasingly importantBecause motortorque

13、1s a function of voltage，motor voltage must be controlledThis can be achieved through reduced-voltage starters by employing a silicon controlled rectifier(SCR)A common startingmethod with SCR reduced-voltage starters is to apply low voltage initially to take up conveyorbelt slackand then to apply a

14、timed linear rup to full voltage and belt speedHowever, thisstarting method will not produce constant conveyor belt accelerationWhen acceleration is completethe SCRs, which control the appd voltage to the electric motor are locked in full conduction, providing fu11-line voltage to the motorMotors wi

15、th higher torque and pullup torque，can provide better starting torque when combined with the SCR starters, which are available in sizes up to 750 KWWound rotor induction motorsWound rotor induction motors are connected directly to thedrive system reducer and are a modified configuration of a standar

16、d AC induction motorByinsertingin series with the motors rotor windingsthe modified motor control systemcontrols motor torqueFor conveyor starting，initial torqueAs the conveyor accelerates，theis placed in series with the rotor for lowis reduced slowly to maain a constantacceleration torqueOn multipl

17、e-drive systemsan external slip resistor may be left in series with the rotor windings to aid in load sharingThe motor systems have a relatively simpledesignHowever, the control systems for these can be highly complex，because they are based oncomputer control of theswitchingToday，the majority of con

18、trol systems are customdesigned to meet a conveyor systems particular specificationsWound rotor motors areappropriate for systems requiring moren 400 kW DC motorDC motorsavailable from a fraction of thousands of kW ，are designed tiverconstant torque below base speed and constant kW above base speed

19、to therevolutions per minute(r/min)with the majority of conveyor drives, aum allowablet wound motor isusedWherehe motors roing armature is connected externallyThe most commontechnology for controlling DC drives is a SCR device which allows for continual variable-speedoperationThe DC drive system is

20、mechanically simple, ban include complex custom-designedelectronics to monitor and control the complete systemThis system option is expensive incomparison to other soft-start systemsbut it is a reliable, cost-effective drive in applications in which torque,1oad sharing and variable speed are primary

21、 considerationsDC motors generallyare used with highower conveyors，including complex profile conveyors with multiple-drivesystems，booster tripper systems needing belt ten variable-speed range12 Hydrokinetic couplingcontrol and conveyors requiring a wideHydrokinetic couplings，commonly referred to as

22、fluid couplingsare comed of threebasic elements; the driven impeller, which acts as a centrifugal pump；the driving hydraulicturbine known as the runner and a casingt encloses the twoer componentsHydraulic fluidis pumped from the driven impeller to the driving runner, producing torque at the drivensh

23、aftBecause circulating hydraulic fluid produthe torque and speed，no mechanicalconnection is required betn the driving and driven shaftsTheroduced by thiscoupling is based on the circulated fluids amount and density and the torque in proportion toinput speedBecause the pumaction withhe fluid coupling

24、 depends on centrifugalforthe output speed is lessn the input speedReferred to as slipthis normally is betnl% and 3%Basic hydrokinetic couplings are available in configurations from fractional to several thousand kW Fixed-fill fluid couplingsFixed-fill fluid couplings are the most commonly used soft

25、-startdevifor conveyors with simpler belt profiles and limited convex/concave sectionsThey arerelatively simple,1ow-cost,reliable,maenance free deviresults to the majority of belt conveyors in use todayt provide excellent soft startingVariable-fill drain couplingsDrainable-fluid couplings work on th

26、e same principle asfixed-fill couplingsThe couplings impellers are mounted on the AC motor and the runners on the driven reducer high-speed shaftHousing mounted to the drive base encloses the workingcircuitThe couplings roing casing contains bleed-off orifit continually allow fluid toexit the workin

27、g circuito a separate hydraulic reservoirOil from the reservoir is pumpedthrough a heat exchanger to a solenoid-operated hydraulic valvet controls the filling of thefluid couplingTo control the starting torque of a single-drive conveyor system，the AC motorcurrent must be monitored to provide feedbac

28、k to the solenoid control valveVariable fill draincouplings are usededium to high-kW conveyor systems and are available in sizes up tothousands of kW The drives can be mechanically complex and depending on the controlparametersthe system can be electronicallydepending upon size specifiedricateThe dr

29、ive system cost is medium to high,Hydrokinetic scoop control driveThe scoop control fluid coupling consists of the threestandard fluid coupling components：a driven impeller, a driving runner and a casingt enclosesthe working circuitThe casing is fitted with fixed orifit bleed a predetermined amount

30、ofo the reservoir, the coupling is l00fluido a reservoirWhen the scoop tube is fully extendedpercent filledThe scoop tube, extending outside the fluid coupling，isactuator to engage the tube from the fully retracted to the fully engageditioned using an electricitionThis controlprovides reasonably smo

31、occeleration ratesto but the computer-based control system is verycomplexScoop control couplings are appd on conveyors requiring single or multiple drives from l50 kW to 750 kW.13 Variable-frequency control(VFC)Variable frequency control is also one of the direct drive methodsThe emphasizingdiscusab

32、out it here is becauset is so unique characteristic and so good performancecompared with other driving methods for belt conveyor VFC deviProvide variable frequencyand voltage to the induction motor, resulting in an excellent starting torque and acceleration ratefor belt conveyor drivesVFC drivesavai

33、lable from fractional to several thousand(kW ), areelectronic controllerst rectify AC lineer to DC and，through an inverter, convert DC backto AC with frequency and voltage contro1VFC drives adopt vector control or direct torque control(DTC)technology，and can adopt different operating speeds accordin

34、g to different loadsVFC drives can make starting or stalling according to any given S-curvesrealizing theautomatic track for starting or stalling curvesVFC drives provide excellent speed and torquecontrol for starting conveyor beltsand cso be designed to provide load sharing for multipledriveseasily

35、 VFC controllers are frequently installed on lowowered conveyor drives，butwhen used at the range of medium-high voltagehe pastthe structure of VFC controllerses very complicated due to the limiion of voltage rating ofer semiconductor devi，the combination of medium-high voltage drives and variable sp

36、eed is often solved withlow-voltage inverters using step-up transformer at the output，or with multiple low-voltageinverters connected in seriesThree-level voltage-fedconverter systems are recentlyshowing increasing popularity for multi-megawatt industrial drive applications because of easyvoltage sh

37、aring betn the series deviand improved harmonic quality at the outpomparedto two-level converter systems With simple series connection of deviThis kind of VFC systemwith three 750 kW /23kV inverters has been sucsfully installed in ChengZhuang Mine for one27-km long belt conveyor driving system in fo

38、llowing the principle of three-level inverter will bediscussed in detail2 Neutral pocled()three-level inverter usingsThree-level voltage-fed inverters have recentlye more and more popular for higherer drive applications because of their easy voltage sharing features1ower dv/dt per switchingfor each

39、of the devi，and superior harmonic quality at the outputThe availability of HV-shas led to the design of a new range of medium-high voltage inverter using three-leveltopologyThis kind of inverter can realize a whole range wivoltage rating from 23 kV to 416 kV Series connection of HV-modules is usedhe

40、 33 kV and 41 6 kV deviTheper switch2,3.23 kV inverters need only one HV-21er sectionTo meet the demands for medium voltage applicationsa three-level neutral pocledinverter realizes theer sectionIn comparison to a two-level invertertheinverter offersthe benefitt three voltage levels can bed to the o

41、utput terminals，so for the same outputcurrent quality，only 1/4 of the switching frequency is nesaryMoreover the voltage ratings ofthe switches ininverter topology will be reduced to 1/2and the additional transient voltagestress on the motor cso be reduced to 1/2 compared tot of a two-level inverterT

42、he switching ses of a three-level inverter are summarizedable 1UV and W denoteeach of the three phases respectively；P N and O are the dc bus posThe phase U，for exle，is in se P(itive bus voltage)when the switches S1u and S2u are closed，whereas it is in se N(negative bus voltage) when the switches S3u

43、and S4u are closedAt neutral pocling，thephase is in O se when either S2u or S3u conducts depending onitive or negative phase currentpolarity，respectivelyFor neutral po be zero22 Line side convertervoltage balancing，the average current injected at O shouldFor standard applicationsa l2-pulse diode rec

44、tifier feeds the divided DC-link capacitorThistopologyrodulow harmonics on the line sideFor even higher requirements a 24-pulsediode rectifier can be used as an inponverterFor more advanced applications whereregeneration capability is nesary, an active frontend converter can replace the diode rectif

45、ier,using the same structure as the inverter23 Inverter controlMotor Contro1Motor control of induction machines is realized by using a rotor fluxoriented vector controllerFig2 shows the block diagram of indirect vector controlled drivet incorporates bothconstant torque and high speed field-weakening

46、 regions where themodulator was usedInthis figure，thed fluxthree-level inverter using HV-s together with the control strategy of rotor field-orientedvector control for induction motor drive is excellent for belt conveyor driving system中文譯文帶式輸送機(jī)及其牽引系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)送大量的物料時(shí)，帶式輸送機(jī)在長(zhǎng)距離的中起到了非常重要的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用。輸送系統(tǒng)將會(huì)變得更大、更復(fù)雜，而

47、驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)也已經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)演變過(guò)程，并將繼續(xù)這樣下去。如今，較大的輸送帶和多驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)需要更大的功率,比如 3 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)需要給輸送帶 750KW (成莊煤礦輸送機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求)。控制驅(qū)動(dòng)力和加速度扭矩是輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵。一個(gè)高效的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該能順利的運(yùn)行,同時(shí)保持輸送帶在指定的安全極限負(fù)荷內(nèi)。為了負(fù)載分配在多個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)上，扭矩和速度控制在驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中也是很重要的。由于輸送機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)控制技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,目前可靠的低成本和高效驅(qū)動(dòng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可供顧客選擇1。帶式輸送機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)帶式輸送機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)方式全電壓?jiǎn)?dòng)在全電壓?jiǎn)?dòng)設(shè)計(jì)中，帶式輸送機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸通過(guò)齒輪傳動(dòng)直接連接到電機(jī)。直接全壓驅(qū)動(dòng)沒(méi)有為變化的傳送負(fù)載提供任何控制,根據(jù)

48、滿載和空載功率需求的比率，空載啟動(dòng)時(shí)比滿載可能4倍。此種方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:免,啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，低成本，可靠性高。但是，不能控制啟動(dòng)扭矩和最大停止扭矩。因此，這種方式只用于低功率,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的傳送驅(qū)動(dòng)中。降壓?jiǎn)?dòng)隨著傳送驅(qū)動(dòng)功率的增加,在加速期間控制使用的電機(jī)扭矩變得越來(lái)越重要。由于電機(jī)扭矩是電壓的函數(shù),電機(jī)電壓必須得到控制，一般用可控硅整流器(SCR)的降壓?jiǎn)?dòng)裝置，先施加低電壓拉緊輸送帶,然后線性的增加供電電壓直到全電壓和最大帶速。但是，這種啟動(dòng)方式不會(huì)產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的加速度，當(dāng)加速完成時(shí),控制電機(jī)電壓的SCR 鎖定在全導(dǎo)通，為電機(jī)提供全壓。此種控制方式功率可達(dá)到750kW。繞線轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電機(jī)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)電

49、機(jī)直接連接到驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)機(jī)上,通過(guò)在電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串聯(lián)電阻控制電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩。在傳送裝置啟動(dòng)時(shí),把電阻串聯(lián)進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生較低的轉(zhuǎn)矩，當(dāng)傳送帶加速時(shí)，電阻逐漸減少保持穩(wěn)定增加轉(zhuǎn)矩。在多驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中，一個(gè)外加的滑差電阻可能將總是串聯(lián)在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組回路中以幫助均分負(fù)載。該方式的電機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，但控制系統(tǒng)可能很復(fù)雜，因?yàn)樗鼈兪腔谟?jì)算機(jī)控制的電阻切換。，控制系統(tǒng)的大多數(shù)是定制設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)滿足傳送系統(tǒng)的特殊規(guī)格。繞線轉(zhuǎn)子電機(jī)適合于需要400kW以上的系統(tǒng)。直流(DC)電機(jī)大多數(shù)傳送驅(qū)動(dòng)使用DC 并勵(lì)電機(jī)，電機(jī)的電樞在外部連接?？刂艱C 驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)一般應(yīng)用SCR裝置，它允許連續(xù)的變速操作。DC 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)在機(jī)械上是簡(jiǎn)單的,但設(shè)計(jì)

50、的電子電路，監(jiān)測(cè)和系統(tǒng)，相比于其他軟啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的選擇是昂貴的，但在轉(zhuǎn)矩、負(fù)載均分和變速為主要考慮的場(chǎng)合,它又是一個(gè)可靠的，節(jié)約成本的方式。DC 電機(jī)一般使用在功率較大的輸送裝置上,包括需要輸送帶張力控制的多驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和需要寬變速范圍的輸送裝置上。1.2 液力偶合器流體動(dòng)力偶合器通常被稱(chēng)為液力偶合器，由三個(gè)基本單元組成：充當(dāng)離心泵的葉輪,推進(jìn)水壓的渦輪和裝進(jìn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)力的外殼。流體從葉輪到渦輪，在從動(dòng)軸產(chǎn)生扭矩。由于循環(huán)流體產(chǎn)生扭矩和速度，在驅(qū)動(dòng)軸和從動(dòng)軸之間不需要任何機(jī)械連接。這種連接產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力決定于液力偶合器的充液量，扭矩正比于輸入速度。因在流體偶合中輸出速度小于輸入速度,其間的差值稱(chēng)為滑差,一般為

51、1 %3 %。傳遞功率可達(dá)幾千千瓦。固定充液液力偶合器固定充液液力偶合器是在結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單和僅具有有限的彎曲部分的輸送裝置中最常用的軟啟動(dòng)裝置，其結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，成本又低，對(duì)現(xiàn)在使用的大多數(shù)輸送機(jī)能提供優(yōu)良的軟啟動(dòng)效果?？勺兂湟阂毫ε己掀饕卜Q(chēng)為限矩型液力偶合器。偶合器的葉輪裝在AC 電機(jī)上,渦輪裝在從動(dòng)器高速軸上，包含操作的軸箱安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)基座。偶合器的旋轉(zhuǎn)外殼有溢出口,允許液體不斷地從工作腔中流出進(jìn)入一個(gè)分離的輔助腔，油從輔助腔通過(guò)一個(gè)熱交換器泵到控制偶合器充液量的電磁閥。為了控制單機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩,必須監(jiān)測(cè)AC 電機(jī)電流,給電磁閥的控制提供反饋?？勺兂湟阂毫ε己掀骺墒褂迷谥写蠊β瘦斔拖到y(tǒng)率可達(dá)到數(shù)千千瓦。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)無(wú)論在機(jī)械,或在電氣上都是很復(fù)雜的，其驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)成本中等。勺管控制液力偶合器也稱(chēng)為調(diào)速型液力偶合器。此種液力偶合器同樣由三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的液力偶合單元，即葉輪、渦輪和一個(gè)包含工作環(huán)路的外殼。此種液力偶合器需要在工作腔以外設(shè)置導(dǎo)管(也稱(chēng)勺管) 和導(dǎo)管腔，依靠調(diào)節(jié)裝置改變勺管開(kāi)度(勺管頂端與旋轉(zhuǎn)外殼間距) 人為的改變工作腔的充液量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)輸出轉(zhuǎn)速的調(diào)節(jié)。這種控制提供了合理的平滑 加速度，但其計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)很復(fù)雜。勺管控制液力偶合器可以應(yīng)用在單機(jī)或多機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，功率范圍為150kW750kW。13 變頻控制(VFC)變頻控制也是一種直接驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，它具有非常獨(dú)特的